Etienne Mehul |

Etienne Mehul

"Haʻaheo ka poʻe hoʻokūkū iā ʻoe, mahalo kou mau makahiki iā ʻoe, kāhea nā mamo iā ʻoe." ʻO kēia ke ʻano o Megül i kamaʻilio ʻia e kāna mea hou, ka mea kākau o ka Marseillaise, ʻo Rouget de Lisle. Hoʻolaʻa ʻo L. Cherubini i kāna hoa hana i ka hana maikaʻi loa - ka opera "Medea" - me ka palapala: "Citizen Megul." "Me kāna kākoʻo a me kāna hoaaloha," e like me ka ʻōlelo ʻana a Megül iā ia iho, ua hoʻohanohano ʻia ʻo ia e ka mea hoʻoponopono nui o ke kahua opera KV Gluck. ʻO ka hana hana a me ka pilikanaka o ka mea hoʻokani pila i hāʻawi ʻia i ka Order of the Legion of Honor, i loaʻa mai ka lima o Napoleon. ʻEhia ka manaʻo o kēia kanaka i ka lāhui Farani - kekahi o nā mea mele nui loa o ka Great French Revolution o ke kenekulia XNUMX - ua hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻolewa ʻana o Megul, i hopena i kahi hōʻike nui.

Ua hana ʻo Megül i kāna mau ʻanuʻu mua i ke mele ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a kahi mea hoʻokani mele kūloko. Mai ka 1775, ma ka abbey o La Vale-Dieu, kokoke i Givet, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi hoʻonaʻauao mele maʻamau, alakaʻi ʻia e V. Ganzer. ʻO ka hope, i ka makahiki 1779, aia ma Paris, ua hoʻopau ʻo ia i kāna hoʻonaʻauao ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Gluck lāua ʻo F. Edelman. ʻO ka hui mua me Gluck, i wehewehe ʻia e Megül iā ia iho he mea hoʻomākeʻakaʻaka, ua hana ʻia i loko o ke aʻo ʻana o ka mea hoʻoponopono, kahi i hele malu ai ka mea hoʻokani pila e nānā i ke ʻano o ka hana a ka mea pena.

ʻO ke ola a me ka hana a Megül e pili kokoke ana i nā hanana moʻomeheu a me ka mōʻaukala i hana ʻia ma Paris i ka hopena o 1793th a me 1790th mau kenekulia. Ua hoʻoholo ke au o ka Revolution i ke ʻano o nā hana mele a me ka pilikanaka a ka haku mele. Me kona mau hoa kaulana F. Gossec, J. Lesueur, Ch. ʻO Catel, A. Burton, A. Jaden, B. Sarret, hana ʻo ia i nā mele no nā hoʻolauleʻa a me nā ʻoliʻoli o ka Revolution. Ua koho ʻia ʻo Megül i lālā o ka Music Guard (Sarret's orchestra), hoʻoikaika ikaika i ka hana a ka National Music Institute mai ka lā i hoʻokumu ʻia ai (XNUMX) a ma hope aku, me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka institute i kahi conservatory, ua aʻo ʻo ia i kahi papa haku mele. . I ka makahiki XNUMX, ua kū mai kāna mau opera he nui. I loko o nā makahiki o ka Napoleonic Empire a me ka Hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana ma hope mai, ua ʻike ʻo Megül i ka manaʻo e piʻi mau ana o ka manaʻo hoʻomohala, e nalowale ana ka hoihoi i nā hana kaiaulu. Noho ʻia e nā haumāna conservatory wale nō (ʻo ka mea nui loa ma waena o lākou ka mea haku mele ʻo F. Herold) a ... pua. ʻO Megül kahi mea kanu pua nani, ʻike ʻia ma Paris ma ke ʻano he connoisseur maikaʻi a me ka mea hānai tulip.

Nui loa ka hoʻoilina mele a Megül. Loaʻa iā ia he 45 operas, 5 ballets, mele no nā hana hoʻokani, cantatas, 2 symphonies, piano a me violin sonatas, he helu nui o nā leo a me nā hana orchestral i ke ʻano o nā mele mele nui. Ua komo nā mele mele a Megül i ka mōʻaukala o ka moʻomeheu mele. Ma kāna mau mele mele mele maikaʻi loa (Ephrosine a me Coraden - 1790, Stratonika - 1792, Joseph - 1807), hahai ka mea haku mele i ke ala i kuhikuhi ʻia e kona poʻe kahiko kahiko - nā mele mele ʻo Gretry, Monsigny, Gluck. ʻO Megül kekahi o ka mea mua i hōʻike me ke mele i kahi hoʻolālā hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi, kahi honua paʻakikī a ikaika o nā manaʻo kanaka, ko lākou mau ʻokoʻa a me nā manaʻo pilikanaka nui a me nā paio o ka wā Revolutionary i hūnā ʻia ma hope o kēia mau mea āpau. Ua lanakila nā mea hana a Megül me ka ʻōlelo mele hou: kona maʻalahi a me kona ʻano, hilinaʻi i nā kumu mele a me nā kumu hula i kamaʻāina i nā poʻe a pau, maʻalahi a i ka manawa like nā nuances o ka orchestral a me ke kani mele.

Ua hopu ʻia ke ʻano o Megül i loko o ke ʻano democratic o nā mele lehulehu o nā makahiki 1790, nona nā leo a me nā mele i komo i nā ʻaoʻao o nā keaka a me nā symphonies a Megül. ʻO kēia ka "Song of the March" (ʻaʻole i haʻahaʻa i ka kaulana o ka "La Marseillaise" i ka hopena o ke kenekulia XNUMX), "The Song of the Return, the Song of Victory." ʻO ka mea kahiko o Beethoven, ua manaʻo ʻo Megul i ke ʻano o ka sonority, ke ʻano ikaika o ka mele a Beethoven, a me kāna mau mele a me kāna orchestration, ke mele o kahi hanauna ʻōpio o nā haku mele, nā ʻelele o ka romanticism mua.

V. Ilyeva