Otar Vasilyevich Taktakishvili |

Otar Taktakishvili

ʻO ka ikaika o nā mauna, ka neʻe wikiwiki o nā muliwai, ka pua o ke ʻano nani o Georgia a me ka naʻauao o nā kenekulia o kona poʻe - ua hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mau mea me ke aloha i kāna hana e ka mea haku mele Georgian koʻikoʻi ʻo O. Taktakishvili. Ma muli o nā moʻomeheu o nā mele mele Georgian a me Lūkini (ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka hana a ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ke kula aupuni o ka haku mele Z. Paliashvili), ua hana ʻo Taktakishvili i nā hana he nui i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka waihona gula o ka moʻomeheu multinational Soviet.

Ua ulu ʻo Taktakishvili i kahi ʻohana mele. Hoʻonaʻauao ʻia ma ka Conservatory Tbilisi ma ka papa o Professor S. Barkhudaryan. ʻO ia i loko o nā makahiki conservatory i hoʻomaka koke ke kālena o ka mea hoʻokani mele, nona ka inoa i kaulana i Georgia. Ua kākau ka mea haku mele ʻōpio i kahi mele, i ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka mea maikaʻi loa ma ka hoʻokūkū repubalika a ʻae ʻia ʻo ia ka National Anthem of the Georgian SSR. Ma hope o ke kula puka (1947-50), ʻaʻole i hoʻopau ʻia nā pilina me ka conservatory. Mai ka makahiki 1952, ua aʻo ʻo Taktakishvili i ka polyphony a me nā mea kani ma laila, ma 1962-65. - ʻo ia ka rector, a mai ka makahiki 1966 - ke kaukaʻi ma ka papa mele.

ʻO nā hana i hana ʻia i loko o nā makahiki o ke aʻo ʻana a hiki i ka waena o nā makahiki he 50 e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻohui maikaʻi ʻana o ka mea kākau ʻōpio i nā kuʻuna aloha kahiko. ʻO 2 symphonies, ka First Piano Concerto, ka symphonic poem "Mtsyri" - ʻo ia nā hana i hōʻike nui ʻia ai nā kiʻi a me kekahi mau ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana i ke ʻano o ke mele o nā mea aloha a pili i ka makahiki aloha o kā lākou mea kākau. .

Mai ka waena o 50s. Ke hana ikaika nei ʻo Taktakishvili ma ke kahua o ka mele leo keʻena. ʻO nā pōʻaiapuni leo o ia mau makahiki ua lilo ia i hale hana hoʻomohala no ka mea hoʻokani pila: i loko o ia mau mea ʻimi ʻo ia i kāna leo leo, kona ʻano ponoʻī, i lilo i kumu o kāna mele mele a me ka oratorio. ʻO nā mele he nui ma nā paukū a nā haku mele Georgian ʻo V. Pshavela, I. Abashidze, S. Chikovani, G. Tabidze i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā hana leo nui a me nā symphonic a Taktakishvili.

ʻO ka opera "Mindiya" (1960), i kākau ʻia ma muli o ka mele a V. Pshavela, i lilo i mea nui i ke ala hoʻomohala o ka mea haku mele. Mai ia manawa, ma ka hana a Taktakishvili, ua hoʻolālā ʻia kahi huli i nā ʻano nui - nā opera a me nā oratorio, a ma ke kahua o nā mea kani - i nā ʻahamele. Ma kēia mau ʻano i hōʻike ʻia ai nā hiʻohiʻona ikaika loa a me nā hiʻohiʻona mua loa o ke kālena hoʻokumu o ka haku mele. ʻO ka Opera "Mindiya", i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka moʻolelo o kahi kanaka ʻōpio ʻo Mindni, i hāʻawi ʻia i ka hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i nā leo o ke ʻano, hōʻike piha i nā ʻano āpau o Taktakishvili ka mea pāʻani: ka hiki ke hana i nā kiʻi mele nani, hōʻike i ko lākou ulu ʻana noʻonoʻo. , a kūkulu i nā hiʻohiʻona paʻakikī. Ua hoʻokō maikaʻi ʻia ʻo "Mindiya" i kekahi mau hale opera ma ko mākou ʻāina a ma waho.

ʻO nā opera 2 e hiki mai ana na Taktakishvili - ka triptych "Three Lives" (1967), i hana ʻia ma ke kumu o nā hana a M. Javakhishvili a me G. Tabidze, a me "The Abduction of the Moon" (1976) e pili ana i ka moʻolelo a K Gamsakhurdia - haʻi e pili ana i ke ola o ka poʻe Georgian i ka wā ma mua o ke kipi a me nā lā kipi mua. I ka makahiki 70. Ua haku ʻia he 2 mau keaka mele, e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻano hou o ke kālena o Taktakishvili – ka mele mele a me ka hoʻohenehene maikaʻi. ʻO kēia ka "The Boyfriend" e pili ana i ka moʻolelo pōkole a M. Javakhishvili a me "Eccentrics" ("First Love") e pili ana i ka moʻolelo o R. Gabriadze.

ʻO ke ʻano maoli a me nā kiʻi ʻōiwi, nā kiʻi o ka moʻolelo Georgian a me nā moʻolelo ke kumuhana o nā hana leo nui a me ka symphonic a Taktakishvili – oratorio a me cantatas. ʻO nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo maikaʻi ʻelua a Taktakishvili, "Ma muli o nā wāwae o Rustaveli" a me "Nikoloz Baratashvili", he nui nā mea like me kekahi. I loko o ia mau mea, noʻonoʻo ka haku mele i ka hopena o ka poʻe haku mele, kā lākou ʻoihana. Aia ma ka puʻuwai o ka oratorio Ma nā kapuaʻi o "Rustaveli" (1963) he pōʻaiapuni o nā mele na I. Abashidze. ʻO ka subtitle o ka hana "Solemn Chants" e wehewehe i ke ʻano nui o nā kiʻi mele - ʻo ia ke oli, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka haku mele kaulana o Georgia a me kahi moʻolelo e pili ana i kona hopena pōʻino. ʻO ka oratorio Nikoloz Baratashvili (1970), i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka mea haku mele Georgian o ke kenekulia XNUMX, e pili ana i nā kumu o ka hōʻino, nā monologues lyrical makemake, a me ka wikiwiki i ke kūʻokoʻa. Hoʻopili hou ʻia ka moʻomeheu moʻolelo i loko o Taktakishvili's vocal-symphonic triptych – “Gurian Songs”, “Mingrelian Songs”, “Georgian secular Hymns”. I loko o kēia mau haku mele, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā papa kumu o ka moʻolelo mele kahiko Georgian. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua kākau ka mea haku mele i ka oratorio "Me ka lira o Tsereteli", ke mele mele "Kartala tunes".

Ua kākau ʻo Taktakishvili i nā mele mea kani. ʻO ia ka mea kākau o ʻehā concerto no ka piano, ʻelua no ka violin, hoʻokahi no cello. ʻO nā mele Chamber (Quartet, Piano Quintet, Piano Trio), a me nā mele no ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ke keaka (Oedipus Rex ma ka S. Rustaveli Theatre ma Tbilisi, Antigone ma ka I. Franko Theatre ma Kyiv, "Winter's Tale" ma ka Moscow Art Theatre) .

Ua hana pinepine ʻo Taktakishvili ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi o kāna mau hana ponoʻī (ʻo ka nui o kāna mau hana mua i hana ʻia e ka mea kākau), ʻo ia ka mea kākau o nā ʻatikala e pili ana i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi o ka haku haku mele, ka pilina ma waena o ka poʻe a me ka ʻoihana ʻoihana, a me ka hoʻonaʻauao mele. ʻO ka hana lōʻihi ma ke ʻano he Kuhina moʻomeheu o ka Georgian SSR, ka hana ikaika ma ka Union of Composers o ka USSR a me Georgia, ka hōʻike ma ka jure o nā hui āpau a me nā hoʻokūkū honua - ʻo kēia nā mea āpau o ka hana lehulehu a ka mea haku mele ʻo Otar. ʻO Taktakishvili, āna i hoʻolaʻa ai i nā kānaka, me ka manaʻoʻiʻo "ʻaʻohe hana hanohano no ka mea pena kiʻi ma mua o ka noho ʻana a hana no nā kānaka, ma ka inoa o ka poʻe.

V. Cenova