Moku'āina Academic Chapel of St. Petersburg (Saint Petersburg Court Capella) |

ʻAha ʻo Saint Petersburg ʻo Capella

ʻO ka State Academic Chapel o St. Petersburg kahi hui ʻaha mele ma St. Loaʻa i kona hale ʻaha mele ponoʻī.

ʻO ka St. Petersburg Singing Chapel ka papa himeni ʻoihana Lūkini kahiko loa. Hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1479 ma Moscow ma ke ʻano he mele kāne kāne o ka mea i kapa ʻia. e komo i nā lawelawe o ka Assumption Cathedral a me nā "ʻoliʻoli honua" o ka hale aliʻi. I ka makahiki 1701, ua ho'onohonoho hou 'ia 'o ia i loko o ka papa himeni o ka 'aha (kāne a me nā keikikāne), i ka makahiki 1703 ua ho'one'e 'ia 'o ia i St. Petersburg. I ka makahiki 1717, ua huakaʻi ʻo ia me Peter I i Polani, Kelemānia, Holani, Farani, kahi i hoʻolauna mua ai ʻo ia i ka hīmeni mele Lūkini i nā poʻe hoʻolohe haole.

I ka makahiki 1763 ua kapa hou ia ka inoa o ka papa himeni i loko o ka Imperial Court Singing Chapel (100 kanaka i ka papa himeni). Mai ka makahiki 1742, he nui nā mele i lālā mau o ka papa mele ma nā keaka ʻItalia, a mai ka waena o ke kenekulia 18. ʻO nā mea hoʻokani hoʻokahi o nā ʻāpana mele i nā keaka Lūkini mua ma ka hale keaka. Mai ka makahiki 1774, ua hāʻawi ka papa mele i nā ʻahamele ma St. Petersburg Music Club, i ka makahiki 1802-50 ke komo nei ʻo ia i nā ʻaha mele a pau o ka St. Petersburg Philharmonic Society (cantatas and oratorios e nā haku mele Lūkini a me nā haole, ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau mea i hana ʻia ma Rusia. no ka manawa mua, a me kekahi ma ka honua, me ka Beethoven's Solemn Mass, 1824). I ka makahiki 1850-82, ua mālama ʻia ka hana ʻahamele o ka hale pule ma ke keʻena o ka Concert Society ma ka hale pule.

ʻO ia ke kikowaena o ka moʻomeheu mele Lūkini, ʻaʻole i hoʻololi wale ka hale pule i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kuʻuna o ka hana mele ma Rūsia, akā i ke ʻano o ke kākau mele ʻana me ka ʻole o ke mele (a cappella). ʻO nā mea hoʻokani pila kaulana o Lūkini a me Western (VV Stasov, AN Serov, A. Adan, G. Berlioz, F. Liszt, R. Schumann, a me nā mea'ē aʻe) iʻike i ka harmonika, kahi hui kūikawā, virtuoso technique, impeccable possession the finest gradations of choral sound a me nā leo nani (ʻoi aku ka bass octavist).

Ua alakaʻi ʻia ka hale pule e nā mea mele a me nā mea haku mele: MP Poltoratsky (1763-1795), DS Bortnyansky (1796-1825), FP Lvov (1825-36), AF Lvov (1837-61), NI Bakhmetev (1861-83), MA Balakirev (1883-94), AS Arensky (1895-1901), SV Smolensky (1901-03) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻo MI Glinka.

Mai ka makahiki 1816, ua hāʻawi ʻia i nā alakaʻi o ka hale pule ke kuleana e paʻi, hoʻoponopono, a ʻae no ka hana ʻana i nā hana mele kapu a nā haku haku mele Lūkini. I ka makahiki 1846-1917, ua loaʻa i ka hale pule nā ​​papa hana manawa piha a me ka hapa manawa (regency), a mai ka makahiki 1858 ua wehe ʻia nā papa instrumental ma nā ʻano orchestral specialties, nāna i hoʻomākaukau (e like me nā papahana o ka conservatory) soloists a me nā mea pena kiʻi o ka. orkestra o ka mea kiekie loa.

Ua hiki nā papa i kahi hoʻomohala kūikawā ma lalo o NA Rimsky-Korsakov (mana kōkua ma 1883-94), nāna i hana i ka symphony orchestra mai nā haumāna o ka hale pule i ka makahiki 1885, e hana ana ma lalo o ka pahu o nā alakaʻi koʻikoʻi. ʻO nā kumu o nā papa himeni, he mau alakaʻi alakaʻi, haku mele, a me nā mea hoʻokani pila.

I ka makahiki 1905-17, ua kaupalena ʻia nā hana o ka hale pule i nā hanana haipule a me nā hanana hoʻomana. Ma hope o ka ʻOkakopa Revolution o 1917, ua komo ka papa mele i nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o nā mele mele honua, nā hana a nā haku mele Soviet, a me nā mele mele. Ma 1918, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka hale pule i People's Choir Academy, mai 1922 - ka State Academic Chapel (mai 1954 - i kapa ʻia ma hope o MI Glinka). I ka makahiki 1920, ua hoʻopiha ʻia ka papa himeni me nā leo wahine a hui pū ʻia.

I ka makahiki 1922, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi kula hīmeni a me kahi kula ʻenehana hīmeni i ka lā ma ka hale pule (mai ka makahiki 1925, ua hoʻonohonoho pū ʻia kahi kula hīmeni ahiahi no nā pākeke). Ma 1945, ma ke kumu o ke kula himeni, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke Kula ʻO Choir ma ka papa mele (mai ka makahiki 1954 - i kapa ʻia ma hope o MI Glinka). I ka makahiki 1955 ua lilo ke Kula ʻO Choral i hui kūʻokoʻa.

Ke alakaʻi nei ka hui hale pule i kahi hana ʻahamele nui. ʻO kāna repertoire nā papa mele mele kahiko a me nā manawa hou i hui pū ʻole ʻia, nā papahana mai nā hana a nā haku haku hale, nā mele mele (Russian, Ukrainian, etc.), a me nā hana nui o ke ʻano cantata-oratorio, he nui nā mea i hana ʻia e ka hale pule ma ka USSR no ka manawa mua. Ma waena o lākou: "Alexander Nevsky", "Kai kiaʻi o ke ao", "Toast" na Prokofiev; "Song of the Forests", "The Sun Shines Over Our Homeland" na Shostakovich; "Ma ke kahua ʻo Kulikovo", "The Legend of the Battle for the Russian Land" na Shaporin, "The Twelve" na Salmanov, "Virineya" na Slonimsky, "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" na Prigogine a me nā hana ʻē aʻe he nui a Soviet a me haku mele haole.

Ma hope o 1917, ua alakaʻi ʻia ka hale pule e nā alakaʻi hīmeni Soviet kaulana: MG Klimov (1917-35), HM Danilin (1936-37), AV Sveshnikov (1937-41), GA Dmitrevsky (1943-53), AI Anisimov (1955- 65), FM Kozlov (1967-72), mai 1974 - VA Chernushenko. ʻI he 1928 naʻe fakaʻaʻahiʻi ʻe he falelotu ʻi Latvia, Siamane, Suiselani, ʻItalia, pea ʻi he 1952 ko e GDR.

E hoʻomaopopo ': ʻO Muzalevsky VI, ʻO ka papa mele Lūkini kahiko loa. (1713-1938), L.-M., 1938; (Gusin I., Tkachev D.), State Academic Chapel i kapa ʻia ma muli o MI Glinka, L., 1957; Academic Chapel i kapa ʻia ma muli o MI Glinka, ma ka puke: Musical Leningrad, L., 1958; Lokshin D., Kupanaha Lūkini poe himeni a me ko lakou alakai, M., 1963; Kazachkov S., ʻElua mau ʻano - ʻelua kuʻuna, "SM", 1971, No 2.

DV Tkachev