Puka Helene kahiko |
ʻO nā ʻano Helene kahiko nā ʻōnaehana o nā ʻano melodic i ke mele o Helene kahiko, ʻaʻole i ʻike i ka polyphony i ke ʻano hou. ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻōnaehana modal he tetrachords (i ka hoʻomaka wale ʻana i nā mea iho). Ma muli o ka haku mele ʻana o nā tetrachords, hoʻokaʻawale nā Helene i 3 mau ʻano, a i ʻole genera (genn): diatonic, chromatic a me enharmonic (hōʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa me kekahi mau maʻalahi):
ʻO ia hoʻi, diatonic. ʻO nā tetrachords he 3 mau ʻano, ʻokoʻa i kahi o nā kekona nui a me nā kekona liʻiliʻi:
Ua ala mai nā ʻano fret o kahi ʻano kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano he hui pū ʻana o nā tetrachords. ʻElua mau kumumanaʻo o ka hui ʻana: "fused" (synapn) me ka hui ʻana o nā leo pili i nā tetrachords (e laʻa, d1-c1 - h - a, a - g - f - e) a me "kaʻawale" (diasenxis), me ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā leo pili e ka leo holoʻokoʻa (e laʻa, e1 – d1 – c1 – h, a – g – f – e). ʻO ka mea nui loa o nā hui o nā tetrachords he octave modes (ka mea i kapa ʻia "ʻano octaves" a i ʻole armoniai - "harmonies"). Ua manaʻo ʻia nā frets nui ʻo Dorian, Phrygian a me Lydian, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo to-rye ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ʻelua mau leka. ʻano like nā tetrachords; Ua unuhi ʻia ʻo Mixolydian ("Mixed-Lydian") ma ke ʻano he hui kūikawā o Lydian tetrachords.
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao - ua hana ʻia nā hypolades mai nā mea nui ma ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana i nā tetrachords a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka pālākiō i ka octave (ʻaʻole i kūlike nā inoa o nā ʻano Helene me nā mea hope o ʻEulopa). Papahana o ehiku octave mode:
ʻIke piha i nā Helene ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana modal e hōʻike maʻamau i ka sustnma teleion - "ʻōnaehana kūpono (ʻo ia hoʻi) piha". Aia ma lalo ka mea i kapa ʻia. ʻōnaehana "paʻa" (a i ʻole "non-modulating") - ametabolon:
Loaʻa nā ʻanuʻu inoa mai kahi o ka unuhi ʻana i kahi leo i hāʻawi ʻia ma nā kaula. mea kani cithara. Hōʻike ka ʻike o nā inoa o nā ʻanuʻu i loko o kahi octave (e laʻa, vntn pili i ka a1 a me ka e1) e hōʻike ana i ke kumu tetrachordal (a ʻaʻole octave) o ext. ʻano o ka ʻōnaehana. ʻO Dr. kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka ʻōnaehana kūpono - ʻike ʻia ka metabolon e ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi "retractable" tetrachord synnmmenon (lit. - pili) dl - c1 - b - a, hoʻonui i ka leo o ka ʻōnaehana.
Ke hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻōnaehana kūpono i nā pae ʻē aʻe, i kapa ʻia. nā unahi transpositional, me ke kōkua o ka mea i hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka laulā like (lyre, cithara) dec. nā unahi modal (tonoi – kī).
ʻO nā frets a me nā genera (a me nā mele) i hāʻawi ʻia e nā Helene i kekahi ʻano ("ethos"). No laila, ʻo ke ʻano Dorian (nā naʻaupō - kekahi o nā ʻohana Helene ʻōiwi) i manaʻo ʻia he koʻikoʻi, wiwo ʻole, ʻoi aku ka waiwai nui; Phrygian (Phrygia a me Lydia - nā ʻāpana o Asia Minor) - hauʻoli, makemake nui, Bacchic:
Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka chromatic a me ka anharmonic. ʻokoʻa ka genera i nā mele Helene mai ʻEulopa ma hope. ʻO ka Diatonism, ka mea i lanakila ma ka hope, aia i waena o ka poʻe Helene, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea nui loa, akā hoʻokahi wale nō o nā ʻano leo ʻekolu. poepoe. He waiwai o nā hiki melodic. Ua hōʻike pū ʻia ka intonation i nā ʻano hui like ʻole, ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā "colors" intonational (xpoai), ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau ʻano kūikawā.
Helene ka ʻōnaehana o nā ʻano i hoʻololi ʻia i ka wā kahiko. ʻO nā frets kahiko loa o nā mea kahiko. ʻO Helene, ʻike ʻia, pili pū me ka pae pentatonic, i ʻike ʻia i ke kani ʻana o ka archaic. kaulahao. mea paahana. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana o nā ʻano a me nā inclinations i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke kumu o nā tetrachords i hoʻomohala ʻia i ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka laulā modal.
E hoʻomaopopo ': Plato, Politics or the State, Op., Part III, trans. mai Helene, vol. 3, Sana Peteroboro, 1863, § 398, p. 164-67; Aristotle, Politics, trans. mai Helene, M., 1911, puke. VIII, mok. 7, p. 372-77; Plutarch, On Music, trans. mai Helene, P., 1922; Anonymous, Introduction to the harmonica, Preliminary remarks, translation and explain, notes by GA Ivanov, “Philological Review”, 1894, vol. VII, buke. 1-2; Petr BI, Ma nā haku mele, nā hale a me nā ʻano o nā mele Helene kahiko, K., 1901; Ka poʻe noʻonoʻo kahiko e pili ana i ke kiʻi, comp. Asmus BF, M., 1937; Gruber RI, Moʻolelo o ka moʻomeheu mele, vol. 1, hapa 1, M.-L., 1941; Nani mele kahiko. Komo. ʻatikala a me ka hōʻiliʻili o nā kikokikona e AF Losev. ʻŌlelo mua a me ka hoʻoponopono nui. VP Shestakova, M., 1960; Gertsman EB, Ka ʻike ʻana i nā wahi kani kani like ʻole i ka noʻonoʻo mele kahiko, "Bulletin of Ancient History", 1971, No 4; Bellermann, F., Die Tonleitern und Musiknoten der Griechen, B., 1847; Westphal R., Harmonik und Melopüe der Griechen, Lpz., 1864; ʻO Gevaert fr. A., Histoire et théorie de la musique de l'antiquité, v. 1-2, Gand, 1875-81; Riemann H., Katechismus der Musikgeschichte, Bd 1, Lpz., 1888; pyc. trans., M., 1896; Monro DB, Na ano mele Helene kahiko, Oxf., 1894; Abert H., Die Lehre vom Ethos in der griechischen Musik, Lpz., 1899; Sachs C., Die Musik der Antike, Potsdam, 1928; pyc. per. otd. mokuna malalo o ke poo. "Musical-theoretical views and instruments of the ancient Greeks", in Sat: Musical culture of the ancient world, L., 1937; Gombosi O., Tonarten und Stimmungen der antiken Musik, Kph., 1939; Ursprung O., Die antiken Transpositionsskalen und die Kirchentöne, “AfMf”, 1940, Jahrg. 5, H. 3, S. 129-52; Dzhudzhev S., Theory on Bulgarian folk music, vol. 2, Sofia, 1955; Husmann, H., Grundlagen der antiken und orientalischen Musikkultur, B., 1961.
ʻO Yu. H. Kholopov
