Sonata Trio |
Sonata Trio (Italian sonate per due stromenti e basso continuo; German Triosonate; French sonate en trio) kekahi o na mea kani nui loa. nā ʻano o nā kenekulia 17-18. Huihui T.-s. ʻO ka mea maʻamau he 3 mau ʻāpana (ʻo ia ke kumu o kona inoa): ʻelua leo like o ka soprano tessitura (ʻoi aku ka pinepine o ka violin, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 17 - zinc, viola da braccio, i ka hopena o nā kenekulia 17-18 - oboes, longitudinal. a me nā ʻohe hoʻololi) a me ka bass (cello, viola da gamba, bassoon i kekahi manawa, trombone); maoli ma T.-s. Ua komo nā mea hoʻokani 4, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i hāpai ʻia ka pāʻina basso ma ke ʻano he solo (hoʻokahi leo), akā he basso continuo no ka hana polygonal. mea kani e like me ka general-bass system (harpsichord a organ, i ka wā mua - theorbo, chitarron). T.-s. Ua kū mai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 17 i loko o Italia a laha i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ʻEulopa. ʻāina. Aia kona kumu ma ka wok. a instr. nā ʻano o ka Renaissance hope loa: ma nā madrigals, canzonettes, canzones, ricercars, a me nā ritornellos o nā opera mua. I ka wā mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana (ma mua o ka waena o ke kenekulia 17), ʻo T.-s. noho ma lalo o ka inoa canzona, sonata, sinfonia, no ka laʻana. S. Rossi (“Sinfonie et Gagliarde”, 1607), J. Cima (“Sei sonate per instrumenti a 2, 3, 4”, 1610), M. Neri (“Canzone del terzo tuono”, 1644). I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o kēlā me kēia haku mele, i hōʻike ʻia ma nā ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana, a me ke ʻano o ka pōʻaiapuni a me kāna mau ʻāpana. Me ka hōʻike homophonic, hoʻohana nui ʻia ke ʻano fugue; instr. loaʻa pinepine nā hui i ka virtuosity nui (B. Marini). Hoʻokomo pū ka pōʻaiapuni i nā ʻano like ʻole, me ka ostinato, nā ʻano, a me nā kāne a me nā hui hula. T.-s. ua laha ma ka a me ka ekalesia. mele; i loko o ka halepule ua hana pinepine ia ma mua o nā hapa o ka nuipa (Kyrie, Introitus) a i ʻole ma kahi o ka gradual, offertoria, etc. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka secular (sonata da camera) a me ka halepule (sonata da chiesa) nā ʻano o T.-s. i loaʻa me B. Marini (hui "Per ogni sorte d'istromento musicale diversi generi di sonate, da chiesa e da camera", 1655) a me G. Legrenzi ("Suonate da chiesa e da camera", op. 2, 1656 ) . Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻano ʻelua ma ka Dictionnaire de musique a S. Brossard i ka makahiki 1703.
ʻO ka lā nui o T.-s - 2nd hapa. 17 - noi. Ke kenekulia 18 I kēia manawa, ua wehewehe ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o nā pōʻai i loko o ka hale pule. a ke keena T.-s. ʻO ke kumu o ka pōʻaiapuni sonata da chiesa 4-neʻe he hoʻololi ʻia o nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa i ka manawa, ka nui a me ke ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana (ma muli o ke kumumanaʻo lohi - wikiwiki - mālie - wikiwiki). Wahi a Brossard, he sonata da chiesa "hoʻomaka maʻamau me ka neʻe koʻikoʻi a hanohano ... Hoʻopau. ka neʻe ʻana me ka wikiwiki (3/8, 6/8, 12/8) i kākau pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano o kahi gigue. No ke ʻano o nā leo violin, he mea maʻamau ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā leo melodic. nā huaʻōlelo a me nā kumu. Sonata da camera – hula. he suite e wehe ana me kahi prelude a i ʻole "sonata liʻiliʻi". ʻO ka hapa hope, ʻehā, ma kahi o ka jig, hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia ka gavotte a me ka sarabande. ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā ʻano sonata. ʻO nā laʻana koʻikoʻi loa o T.-s. no G. Vitali, G. Torelli, A. Corelli, G. Purcell, F. Couperin, D. Buxtehude, GF Handel ka pores kahiko. I ka lua o ke kolu o ke kenekulia 2, ma hope o ka makahiki 18, ua ha'alele ka mo'omeheu. ʻano T.-s. ʻO kēia ka mea iʻike nuiʻia ma ka hana a JS Bach, GF Handel, J. Leclerc, FE Bach, JK Bach, J. Tartini, J. Pergolesi. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pōʻai 1750-ʻāpana, da capo a me nā ʻano rondo, ka nāwaliwali o ka hana o ka polyphony, ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā hōʻailona o ka sonata i ka hapa mua, wikiwiki o ka pōʻai. ʻO nā haku mele o ke kula ʻo Mannheim T.-s. i hoohuliia i Kammertrio a i ole Orchestertrio me ka bass general (J. Stamitz, Six sonates a trois parties concertantes qui sont faites pour exécuter ou a trois ou avec toutes l'orchestre, op. 3, Paris, 1).
E hoʻomaopopo ': ʻO Asafiev B., Keʻano mele ma keʻano he kaʻina hana, (M.), 1930, (me ka puke 2), L., 1971, ch. ʻumikumākahi; Livanova T., haku mele nui i ka manawa o JS Bach, ma: Nīnau o Musicology, vol. 11, M., 2; ʻO Protopopov V., Richerkar a me canzona i nā kenekulia 1956th-2th. and their evolution, in Sat.: Na ninau o ke ano mele, vol. 1972, M., 38, p. 47, 54-3; Zeyfas N., Concerto grosso, ma: Nā pilikia o ka ʻepekema mele, vol. 1975, M., 388, p. 91-399, 400-14; Retrash A., Genres of Late Renaissance Instrumental Music and the Formation of Sonatas and Suites, in: Nīnau o Theory and Aesthetics of Music, vol. 1975, L., 1978; Sakharova G., Ma ke kumu o ka sonata, i ka ohi: Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka sonata, M., 36 (Musical and Pedagogical Institute i kapa ʻia ma hope o ka Gnessins. Collection of works (interuniversity), issue 3); Riemann H., Die Triosonaten der Generalbañ-Epoche, ma kāna puke: Präludien und Studien, Bd 1901, Münch.-Lpz., 129, S. 56-2; Nef K., Zur Geschichte der deutschen Instrumentalmusik in der 17. Hälfte des 1902. Jahrhunderts, Lpz., 1927; Hoffmann H., Die norddeutsche Triosonate des Kreises um JG Graun und C. Ph. E. Bach a me Kiel, 17; Schlossberg A., Die italienische Sonata für mehrere Instrumente im 1932. Jahrhundert, Heidelberg, 1934 (Diss.); Gerson-Kiwi E., Die Triosonate von ihren Anfängen bis zu Haydn und Mozart, "Zeitschrift für Hausmusik", 3, Bd 18; Oberdörfer F., Der Generalbass in der Instrumentalmusik des ausgehenden 1939. Jahrhunderts, Kassel, 1955; Schenk, E., Die italienische Triosonate, Köln, 1959 (Das Musikwerk); Newman WS, The sonata in the baroque era, Chapel Hill (N. C), (1966), 1963; kāna, ʻO ka sonata i ke au kahiko, Chapel Hill (N. C), 1965; Apfel E., Zur Vorgeschichte der Triosonate, "Mf", 18, Jahrg. 1, Kt 1965; Bughici D., Suita si sonata, Buc., XNUMX.
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