He ala e ʻike ai i ka lokahi mele

Ke kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ke mele, loaʻa iā mākou kahi mea kōkua maikaʻi loa - ke koʻokoʻo.

Ke nānā aku nei i kēia kiʻi, ʻo ke kanaka ʻike ʻole i ka heluhelu mele, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoholo maʻalahi i ka wā e piʻi ai ke mele, i ka wā e iho ai, i ka wā e maʻalahi ai kēia neʻe, a i ka wā e lele ai. ʻIke maoli mākou i ka melodically kokoke i kekahi i kekahi a ʻoi aku ka mamao.

Akā ma ke kahua o ka lokahi, ʻokoʻa loa nā mea āpau: nā memo pili, no ka laʻana, i и re ʻAʻohe kani like ʻole, a ʻoi aku ka mamao, no ka laʻana, i и E - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke mele. Ma waena o ka consonant piha ʻehā a me ka ʻelima he tritone dissonant loa. ʻO ka loina o ka lokahi e lilo i "linear" ʻole.

Hiki paha ke kiʻi i kēlā kiʻi ʻike, e nānā ana i kahi, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoholo maʻalahi i ke ʻano o ka "harmonically" ʻelua mau memo i kahi kokoke i kekahi?

 "Valences" o ke kani

E hoʻomanaʻo hou kākou i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ke kani (Fig. 1).

Hōʻike kēlā me kēia laina kūpaʻa ma ka pakuhi i nā harmonics o ke kani. ʻO lākou a pau he mau paʻi o ka leo kumu, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ko lākou mau alapine he 2, 3, 4 ... (a pēlā aku) i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ke alapine o ka leo kumu. ʻO kēlā me kēia harmonic kahi i kapa ʻia kani monochrome, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kani i hoʻokahi alapine o ka oscillation.

Ke pāʻani wale nei mākou i hoʻokahi leka, ke hana maoli nei mākou i kahi helu nui o nā leo monochrome. No ka laʻana, inā hoʻokani ʻia kahi memo no ka octave liilii, nona ka alapine kumu he 220 Hz, i ka manawa like nā leo monochromatic ma nā alapine o 440 Hz, 660 Hz, 880 Hz a pēlā aku (ma kahi o 90 leo i loko o ka laulā hoʻolohe kanaka).

I ka ʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o ka harmonics, e hoʻāʻo mākou e noʻonoʻo pehea e hoʻopili ai i nā kani ʻelua ma ke ala maʻalahi.

ʻO ke ala mua, maʻalahi loa, ʻo ia ka lawe ʻana i ʻelua mau kani ʻokoʻa nā alapine i nā manawa 2 pololei. E ʻike kākou i ke ʻano o ka harmonics, e kau ana i nā kani ma lalo o kekahi (Fig. 2).

ʻIke mākou i loko o kēia hui ʻana, ua like maoli nā kani i kēlā me kēia harmonic lua (hōʻike ʻia nā harmonics like ʻole i ka ʻulaʻula). Loaʻa nā leo ʻelua i nā mea like - 50%. E pili loa lākou i kekahi i kekahi.

ʻO ka hui ʻana o nā leo ʻelua, e like me kāu e ʻike ai, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he wā. Ua kapa ʻia ke kikowaena i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 2 octave.

He mea kūpono ke haʻi ʻokoʻa ʻana i kēlā ʻano manawa "like" me ka octave ʻaʻole ia he pōʻino. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ma ka mōʻaukala, ʻo ke kaʻina hana, ʻoiaʻiʻo, he ʻokoʻa ia: i ka manawa mua ua lohe lākou ua kani like ʻelua mau leo ​​like me ka mālie a me ke kūlike, hoʻopaʻa i ke ʻano o ke kūkulu ʻana i kēlā manawa, a laila kapa ʻia ʻo ia he "octave". ʻO ke ʻano hana ka mea mua, a ʻo ka inoa ka lua.

ʻO ke ala aʻe o ke kamaʻilio ʻana, ʻo ia ka lawe ʻana i ʻelua mau kani, ʻokoʻa nā alapine i nā manawa 3 (Fig. 3).

ʻIke mākou ma ʻaneʻi ua like nā leo ʻelua - kēlā me kēia harmonic ʻekolu. ʻO kēia mau leo ​​ʻelua e pili loa, a ʻo ka waena, e like me ka consonant. Ke hoʻohana nei i ke ʻano mai ka memo mua, hiki iā ʻoe ke helu i ke ana o ka consonance pinepine o ia manawa he 33,3%.

Ua kapa ʻia kēia wā duodecima a i ʻole ka hapalima ma o ka octave.

A ʻo ka hope, ʻo ke kolu o ke ala kamaʻilio, i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mele hou, ʻo ia ka lawe ʻana i ʻelua mau kani me ka ʻokoʻa chatot o 5 mau manawa (Fig. 4).

ʻAʻole loaʻa ka inoa ponoʻī o ia manawa, hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo ke kolu ma hope o ʻelua octaves, akā naʻe, e like me kā mākou e ʻike nei, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka consonance o kēia hui ʻana - ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻelima harmonic coincides.

No laila, ʻekolu mau pilina maʻalahi ma waena o nā memo - he octave, duodecim a me ke kolu ma o ʻelua octaves. E kapa mākou i kēia mau intervals basic. E lohe kākou i ko lākou kani.

Audio 1. Octave

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Audio 2. Duodecima

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Audio 3. ʻO ke kolu ma o ka octave

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Consonant maoli nō. I loko o kēlā me kēia manawa, ʻo ka leo kiʻekiʻe ke ʻano o nā harmonics o lalo a ʻaʻole hoʻohui i kekahi leo monochrome hou i kona kani. No ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, e hoʻolohe kākou i ke kani ʻana o kekahi leka i a me nā memo ʻehā: i, he leo octave, he leo duodecimal, a he leo i oi aku ma ka hapakolu o kela a me keia elua octaves.

Leo 4. kani i

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Audio 5. Chord: CCSE

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Ke lohe nei mākou, liʻiliʻi ka ʻokoʻa, "hoʻonui ʻia" kekahi mau harmonics o ke kani kumu.

Akā, hoʻi i nā wā maʻamau.

Wahi lehulehu

Inā mākou e koho i kekahi memo (no ka laʻana, i), a laila ʻo nā memo i loaʻa hoʻokahi ʻanuʻu kumu mai ia mea ʻo ia ka "harmonically" kokoke loa iā ia. ʻO ka mea kokoke loa, ʻo ia ka octave, ʻoi iki ka duodecimal, a ma hope o lākou - ʻo ke kolu ma o ʻelua octaves.

Eia kekahi, no kēlā me kēia wā kumu, hiki iā mākou ke hana i kekahi mau ʻanuʻu. No ka laʻana, hiki iā mākou ke kūkulu i kahi kani octave, a laila lawe i kahi ʻanuʻu octave hou mai ia mea. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono e hoʻonui ʻia ke alapine o ke kani kumu i ka 2 (loaʻa iā mākou ke kani octave), a laila hoʻonui hou ʻia me 2 (loaʻa iā mākou he octave mai kahi octave). ʻO ka hopena, he kani ka 4 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke kumu. Ma ke kiʻi, e like me kēia (Fig. 5).

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia me kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu aʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kani. Ke neʻe hou aku nei mākou mai ka consonance.

Eia naʻe, ma ʻaneʻi mākou e kālailai i ke kumu i lawe ai mākou i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka 2, 3 a me 5 ma ke ʻano he mau wā kumu, a lele i ka hoʻonui ʻana me 4. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana me ka 4 ʻaʻole ia he kauā kumu, no ka mea hiki iā mākou ke kiʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wā kumu. I kēia hihia, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka 4 he ʻelua ʻanuʻu octave.

ʻOkoʻa ke kūlana me nā wā kumu: ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou mai nā wā kumu ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole hiki, ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka 2 a me 3, ʻaʻole e loaʻa ka helu 5 ponoʻī, ʻaʻole hoʻi i kekahi o kona mana. Ma keʻano, "perpendicular" nā kikowaena kumu i kekahi i kekahi.

E ho'āʻo kākou e kiʻi.

E kahakii kakou i ekolu ko'i ku'e (Fig. 6). No kēlā me kēia o lākou, e hoʻolālā mākou i ka helu o nā ʻanuʻu no kēlā me kēia wā kumu: ma ke koʻi i kuhikuhi ʻia iā mākou, ka helu o nā ʻanuʻu octave, ma ke koʻi ākea, nā ʻanuʻu duodecimal, a ma ke koʻi kūpaʻa, nā ʻanuʻu tertian.

E kapa ʻia kēlā palapala wahi o ka lehulehu.

ʻO ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kahi ākea ʻekolu ma luna o kahi mokulele he mea maʻalahi, akā e hoʻāʻo mākou.

Ma ke axis, i kuhikuhi ʻia iā mākou, hoʻokaʻawale mākou i nā octaves. No ka mea ua kapa ʻia nā memo āpau i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i kahi octave, ʻo kēia axis ka mea hoihoi ʻole iā mākou. Akā ʻo ka mokulele, i hana ʻia e ka duodecimal (ʻelima) a me nā koʻi tertian, e nānā pono mākou (Fig. 7).

Eia nā memo i hōʻike ʻia me nā koi, inā pono, hiki ke koho ʻia e like me enharmonic (ʻo ia hoʻi, like ke kani) me nā papa.

E hana hou kakou i ka hana ana o keia mokulele.

Ma hope o ke koho ʻana i kekahi memo, hoʻokahi ʻanuʻu ma ka ʻākau o ia mea, kau mākou i ka memo ʻo ia ka duodecime kiʻekiʻe, ma ka hema - hoʻokahi duodecim haʻahaʻa. Ke lawe nei i ʻelua mau ʻanuʻu i ka ʻākau, loaʻa iā mākou ka duodecyma mai duodecyma. No ka laʻana, e lawe ana i ʻelua mau ʻanuʻu duodecimal mai ka memo i, loaʻa iā mākou kahi leka re.

Hoʻokahi ʻanuʻu ma ke koʻi kū i ke kolu ma o ʻelua octaves. Ke piʻi mākou i luna ma ke axis, ʻo ke kolu kēia ma o ʻelua octaves i luna, ke iho mākou i lalo, waiho ʻia kēia wā.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hele mai kēlā me kēia memo a ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao.

E ʻike kākou i ka hana ʻana o kēia papahana.

Koho mākou i kahi memo. Ka hana ʻana i nā ʻanuʻu mai nā memo, loaʻa iā mākou kahi memo me ka liʻiliʻi o ka consonant me ka mea kumu. No laila, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā memo mai kekahi i kekahi ma kēia wahi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka manawa consonant. ʻO nā memo kokoke loa he mau hoalauna ma ka axis octave (ʻo ia hoʻi, e kuhikuhi ʻia ana iā mākou), ma kahi liʻiliʻi - nā hoalauna ma ka duodecimal, a ʻoi aku hoʻi - ma nā terts.

No ka laʻana, e kiʻi mai ka memo i a hiki i ka palapala kou, pono mākou e hana i hoʻokahi hana duodecimal (loaʻa iā mākou paʻakai), a laila hoʻokahi huaʻōlelo, i kēlā me kēia, i ka wā hopena hana-ae e emi ka consonant ma mua o ka duodecime a i ʻole ke kolu.

Inā like nā "mamao" i ka PC, a laila e like nā consonances o nā manawa kūpono. ʻO ka mea wale nō e poina ʻole ai mākou e pili ana i ka axis octave, i ʻike ʻole ʻia i nā kūkulu āpau.

ʻO kēia kiʻi e hōʻike ana i ka pili o nā memo i kekahi i kekahi "harmonically". Ma luna o kēia kumumanaʻo he mea kūpono ke noʻonoʻo i nā kūkulu harmonic āpau.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke heluhelu hou aʻe e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i kēia ma "Ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana mele"ʻAe, e kamaʻilio mākou no ia manawa aʻe.

Mea kākau – Roman Oleinikov