Saxophone: wehewehe mea kani, haku mele, mōʻaukala, ʻano, kani, pehea e pāʻani ai

ʻAʻole hiki i ka saxophone ke kaena i kahi kumu kahiko, he ʻōpiopio. Akā, i loko o hoʻokahi ʻumi makahiki a me ka hapa wale nō o kona ola ʻana, ua loaʻa i nā mea pā a puni ka honua i ka leo hoʻohiwahiwa a me ke kilokilo o kēia mea kani.

He aha ka saxophone

No ka hui o na mea kani makani ka saxophone. Universal: kūpono no ka hana solo, duets, hapa o ka orchestras (pinepine - keleawe, emi pinepine - symphony). Hoʻohana ikaika ʻia ia i ka jazz, blues, a aloha ʻia e nā mea pena pop.

ʻO ke kelepona ʻenehana, me nā manawa kūpono e pili ana i ka hana mele. He kani mana, hōʻike, loaʻa kahi leo mele. 'Oko'a ka laula o ka mea kani, ma muli o ke 'ano o ka saxophone (he 14 ka nui, 8 ke ho'ohana 'ia nei i kēia manawa).

Pehea i hana ʻia ai kahi saxophone

ʻO waho, he paipu ʻāwili lōʻihi, e hoʻonui ana i lalo. Mea hana hana - nā ʻāpana keleawe me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka tin, zinc, nickel, keleawe.

Aia ʻekolu ʻāpana nui:

• “Eska”. ʻO ka paipu, aia ma ke poʻo o ka mea kani, ua like ia me ka huaʻōlelo Latin "S" ma ke ʻano curved. Ma ka hope he waha waha.
• Pākuʻi. He pololei a i ʻole ka piko. Loaʻa iā ia nā pihi he nui, nā lua, nā paipu, nā kiwi e pono ai e unuhi i nā leo o ke kiʻekiʻe i makemake ʻia. ʻOkoʻa ka huina o kēia mau mea ma muli o ke kumu hoʻohālike o ka saxophone, mai 19 a 25.
• pū kani. ʻO ka ʻāpana i hoʻā ʻia ma ka hope o ka saxophone.

Ma waho aʻe o nā mea nui, nā mea nui:

• ʻO ka waha: hana ʻia ka ʻāpana me ka ebonite a i ʻole metala. He ʻokoʻa kona ʻano, ka nui, ma muli o ke ʻano mele āu e pono ai ke pāʻani.
• Ligature: i kekahi manawa metala, ʻili. Hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i ke koʻokoʻo. Me ka paʻa paʻa, pololei ka leo, me ka mea nāwaliwali - blurry, vibrating. He maikaʻi ka koho mua no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā ʻāpana kahiko, ʻo ka lua - jazz.
• ʻO Reed: He ʻāpana lāʻau a i ʻole ka plastic i hoʻopili ʻia i ka waha me kahi kaula. Hele mai ia ma nā ʻano nui like ʻole ma muli o nā hana i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia. He kuleana no ka hana leo. Kapa ʻia ka saxophone lāʻau ma muli o ka ʻohe i hana ʻia me ka lāʻau.

Mōʻaukala o ka hana ʻana

ʻO ka moʻolelo o ka saxophone i pili pū me ka inoa o ka haku Belgian ʻo Adolphe Sax. ʻO kēia mea hana akamai ka makuakāne o ka hui holoʻokoʻa o nā mea kani, akā ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hāʻawi i ka saxophone i kahi inoa consonant me kona inoa ponoʻī. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole koke - ʻo ka mea mua i hāʻawi i ka mea hana i ka inoa "mouthpiece ophicleid".

Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Adolphe Sax me ka ophicleide, ka clarinet. I ka hui ʻana i ka waha o ka clarinet me ke kino o kahi ophicleid, ua hoʻopuka ʻo ia i nā leo maʻamau. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hana no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻolālā i ka makahiki 1842 - ua ʻike kahi mea kani hou i ka mālamalama. Ua hui pū ʻia nā mea o ka oboe, clarinet, ʻo ka mea hou ke ʻano o ke kino curved i ke ʻano o ka leka S. Ua loaʻa i ka mea hana kahi patent no ka mea hou ma hope o 4 mau makahiki. I ka makahiki 1987, ua wehe ʻia ke kula mua no nā saxophonists.

ʻO ka timbre maʻamau o ka saxophone i hahau i nā mea haku o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Ua hoʻokomo koke ʻia ka mea hou i ka haku mele symphony, ʻike koke ʻia nā hana mele, e hōʻike ana i nā ʻāpana no nā saxophones. ʻO ka mea haku mele mua i kākau i nā mele nona, he hoaaloha pili ʻo A. Saks, G. Berlioz.

Ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā manaʻo maikaʻi i ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Ua pāpā kekahi mau ʻāina i ka pāʻani ʻana i nā saxophones, ma waena o lākou ka USSR, Nazi Kelemānia. Ua puunaue malu ia ka mea paahana, ua pipii nui ia.

ʻOiai ma ʻEulopa, ua emi loa ka hoihoi i ka mea i hana ʻia e A. Sachs, ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka Honua, ma USA, ua ulu aʻe. Ua kaulana ka saxophone me ke ano o ka jazz. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kapa ʻia ʻo "ke aliʻi o jazz", ua hoʻāʻo lākou e haku i ka Play ma nā wahi āpau.

I ka waenakonu o ke kenekulia iwakālua, ua hoʻi lanakila ka mea kani i kona ʻāina hānau, a loaʻa hou i kona kūlana mua. ʻO nā mea haku mele Soviet (S. Rachmaninov, D. Shostakovich, A. Khachaturian), ma hope o ke koena o ka honua, hoʻomaka e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana no ka saxophone i kā lākou mau hana i kākau ʻia.

I kēia lā, ʻo ka saxophone kekahi o nā mea kani kaulana he ʻumi, loaʻa nā mea pā a puni ka honua, a hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea hoʻokani o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, mai ke mele kahiko a hiki i ke mele rock.

Nā ʻano saxophones

ʻOkoʻa nā ʻano o nā saxophones:

• nui;
• kalakala;
• hoʻokumu;
• kiʻekiʻe kani.

Ua hoʻokō ʻo A. Sachs i nā ʻano mea hana 14, i kēia lā 8 mau ke koi:

1. Sopranino, sopranissimo. Hiki i nā saxophone liʻiliʻi ke hana i nā leo kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO ka ʻulaʻula, ʻoluʻolu, palupalu. ʻOi loa ka hana hou ʻana o nā mele mele. He kino pololei ko lākou, ʻaʻohe piko ma lalo, ma luna.
2. Soprano. Hiki ke ʻano kino pololei. Ke kaumaha, ka nui - liʻiliʻi, kani ke kani, kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke ʻano o ka noi ʻana ʻo ia ka hana o nā hana mele mele pop.
3. Alto. Paʻa, ʻano nui, loaʻa kahi mīkini kīwī kūpono. Hiki i ka timbre momona ke hiki ke hoʻokahi. Manaʻo ʻia no nā poʻe hoʻomaka e makemake e aʻo i ka pāʻani. Kaulana me ka poʻe loea.
4. Tenor. He kani haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka viola, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka "puhi". He mea kupaianaha nā ana, kūpono ke kaumaha. Hoʻopili ʻia e ka poʻe ʻoihana: hiki ke hana solo, hoʻokani pila. Noi: hoʻonaʻauao, mele pop, pūʻali koa.
5. Baritone. He mea kupanaha ia: ʻo ke kino ua ʻāwili ʻia, aneane pālua i ka paʻakikī. Haʻahaʻa ke kani, mana, hohonu. ʻIke ʻia nā kani maʻemaʻe ke hoʻohana ʻia ka papa inoa haʻahaʻa, waena. Hoʻokani ka papa inoa o luna i nā memo me ka haʻahaʻa. Aia i ka ʻāpana o nā mea kani i koi ʻia i nā pūʻali koa.
6. Bass, contrabass. Nā hiʻohiʻona ikaika, kaumaha. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou, pono lākou i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomākaukau, hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia ka hanu. Ua like ka hāmeʻa me ka baritone - he kino curved loa, he mīkini kīwī paʻakikī. ʻO ke kani ka haʻahaʻa loa.

Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau ʻāpana, ʻo nā saxophone:

• haumana;
• kumuhana.

ʻenehana saxophone

ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka haku i ka mea kani: pono ʻoe i ka hana filigree o ke alelo, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka hanu, nā manamana lima wikiwiki, a me kahi mea lehelehe maʻalahi.

ʻOkoʻa nā ʻenehana i hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea hoʻokani pila i ka wā o ka Play. ʻO nā mea kaulana loa:

• glissando - ka hoʻololi ʻana mai ke kani i ke kani;
• vibrato - hana i ke kani "ola", naʻau;
• staccato - ka hana ʻana o nā leo me ka hikiwawe, ka neʻe ʻana mai kekahi i kekahi;
• legato - hoʻoikaika i ke kani mua, kahi hoʻololi maʻalahi i ke koena, hana ʻia i hoʻokahi hanu;
• trills, tremolo - ka hoʻololi pinepine ʻana o 2 leo.

Koho o ka Saxophone

He kumukūʻai nui ka mea hana, ke koho ʻana i kahi hiʻohiʻona, pono ʻoe e hoʻolohe i kēia mau mea:

• Mea lako. Ma waho aʻe o ka mea kani, aia ka pahu i kahi pahu, waha waha, ligature, ʻohe, lubricant, gaitan, a me kahi lole kūikawā no ka holoi ʻana.
• kani. ʻO ke kani o ka mea kani e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ka ʻenehana i ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe. Manaʻo ʻia e nānā i ke kani o kēlā me kēia papa inoa, ka neʻe ʻana o nā valves, ke ʻano o ka timbre.
• Ke kumu kūʻai. ʻAʻohe manaʻo no ka poʻe mele novice ke kūʻai aku i kahi mea hana ʻoihana, pipiʻi. He maʻalahi ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumu hoʻohālike haumāna, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi.

Mālama Mea Hana

E lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka mea hana me ka mālama pono. Pono e hoʻokō ʻia kekahi mau kaʻina hana ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā papa, ʻo kekahi ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka pāʻani.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka pahu ma ka "esque" me ka momona ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pāʻani.

Ma hope o nā papa, e hōʻoia e wehe i ka condensate ma ka holoi ʻana i ka mea kani me nā lole komo (loko, waho). Holoi, holoi i ka waha, ʻohe. Mai loko mai, holoi ʻia ka hihia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana kūikawā, nā ʻano improvised (kahi pulupulu, kahi kaula me kahi ukana).

Pono e mālama i nā mīkini hana me ka ʻaila synthetic kūikawā. Ua lawa ia e hoʻokō i ke kaʻina hana hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia ʻeono mahina.

Poe saxophonists

Ua kākau mau ka poʻe saxophonists akamai i ko lākou mau inoa ma ka mōʻaukala mele. ʻO ke kenekulia XNUMX, ʻo ka manawa o ke ʻano o ka mea kani, hāʻawi i ka honua i nā mea hana penei:

• A me Murmana;
• Edouard Lefebvre;
• Louis Maier.

ʻO ke kenekulia XNUMX ka helu kiʻekiʻe o ʻelua o nā mea hoʻokani virtuoso kaulana loa - ʻo Sigurd Rascher lāua ʻo Marcel Muhl.

Manaʻo ʻia nā jazzmen koʻikoʻi o ke kenekulia i hala:

• Na Lester Young;
• Charlie Parker;
• Colemanana Hawkins;
• John Coltrane.