Alexander Dmitrievich Kastalsky |
ʻO Alexander Kastalsky
ʻO ka haku mele Lūkini, ka mea alakaʻi hīmeni, ka mea noiʻi o ka moʻolelo mele Lūkini; kekahi o nā mea hoʻomaka o ka mea i kapa ʻia. "ke kuhikuhi hou" i nā mele kapu Lūkini o ka hopena o ka 19th - i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 20. Ua hānau ʻia ma Moscow i ka lā 16 o Nowemapa (28), 1856 i loko o ka ʻohana o kahi kahuna pule. I ka makahiki 1876-1881 ua a'o 'o ia ma ka Moscow Conservatory, akā ua ho'opau 'o ia i ka papa ma hope o nā makahiki he nui - i ka makahiki 1893 ma ka papa haku mele o SI Taneev. No kekahi manawa, ua aʻo a alakaʻi ʻo ia i nā papa himeni like ʻole ma nā panalāʻau. Mai ka makahiki 1887 he kumu piano oia ma ke Kula Synodal of Church Singing, alaila, he kokua alakai oia no ka Synodal Choir, mai ka makahiki 1900 mai he alakai oia, mai ka makahiki 1910 mai oia ke alakai o ke Kula Synodal a me ka papa himeni. Ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻia ʻana o ke kula i ka People's Choir Academy i ka makahiki 1918, ua alakaʻi ʻo ia iā ia a pani ʻia i ka makahiki 1923. Mai ka makahiki 1922, he kumu ʻo ia ma ka Moscow Conservatory, dean o ke alakaʻi alakaʻi a me ke keʻena mele, a me ke poʻo o ke keʻena o nā mele mele. . Ua make ʻo Kastalsky ma Moscow i ka lā 17 o Dekemaba, 1926.
ʻO Kastalsky ka mea kākau ma kahi o 200 mau hana laʻa a me nā hoʻonohonoho ʻana, i hoʻokumu i ke kumu o ka papa mele (a me ka nui o ka ʻaha mele) repertoire o ka Synodal Choir i nā makahiki 1900. ʻO ka mea haku mele ka mea mua i hōʻoia i ke ʻano o ka hui ʻana o nā oli Lūkini kahiko me nā ʻano o ka polyphony kanaka mahiʻai, a me nā kuʻuna i ulu ʻia ma ka hana kliros, a me ka ʻike o ke kula haku mele Lūkini. I ka manawa pinepine, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Kastalsky ʻo "Vasnetsov i ke mele", e pili ana i ka pena kiʻi a VM Vasnetsov o ka Vladimir Cathedral ma Kyiv, ka mea i hoʻihoʻi i nā kuʻuna o ka fresco monumental i ke ʻano aupuni: ke ʻano o nā mele kapu o Kastalsky, kahi o ka laina ma waena. ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā oli kuʻuna a me ke kākau ʻana ma ko lākou ʻuhane, i hōʻailona pū ʻia e ka objectivity a me ke koʻikoʻi. Ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi o ke Kula ʻo Synodal, ua hoʻokō ʻo Kastalsky i kāna hoʻololi ʻana i ka Academy of Church Music, me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā papahana i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka pae o ka conservatory.
ʻO kahi alakaʻi koʻikoʻi o kāna hana ʻo ia ka "hoʻihoʻi mele": ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i ke kūkulu hou ʻana i ka hana liturgical Russian kahiko "The Cave Action"; i ka pōʻai "From Past Ages" hōʻike ʻia ke kiʻi o ka Hikina Kahiko, Hellas, Ancient Rome, Judea, Russia, etc. Ua hana ʻo Kastalsky i kahi cantata-requiem monumental no nā soloists, choir and orchestra "Fraternal Commemoration of the Heroes Who Fallen in the Great War" (1916; no ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nā koa o nā pūʻali koa hui o ke Kaua Honua Mua ma Russian, Latin, English and nā kikokikona ʻē aʻe; ʻo ka paʻi ʻelua no ka hui mele me ka ʻole o ka hui ʻana - "Eternal Memory" i ka ʻōlelo Slavonic Church o ka hana hoʻomanaʻo, 1917). ʻO ka mea kākau o nā himeni i haku pono ʻia no ka noho aliʻi ʻana o Patriarch Tikhon ma ka ʻAha Kūkākūkā o ka Ekalesia Orthodox Lūkini ma 1917–1918. Ma waena o nā hana honua, ʻo ia ka opera Klara Milich ma hope o Turgenev (1907, hoʻokani ʻia ma ka ʻOpera Zimin ma 1916), nā mele e pili ana i ka Motherland i nā pauku a nā haku mele Lūkini no ka hui mele ʻole (1901–1903). ʻO Kastalsky ka mea kākau o nā hana theoretical Peculiarities of the Russian Folk Musical System (1923) a me Fundamentals of Folk Polyphony (i paʻi ʻia ma 1948). Ma kāna hoʻomaka, ua hoʻokomo mua ʻia ka papa mele mele ma ke kula ʻo Synodal, a laila ma ka Conservatory Moscow.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 1920, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Kastalsky no kekahi manawa e hoʻokō i nā "koi o ka wā hou" a hana i kekahi mau hana i kūleʻa ʻole no ka papa mele a me ka orchestra o nā mea kani, "Agricultural Symphony", etc., a me nā hoʻonohonoho o ka Soviet "revolutionary" mele. No ka manawa lōʻihi, ua poina loa kāna hana ʻuhane ma kona ʻāina hānau; I kēia lā, ʻike ʻia ʻo Kastalsky ma ke ʻano he haku o ka "ʻano hou" i nā mele halepule Lūkini.
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