ʻEkolu hapa ʻano |

ʻAno ʻekolu ʻāpana – ke ano o ka haku mele, mai ka papahele 2. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ke kenekulia 17 ma ʻEulopa. prof. mele ma ke ʻano o kahi pāʻani holoʻokoʻa a hapa paha. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo T. f. i ka manaʻo kūikawā o ka huaʻōlelo implies ʻaʻole wale ka hele ʻana o ʻekolu mau mea nui. nā ʻāpana, akā he nui nā kūlana e pili ana i ka pilina o kēia mau ʻāpana a me ko lākou ʻano (nā wehewehe ʻana o T. f. i alakaʻi nui ʻia e nā hana a J. Haydn, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven o ka mua a me ka waena. nā wā o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, akā naʻe, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano like i nā mele ma hope mai ke ʻano kahiko). Aia nā T. t maʻalahi a paʻakikī. Ma kahi hapa 1 maʻalahi he manawa hoʻokahi-leo a modulating paha (a i ʻole kahi kūkulu e pani ai), ʻo ka ʻaoʻao waena, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻohe hale paʻa, a ʻo ka hapa 3 he reprise o ka mua, i kekahi manawa me he hooloihi; hiki a kūʻokoʻa. manawa (non-reprise T. f.). I ka pilikia T. f. ʻO ka hapa mua he ʻano maʻalahi ʻelua a ʻekolu paha, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao waena ke ʻano like me ka 1 a ʻoi aku ka manuahi, a ʻo ka ʻāpana 1 he reprise o ka mua, pololei a i hoʻololi ʻia (ma wok. op. - ka hana hou ʻana i ke mele, akā ʻaʻole pono a me ka ʻōlelo waha). Aia kekahi ʻano waena ma waena o ka maʻalahi a me ka paʻakikī tf: ʻo ka ʻāpana waena (ʻelua) - ma kahi ʻano maʻalahi ʻelua a ʻekolu paha, a ʻo ka ʻoi loa - ma ke ʻano o kahi manawa. Inā ʻaʻole haʻahaʻa ka mea hope i ka nui a me ka waiwai i ka hapa waena, a laila ua kokoke ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa i ka paʻakikī T. f. (Waltz op. 3 No 40 no ka piano na PI Tchaikovsky); inā pōkole ka manawa, a laila i kahi mea maʻalahi me kahi hoʻomaka a me ka hopena e hoʻopili ana ("The Song of the Indian Guest" mai ka opera "Sadko" na Rimsky-Korsakov). Loaʻa ka hoʻomaka a me ka hopena (code) i kekahi ʻano o T. f., a me nā ʻāpana pili ma waena o ka mea nui. pauku, i kekahi manawa deployed (ʻoi loa i ka paʻakikī T. f. ma waena o ka waena a me ka reprise).

O ka pauku mua o T. f. hana i kahi hana expositional (ma kahi ʻano ʻenehana paʻakikī, me nā mea hoʻomohala), ʻo ia hoʻi, hōʻike ia i kahi hōʻike o kahi kumuhana. Waena (mahele 2) maʻalahi T. f. - pinepine ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā muses. mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻāpana 1. Aia nā ʻāpana waena i kūkulu ʻia ma kahi kumuhana hou. nā mea i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea o nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi (Mazurka C-dur op. 33 No 3 na Chopin). I kekahi manawa aia ka ʻaoʻao waena i nā mea hou a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kumuhana o ka hapa 1 (ʻāpana 3 - nocturne - mai nā kaula 2nd o ka quartet Borodin). I ka pilikia T. f. ʻokoʻa ka ʻāpana waena me ka ʻoi loa; inā kākau ʻia ma nā ʻano manawa, maʻalahi ʻelua a ʻekolu paha ʻāpana, ua kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo ia he trio (no ka mea, ma ka 17th a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 18, hōʻike pinepine ʻia i ʻekolu leo). Paʻakikī T. f. me kēlā ʻaoʻao waena, ka preim. ma ka wikiwiki, ma ka hula, ke hookani; me ka liʻiliʻi o ka formalized, ʻoi aku ka wai o ka ʻāpana waena (episode) - pinepine i nā ʻāpana lohi.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka reprise T. f. maʻa mau i ka ʻae ʻana o ka mea nui. kiʻi o ka pāʻani ma hope o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana a i ʻole ka hana hou ʻana o ke mele nui. nā manaʻo ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa ma hope o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kāna otd. ʻaoʻao a me nā mea; i nā hihia ʻelua, hāʻawi ka reprise i ka piha o ke ʻano. Inā hoʻololi ʻia ka reprise i hoʻokumu ʻia kahi pae hou o ka ʻāʻī i loko o ia e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hapa 1 o ke ʻano, a laila ʻo T. f. kapa ʻia ʻo dynamic (ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ia mau ʻano ma waena o nā T. f. maʻalahi ma mua o nā mea paʻakikī). I kekahi manawa, hoʻopuka hou ʻia kahi T. f. ʻaʻole hoʻomaka i ke kī nui ("Forgotten Waltz" No. 1 no ka piano Liszt, "Fairy Tale" op. 26 No. 3 no ka piano Medtner). I kekahi manawa e hoʻi mai ke kī nui, akā ʻaʻole ke kumuhana o ka ʻāpana 1 (ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo tonal reprise; "Song me nā huaʻōlelo" g-moll No 6 no Mendelssohn).

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo T. f. hiki ke hoʻonui a hoʻonui ʻia e ka hana hou ʻana o kāna mau ʻāpana, pololei a ʻano like ʻole paha. Ma ka maalahi T. f. ka manawa 1 pinepine hou, ma otd. nā hihia me ka hoʻololi ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻololi hapa ʻana i nā kī ʻē aʻe (ʻo ka hapa mua o ka March Funeral – a hiki i ʻekolu - mai ka Sonata No. 1 a Beethoven no ka piano; ʻO ka Waltz Poina No. march op.12 No 1 no ka piano a Prokofiev). ʻAʻole emi pinepine ka waena a me ka reprise. Inā pili ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka waena a i ʻole ka ʻāpana 25 i ka wā o kā lākou hana hou ʻana me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka tonality, a laila ua kapa ʻia ke ʻano he pālua pālua ʻekolu a hoʻokokoke i ke ʻano rondo. I ka pilikia T. f. ma ka hopena o ia mea, ua hoʻopuka hou ʻia ka ʻekolu a me ka ʻāpana 11 ("March of Chernomor" mai ka opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila" na Glinka); inā, ma kahi o ka hana hou ʻana, hāʻawi ʻia kahi trio hou, ala mai kahi TF paʻakikī pālua. (T. f. paʻakikī me ʻelua ʻekolu), he rondo kokoke ("Wedding March" mai ke mele a i ka mele mele a Shakespeare "A Midsummer Night's Dream" na Mendelssohn).

I ka pilikia o T. f. ʻAʻole alakaʻi wale i ka hana hou ʻana o nā ʻāpana, akā i ko lākou ulu ʻana i loko: ka manawa modulating mua o T. f maʻalahi. hiki ke loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona o kahi hōʻike sonata, ka waena - nā hoʻomohala, a me ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa - nā hiʻohiʻona o kahi sonata allegro (e nānā i ke ʻano Sonata). I kekahi mau mea, mea hou ma ka hapa waena o ka T. f. (maʻalahi a paʻakikī paha) i kikoʻī ʻia i ke code a i ʻole ka hopena o ka reprise ma ch. tonality, ka mea i hana i ka lakio o nā kumuhana maʻamau o kahi sonata me ka hoʻomohala ʻole.

ʻOiai ka maʻalahi a me ke kūlohelohe o kona ʻano pōʻai (ABA a i ʻole ABA1), ʻo T. f. ʻO nā ʻano mea i wehewehe ʻia ua ala aʻe ma hope o ka ʻāpana ʻelua a ʻaʻohe ona aʻa pololei a maopopo e like me kēia hope ma ka Nar. mele. Kumu T. f. pili nui me ke mele. t-rum, oi loa aku me ka opera aria da capo.

Maalahi T. f. ua hoohana ia e like me ke ano i. – l. ʻāpana ʻaʻole cyclic. prod. (rondo, sonata allegro, complex tf, etc.), a me nā romances, opera arias a me arioso, hula liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe (e like me ka preludes, etudes). Pehea ke kūʻokoʻa o ke ʻano. pāʻani maʻalahi T. f. ua laha nui i ka manawa post-Beethoven. I kekahi manawa, ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano o ka hapa lohi o ka pōʻai (ma ka concerto violin a Tchaikovsky; ʻo ka laʻana kikoʻī loa ma ka concerto piano ʻelua a Rachmaninov). Hoʻoikaika maʻalahi T. f. ʻoi loa ma F. Chopin, PI Tchaikovsky, AN Scriabin.

Paʻakikī T. f. hoʻohana ʻia i ka hula. nā pāʻani a me nā hele wāwae, nā pō, impromptu a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. nā genres, a me ke ʻano o ka opera a i ʻole ka helu ballet, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke aloha ("Hoʻomanaʻo wau i kahi manawa kupanaha", "ʻO wau ma ʻaneʻi, Inezilla" na Glinka). Paʻakikī T. t. he mea maʻamau. ma nā ʻāpana waena o ka sonata-symphony. nā pōʻai, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki (scherzo, minuet), akā lohi pū kekahi. ʻO nā laʻana i kūkulu ʻia o ka paʻakikī T. f. represent nek-ry symph. ʻO Beethoven's Scherzo, March Funeral March mai kāna "Heroic" Symphony, symphony. scherzo e nā mea haku mele ʻē aʻe (no ka laʻana, nā ʻāpana ʻelua o nā symphonies 2 a me 5 o Shostakovich), a me nā mea kaʻawale. nā ʻāpana a nā mea haku mele aloha (no ka laʻana, ʻo Chopin's Polonaise op. 7). Ua paʻakikī pū kekahi T. f. ʻano kūikawā, eg. me nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano o kahi sonata allegro (scherzo mai Beethoven's 44th symphony a me Borodin's 9st symphony).

I loko o nā hana manaʻo o ka ʻokoʻa T. f. mai kekahi mau ʻano mele ʻē aʻe. wehewehe ʻia nā ʻano ma nā ʻano like ʻole. No laila, i loko o kekahi mau manuals, complex T. f. me ka ʻatikala e pili ana i nā ʻano o ka rondo. Aia nā pilikia paʻakikī ma ka hoʻokaʻawale maʻalahi T. f. me ka waena, e hoʻomohala ana i nā mea o ka neʻe mua, a me kahi ʻano maʻalahi ʻelua ʻāpana. E like me ke kānāwai, ʻo ka hana hou ʻana i ka manawa mua i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka hōʻike nui o ke ʻano tripartite, a hoʻokahi ʻōlelo - ʻelua ʻāpana (ma kēia hihia, e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā ʻōlelo hou aʻe). Manaʻo ʻo E. Prout i kēia mau ʻano ʻelua ma ke ʻano he ʻelua ʻāpana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hāʻawi ka waena i ka ʻokoʻa, makemake e hana hou a hana pinepine ʻia me ia. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ua unuhi ʻo A. Schoenberg i kēia mau ʻano ʻelua ma ke ʻano he mau ʻāpana ʻekolu, no ka mea aia i loko o lākou kahi reprise (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka hapa 1), ʻoiai inā ua hoʻopau ʻia. He mea kūpono, me ka nānā ʻole i kēia a i ʻole kēlā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻano e noʻonoʻo ʻia nei, e hoʻohui iā lākou ma lalo o ka manaʻo nui o kahi palapala reprise maʻalahi. ʻO ka nui o kekahi mau huahana. 'a'ole e like me ka inoa o ke 'ano o ke 'ano o ia 'ano (no ka la'ana, ma T. f. me ke code, aia paha he 3 mau 'āpana like). ʻO Mn. ʻAʻole i kapa ʻia nā haku mele ʻekolu ma ke ʻano maʻamau o ka huaʻōlelo ʻo T. f. ma ka manaʻo kūikawā o ka huaʻōlelo. ʻO ia, no ka laʻana, ʻekolu mau hana opera, ʻekolu-movement symphonies, concertos, etc., strophic. wok. nā haku mele ʻekolu mau māmala kikokikona me nā mele like ʻole, etc.

E hoʻomaopopo ': e nana ma Art. ʻAno mele.