Clément Janequin |

Clement Janequin

E nānā i ka haku ma mastery. V. Shakespeare

Ua haku ʻo ia i nā motets ma nā leo nui, inā paha ʻo ia e ʻaʻa e hoʻopuka i ka haunaele walaʻau, inā ʻo ia e hoʻopuka i ke kamaʻilio wahine ma kāna mau mele, inā paha ʻo ia e hoʻopuka i nā leo manu - i nā mea a pau a ka nani o Janequin i mele ai, he akua a make ʻole ʻo ia. A. Banff

C. Janequin - ka mea haku mele Farani o ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia XNUMX. - kekahi o nā kiʻi nani a koʻikoʻi o ka Renaissance. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, he liʻiliʻi loa ka ʻike hilinaʻi e pili ana i kona ala ola. Akā ʻo ke kiʻi o kahi mea pena kanaka kanaka, aloha i ke ola a me kahi hoa leʻaleʻa, kahi mele mele a me ka mea pena kiʻi satirist-genre akamai i hōʻike ʻia i kāna hana, ʻokoʻa i nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻano. E like me nā ʻelele he nui o ka moʻomeheu mele o ka Renaissance, ua huli ʻo Janequin i nā ʻano kuʻuna o nā mele kapu - ua kākau ʻo ia i nā motets, nā mele, nā lehulehu. Akā ʻo nā hana mua loa, i kūleʻa nui ʻia me nā poʻe o kēia wā a mālama i ko lākou ʻano kiʻi a hiki i kēia lā, ua hana ʻia e ka mea haku mele ma ke ʻano honua o ka mele polyphonic Farani - chanson. I ka moʻolelo o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka moʻomeheu mele o Farani, ua hana nui kēia ʻano. Hoʻokumu ʻia i ka moʻomeheu moʻomeheu a me ka moʻomeheu poetic o ka Middle Ages, e noho nei i ka hana a nā troubadours a me trouveurs, ua hōʻike ʻo chanson i nā manaʻo a me nā manaʻo o nā ʻano āpau o ka nohona. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka Renaissance art ma mua o nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka paʻi mua (o ka mea i ʻike ʻia) o nā mele a Janequin mai ka makahiki 1529, i ka wā i hoʻopuka ai ʻo Pierre Attenyan, ka mea paʻi mele kahiko loa ma Paris, i kekahi mau mele nui a ka mea haku mele. Ua lilo kēia lā i ʻano hoʻomaka i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā milestones o ke ola a me ke ala hana o ka mea pena. ʻO ka pae mua o ka hana mele ikaika a Janequin e pili ana me nā kūlanakauhale o Bordeaux a me Angers. Mai 1533, ua noho ʻo ia i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi mele ma ka Angers Cathedral, ka mea i kaulana no ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hana o kāna hale pule a me ka okana maikaʻi loa. Ma Angers, kahi kikowaena nui o ka humanism i ka 10th century, kahi i hana nui ai ke kulanui i ke ola lehulehu, ua hoʻohana ka mea haku mele ma kahi o XNUMX mau makahiki. (He mea hoihoi ia i ka pili pū ʻana o ka ʻōpio o kekahi ʻelele koʻikoʻi o ka moʻomeheu French Renaissance, ʻo Francois Rabelais, me Angers.

Ua haʻalele ʻo Janequin iā Angers ma kahi o. 1540 ʻAʻohe mea i ʻike ʻia e pili ana i nā makahiki he ʻumi o kona ola ʻana. Aia nā palapala hōʻike no ke komo ʻana o Janequin i ka hopena o nā makahiki 1540. e noho kahunapule na ke Duke Francois de Guise. Ua ola kekahi mau mele i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka lanakila ʻana o ka pūʻali koa a Janequin o ke duke. Mai ka makahiki 1555, lilo ka haku mele i mea mele no ka papa mele aliʻi, a laila ua loaʻa iā ia ka inoa o "ka haku mele mau" o ke aliʻi. ʻOiai ka kaulana o ʻEulopa, ka kūleʻa o kāna mau hana, nā paʻi hou ʻana o nā hōʻiliʻili chanson, ke ʻike nei ʻo Zhanequin i nā pilikia kālā. I ka makahiki 1559, ua kamaʻilio ʻo ia i kahi leka mele i ke aliʻi wahine Farani, kahi āna i hoʻopiʻi pololei ai i ka ʻilihune.

ʻAʻole naʻe nā pilikia o ka noho ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā i ka mea haku mele. ʻO Zhanequin ke ʻano ʻoi loa o ka ʻano Renaissance me kona ʻuhane ʻoluʻolu a me ka manaʻo maikaʻi, aloha i nā hauʻoli honua āpau, a me ka hiki ke ʻike i ka nani i ka honua a puni ia. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā mele a Janequin me ka hana a Rabelais. Loaʻa i ka poʻe pena kiʻi ka momona a me ke kala o ka ʻōlelo (no Zhaneken, ʻaʻole kēia wale ke koho ʻana i nā kikokikona poetic, piha me nā ʻōlelo a ka poʻe i manaʻo maikaʻi ʻia, ʻālohilohi me ka ʻakaʻaka, leʻaleʻa, akā makemake pū kekahi i nā wehewehe kikoʻī kikoʻī. ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā ʻano kiʻi kiʻi a me nā onomatopoeic e hāʻawi i kāna mau hana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo kūikawā a me ka ikaika). ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi ka leo leo kaulana "The Cries of Paris" - kahi kikoʻī, e like me kahi kiʻi keaka o ke ola alanui Parisian. Ma hope o ke ana ʻia ʻana, kahi i nīnau ai ka mea kākau i ka poʻe hoʻolohe inā makemake lākou e hoʻolohe i ka dissonance o ke alanui o Paris, hoʻomaka ka ʻāpana mua o ka hana - kani mau nā leo kono a nā mea kūʻai aku, hoʻololi a hoʻopilikia kekahi i kekahi: "pies, red. waina, herring, kahiko kamaa, artichokes, waiu , beets, cherries, Russian beans, chestnuts, pigeons ... "Ke piʻi wikiwiki nei ka wikiwiki o ka hana, e hana ana i kēia dissonance pua i kahi kiʻi pili me ka hyperbole o" Gargantua ". Hoʻopau ka noʻonoʻo me nā leo: “E hoʻolohe! E hoʻolohe i ka uē o Paris!

Ua hānau ʻia kekahi mau mele mele nani a Janequin ma ke ʻano he pane i nā hanana mōʻaukala koʻikoʻi o kona au. ʻO kekahi o nā hana kaulana loa a ka haku mele, ʻo The Battle, e wehewehe ana i ke kaua ʻo Marignano i Kepakemapa 1515, kahi i lanakila ai nā pūʻali Farani i ka Swiss. Me he mea lā ma nā kāwele kaua o Titian a me Tintoretto, ua kākau ʻia ke kiʻi kani o kahi fresco mele nui. ʻO kāna leittheme - ke kāhea o ka bugle - e holo ana i nā manawa āpau o ka hana. E like me ka wehewehe ʻana i ka manaʻo mele, ʻelua ʻāpana kēia mele: 1h. - hoʻomākaukau no ke kaua, 2 hola - kona wehewehe. Hoʻololi wale i ke ʻano o ke kākau mele, hahai ka mea haku mele i ka kikokikona, e hoʻāʻo ana e haʻi i ka naʻau o nā manawa hope ma mua o ke kaua a me ka manaʻo ikaika o nā koa. Ma ke kiʻi o ke kaua, hoʻohana ʻo Zhanequin i nā mea hou, wiwo ʻole no kona manawa, nā ʻenehana onomatopoeia: nā ʻāpana o nā leo mele e hoʻohālike i ka paʻi ʻana o nā pahu, nā hōʻailona pu, nā pahi kaua.

ʻO ke mele "Battle of Marignano", i lilo i mea ʻike no kona wā, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā mea hoʻohālike ma waena o ko Janequin mau hoa a ma waho o Farani. Ua huli pinepine ka mea haku mele i nā haku mele o kēia ʻano, i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka piʻi ʻana o ke aloha ʻāina ma muli o nā lanakila o Farani ("The Battle of Metz" - 1555 a me "The Battle of Renty" - 1559). Ua ikaika loa ka hopena o ko Janeken mau mele mele aloha ʻāina i ka poʻe hoʻolohe. E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o kekahi o kona mau hoa, "i ka wā i hoʻokō ʻia ai ke "Battle of Marignano" ... ua hopu kēlā me kēia o kēia poʻe i kahi mea kaua a manaʻo i kahi ʻano kaua."

Ma waena o nā kiʻi mele a me nā kiʻi pena kiʻi o ke ʻano a me ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, i hana ʻia e ka polyphony choral, nā mea mahalo i kā Zhanequin talent i koho ʻia ʻo Deer Hunting, onomatopoeic pāʻani Birdsong, The Nightingale a me ke kiʻi komikika Wahine Chatter. ʻO ka manaʻo, ke mele kiʻi, ke ʻano o ke kani ʻana o nā kikoʻī he nui e hoʻāla i nā hui me nā canvases o nā mea pena kiʻi Dutch, nāna i hoʻopili i ka mea nui i nā kikoʻī liʻiliʻi loa i hōʻike ʻia ma ka canvas.

ʻAʻole i ʻike nui ʻia e ka poʻe hoʻolohe nā mele leo o ke keʻena o ka haku mele ma mua o kāna mau haku mele nui. I ka wā mua o kāna hana, ua makemake ʻo Zhanequin i ka mele a Clement Marot, kekahi o nā haku mele punahele a A. Pushkin. Mai ka 1530s chanson i hōʻike ʻia ma nā mele a ka poʻe haku mele o ka "Pleiades" kaulana - ke kaiāulu hoʻomohala o ʻehiku mau mea pena kiʻi maikaʻi i kapa ʻia ko lākou hui ʻana i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka pūʻulu o nā haku mele Alexandrian. I kā lākou hana, ua hoʻopio ʻia ʻo Zhanequin e ka maʻalahi a me ka nani o nā kiʻi, ke mele o ke ʻano, ke ʻano o nā manaʻo. Ua ʻike ʻia nā haku mele ma muli o nā pauku a P. Ronsard, ka "moi o nā haku mele," e like me kona kapa ʻana iā ia, ʻo J. Du Bellay, A. Baif. Ua hoʻomauʻia nā kuʻuna o ka hana kanaka a Janequin ma ke kahua o ka mele polyphonic polyphonic e Guillaume Cotelet a me Claudin de Sermisy.

N. Yavorskaya