Birgit Nilsson |

Birgit Nilsson

ʻO Birgit Nilsson he mea hoʻokani keaka Kuekene a me ka soprano dramatic. ʻO kekahi o nā mele opera kaulana loa o ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia 20. Ua loaʻa iā ia ka mahalo kūikawā ma ke ʻano he unuhi ʻōlelo koʻikoʻi o ka mele a Wagner. I ke kiʻekiʻe o kāna ʻoihana, ua hoʻohauʻoli ʻo Nilsson i ka mana hoʻoikaika ʻole o kona leo i hoʻopiʻi i ka orkestra, a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana o ka hanu, i hiki ai iā ia ke paʻa i kahi leka no ka manawa lōʻihi. Ma waena o nā hoa hana, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia no kona ʻano pāʻani ʻakaʻaka a me ke ʻano alakaʻi.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Marta Birgit Nilsson ma Mei 17, 1918 i loko o kahi ʻohana mahiʻai a ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i kona wā kamaliʻi a pau ma kahi mahiʻai ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Vestra Karup, ma ka ʻāina ʻo Skane, 100 mau kilomita mai ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Malmö. ʻAʻohe uila a me ka wai kahe ma ka mahiʻai, e like me nā keiki mahiʻai a pau, mai kona wā liʻiliʻi ua kōkua ʻo ia i kona mau mākua e hoʻokele i ka hale - kanu a hōʻiliʻili i nā mea kanu, ka waiū bipi, mālama i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe a hana i nā hana pono o ka hale. ʻO ia wale nō ke keiki i loko o ka ʻohana, a ua manaʻo ka makuakāne o Birgit ʻo Nils Peter Swenson e lilo ʻo ia i pani ma kēia hana. Ua makemake ʻo Birgit i ka hīmeni ʻana mai kona wā kamaliʻi, a ma kāna mau ʻōlelo ponoʻī, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hīmeni ma mua o ka hiki ʻana iā ia ke hele, ua hoʻoili ʻo ia i kāna talena mai kona makuahine ʻo Justina Paulson, nona ka leo nani a ʻike i ka pāʻani ʻana i ka accordion. I ka hā o kāna lā hānau, hāʻawi ʻo Birgit, he limahana hoʻolimalima a kokoke he lālā o ka ʻohana Otto, i kahi piano pāʻani iā ​​ia, me ka ʻike ʻana i kona hoihoi i ke mele, hāʻawi koke kona makuakāne iā ia i kahi okana. Haʻaheo loa nā mākua i ke kālena o kā lāua kaikamahine, a hīmeni pinepine ʻo ia i nā ʻahamele home no nā malihini, nā lā hoʻomaha kauhale a me ke kula haʻahaʻa. I kona wā ʻōpio, mai ka makahiki 14 mai, ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i loko o kahi papa mele o ka hale pule a ma kahi hui keaka amateur ma ke kūlanakauhale kokoke o Bastad. Ua huki ʻo Kantor i ka manaʻo i kona hiki a hōʻike iā Birgit i kahi kumu hīmeni a me ke mele mai ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Astorp Ragnar Blenov, nāna i ʻike koke i kona hiki a ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "E lilo ka wahine ʻōpio i mea mele maikaʻi." I ka makahiki 1939, ua aʻo ʻo ia i ke mele me ia a ua aʻo ʻo ia iā ia e hoʻomohala hou i kona hiki.

I ka makahiki 1941, komo ʻo Birgit Nilsson i ka Royal Academy of Music ma Stockholm. Ua kū'ē ka makua kāne i kēia koho, ua manaʻoʻo ia e hoʻomauʻo Birgit i kāna hana a hoʻoili i kā lākou hoʻokele waiwai ikaika, ua hōʻoleʻo ia e uku no kāna aʻoʻana. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kālā no ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana e ka makuahine mai kāna waihona pilikino. ʻO ka mea pōʻino,ʻaʻole i hiki iā Justina ke hauʻoli piha i ka holomua o kāna kaikamahine, i ka makahiki 1949, ua paʻiʻo ia i kahi kaʻa, ua hoʻopau kēia hanana iā Birgit, akā ua hoʻoikaika i ko lāua pilina me kona makuakāne.

I ka makahiki 1945, ʻoiai e aʻo ana i ke kula, ua hui ʻo Birgit iā Bertil Niklason, he haumāna ma ke kula holoholona holoholona, ​​​​ma ke kaʻaahi, ua aloha koke lāua a ʻaʻole koke ua noi ʻo ia iā ia, i ka makahiki 1948 ua male lāua. Ua noho pū ʻo Birgit lāua ʻo Bertil i ko lāua ola a pau. Ua hele pū ʻo ia me ia i kekahi mau huakaʻi a puni ka honua, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o kona noho ʻana a hana ma ka home. ʻAʻole makemake nui ʻo Bertil i ka mele, akā naʻe, manaʻoʻiʻo mau ʻo ia i ke kālena a kāna wahine a kākoʻo iā Birgit i kāna hana, e like me kāna kākoʻo ʻana i kāna hana. ʻAʻole ʻo Birgit i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ma ka home me kāna kāne: "Hiki i kēia mau unahi pau ʻole ke hoʻopau i ka hapa nui o nā male, a i ʻole ka hapa nui o nā aʻalolo," wahi āna. Ma ka home, loaʻa iā ia ka maluhia a hiki iā ia ke kaʻana like i kona mau manaʻo me Bertil, mahalo ʻo ia i ka hana ʻana iā ia e like me ka wahine maʻamau, ʻaʻole hoʻi i kau i kahi "opera diva" ma kahi paepae. ʻAʻohe a lāua keiki.

Ma ka Royal Academy, ʻo Joseph Hislop lāua ʻo Arne Sanegard nā kumu leo ​​o Birgit Nilsson. Akā naʻe, ua manaʻo ʻo ia iā ia iho i aʻo iā ia iho a ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "ʻO ke kumu maikaʻi loa ke kahua." Ua minamina ʻo ia i kāna hoʻonaʻauao mua ʻana a ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia i kāna kūleʻa i ke kālena kūlohelohe: "Ua aneane e pepehi kaʻu kumu hīmeni mua iaʻu, ʻo ka lua ua aneane ʻino."

ʻO ka hoʻomaka mua o Birgit Nilsson ma ke kahua opera i hana ʻia ma ka Royal Opera House ma Stockholm i ka makahiki 1946, ma ke kuleana o Agatha ma KM Weber's "Free Shooter", ua kono ʻia ʻo ia i ʻekolu lā ma mua o ka hana e pani i ka mea hana maʻi. Ua hauʻoli loa ʻo Conductor Leo Blech i kāna hana, a no kekahi manawa ʻaʻole i hilinaʻi ʻia ʻo ia i nā kuleana ʻē aʻe. I ka makahiki aʻe (1947) ua holo maikaʻi ʻo ia i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, i kēia manawa ua lawa ka manawa, hoʻomākaukau ʻo ia me ka maikaʻi a maikaʻi hoʻi i hoʻokō i ke poʻo inoa ma Verdi's Lady Macbeth ma lalo o ka pahu o Fritz Busch. Ua lanakila 'o ia i ka ho'ohanohano 'ia e ka po'e o Suedena a loa'a iā ia kahi pa'a ma ka hui keaka. Ma Stockholm, ua hana ʻo ia i kahi repertoire paʻa o nā hana lyric-dramatic, me Donna Anna mai Mozart's Don Giovanni, Verdi's Aida, Puccini's Tosca, Sieglind mai Wagner's Valkyrie, Marshall mai Strauss's The Rosenkavalier a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻokani ana iā lākou ma Suedena. ʻōlelo.

ʻO kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana honua a Birgit Nilsson i hoʻokani ʻia e Fritz Busch, nāna i hōʻike iā ia ma ka Glyndebourne Opera Festival ma 1951 ʻo Elektra mai Mozart's Idomeneo, King of Crete. I ka makahiki 1953, ua ho'omaka 'o Nilsson i kona ho'omaka 'ana ma ka Vienna State Opera - he wahi huli ia i kāna 'oihana, e ho'okani mau 'o ia ma laila no nā makahiki he 25. Ua ukali ʻia e nā kuleana o Elsa o Brabant ma Wagner's Lohengrin ma ka Bayreuth Festival a me kāna Brunnhilde mua i ka holo piha o Der Ring des Nibelungen ma ka Bavarian State Opera. I ka makahiki 1957, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kāna hana mua ma Covent Garden ma ka hana like.

ʻO kekahi o nā hanana nui loa i ke ola hoʻomohala o Birgit Nilsson e noʻonoʻo i ke kono i ka wehe ʻana i ka manawa opera ma La Scala ma 1958, ma ke ʻano o ke Kamāliʻiwahine Turandot G. Puccini, i kēlā manawa ʻo ia ka lua o ka mea mele ʻaʻole Italia ma. moʻolelo ma hope o Maria Callas, ka mea i hāʻawi ʻia i ka wehe ʻana o ka manawa ma La Scala. I ka makahiki 1959, ua hana mua ʻo Nilsson i ka ʻOpera Metropolitan ma ke ʻano he Isolde ma Wagner's Tristan und Isolde, a ua lanakila ʻo ia i ka soprano Norewai ʻo Kirsten Flagstad ma ka repertoire a Wagner.

ʻO Birgit Nilsson ke poʻokela Wagnerian soprano o kona lā. Eia nō naʻe, ua hana ʻo ia i nā hana kaulana ʻē aʻe, ma ka huina o kāna repertoire aia ma mua o 25 mau hana. Ua hana ʻo ia ma kahi kokoke i nā hale opera nui ma ka honua, me Moscow, Vienna, Berlin, Lākana, New York, Paris, Milan, Chicago, Tokyo, Hamburg, Munich, Florence, Buenos Aires a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. E like me nā mele mele a pau, ma waho aʻe o nā hana keaka, hāʻawi ʻo Birgit Nilsson i nā ʻaha mele. ʻO kekahi o nā hana'ahamele kaulana loa a Birgit Nilsson,ʻo ia ka'ahamele me ka Sydney Symphony Orchestra i alakaʻiʻia e Charles Mackeras me ka papahana "All Wagner". ʻO kēia ka ʻaha mele hoʻomaka mua loa o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻO Sydney Opera House ma 1973 ma ke alo o Queen Elizabeth II.

He lō'ihi loa ka 'oihana o Birgit Nilsson, hana 'o ia ma ka honua holo'oko'a no ka aneane kanahā makahiki. I ka makahiki 1982, ua hana ʻo Birgit Nilsson i kona helehelena hope loa ma ke kahua opera ma Frankfurt am Main ma ke ʻano he Elektra. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia kahi haʻalele koʻikoʻi i ke kahua me ka opera "Woman Without a Shadow" na R. Strauss ma ka Vienna State Opera, akā naʻe, ua kāpae ʻo Birgit i ka hana. No laila, ʻo ka hana ma Frankfurt ka mea hope loa ma ke kahua opera. I ka makahiki 1984, ua hana ʻo ia i kāna huakaʻi ʻaha mele hope loa ma Kelemānia a haʻalele i nā mele nui. Ua hoʻi ʻo Birgit Nilsson i kona ʻāina hānau a hoʻomau i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻaha mele aloha, e pili ana i nā poʻe mele ʻōpio, no ka hui mele kūloko, i hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 1955 a lilo i mea kaulana me nā mea aloha opera. Ua mālama ʻo ia i kāna ʻaha mele hope loa ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokipa ma 2001.

Ua noho lōʻihi ʻo Birgit Nilsson. Ua hala ʻo ia me ka maluhia ma kona home ma ka lā 25 o Dekemaba, 2005, i ka makahiki 87. Ke hoʻomau nei kāna mele i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea hoʻokani, nā mea pā a me nā mea aloha keaka a puni ka honua.

Mahalo nui ʻia ka maikaʻi o Birgit Nilsson e nā mokuʻāina a me nā makana lehulehu mai nā ʻāina like ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Suedena, Denmark, Farani, Kelemānia, Austria, Norewai, USA, ʻEnelani, Sepania a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. He lālā hanohano ʻo ia no kekahi mau kula mele a me nā hui. Ke hoʻolālā nei ʻo Sweden e hoʻopuka i kahi waihona kālā 2014-krona ma 500 me kahi kiʻi o Birgit Nilsson.

Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo Birgit Nilsson i kālā no ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā poʻe mele ʻōpio Suedena a koho iā lākou i haʻawina mai ka waihona kālā. Hāʻawi ʻia ka haʻawina mua ma 1973 a hoʻomau ʻia e uku ʻia ma ke kumu hoʻomau a hiki i kēia manawa. Ua hoʻonohonoho ke kahua hoʻokahi i ka "Birgit Nilsson Award", i manaʻo ʻia no kahi kanaka i loaʻa, ma ke ʻano ākea, kahi mea kupaianaha i ka honua o ka opera. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia makana i kēlā me kēia 2-3 makahiki, hoʻokahi miliona kālā a ʻo ia ka makana nui loa ma ke mele. Wahi a ka makemake o Birgit Nilsson, ua hoʻomaka ka makana e hāʻawi ʻia i ʻekolu makahiki ma hope o kona make ʻana, ua koho ʻo ia i ka mea nona ka mua a lilo ʻo ia ʻo Placido Domingo, he mele nui a me kāna hoa ma ke kahua opera, i loaʻa ka makana ma 2009 mai. na lima o ka Moi Charles XVI o Suedena. ʻO ka lua i loaʻa ka makana i ka makahiki 2011 ʻo ia ke alakaʻi ʻo Riccardo Muti.