Sergei Ivanovich Taneyev |

Sergey Taneyev

ʻO Taneyev ka mea maikaʻi a me ke akamai i kona ʻano pono a me kona ʻano kapu loa i ka hana kiʻi. L. Sabaneev

Ma nā mele Lūkini o ka huli o ke kenekulia, nohoʻo S. Taneyev i kahi kūlana kūikawā. He kanaka mele kaulana a me ka lehulehu, kumu, piano, ka mea hoʻokani mele nui mua ma Rūsia, he kanaka i ʻike ʻole ʻia, he mana kaulana ʻo Taneyev i ke ola moʻomeheu o kona manawa. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i ʻike koke ʻia ka hana nui o kona ola, ka haku mele. ʻO ke kumu ʻaʻole ʻo Taneyev he mea hoʻomohala radical, ʻike ʻia ma mua o kona manawa. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o kāna mau mele i ʻike ʻia e kona poʻe o ka wā kahiko, e like me ka hua o ka "professorial learning", kahi hana maloʻo. ʻO ka hoihoi o Taneyev i nā haku kahiko, ma JS Bach, WA Mozart, he mea ʻē a me ka manawa ʻole, ua kāhāhā ʻo ia i kona pili ʻana i nā ʻano a me nā ʻano. Ma hope wale nō i hiki mai ai ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka pololei o ka mōʻaukala o Taneyev, ka mea e ʻimi nei i ke kākoʻo paʻa no nā mele Lūkini ma ka hoʻoilina pan-European, e ʻimi nei i ka laulā ākea o nā hana hana.

Ma waena o nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana aliʻi kahiko o nā Taneyevs, aia nā mea aloha mele mele - ʻo ia ʻo Ivan Ilyich, ka makuakāne o ka mea haku mele e hiki mai ana. Ua kākoʻo ʻia ke talena mua o ke keikikāne i ka ʻohana, a i ka makahiki 1866 ua koho ʻia ʻo ia i ka Conservatory Moscow hou i wehe ʻia. Ma loko o kona mau paia, ua lilo ʻo Taneyev i haumāna na P. Tchaikovsky a me N. Rubinshtein, ʻelua o nā kiʻi nui loa i ka mele mele ʻo Russia. ʻO kahi puka maikaʻi mai ka conservatory i ka makahiki 1875 (ʻo Taneyev ka mea mua i kona mōʻaukala i hāʻawi ʻia i ka Grand Gold Medal) wehe i nā manaʻo ākea no ka mea hoʻokani pila. He ʻano hana ʻahamele kēia, a me ke aʻo ʻana, a me ka hana haku mele hohonu. Akā, hele mua ʻo Taneyev i kahi huakaʻi ma waho.

Ma ka noho ʻana ma Palisa, ua loaʻa ka hopena koʻikoʻi o ka launa pū ʻana me ka nohona moʻomeheu ʻEulopa i ka mea pena kiʻi hoʻokipa he iwakālua makahiki. Hana ʻo Taneyev i kahi loiloi koʻikoʻi o nā mea i loaʻa iā ia ma kona ʻāina hānau a hiki i ka hopena ʻaʻole lawa kāna aʻo ʻana, nā mele mele a me nā mea kōkua kanaka. Ma hope o ka wehewehe ʻana i kahi hoʻolālā paʻa, hoʻomaka ʻo ia i ka hana paʻakikī i ka hoʻonui ʻana i kāna mau ʻike. Ua hoʻomau kēia hana i kona ola a pau, mahalo i hiki iā Taneyev ke lilo i mea like me ka poʻe naʻauao loa o kona manawa.

ʻO ka manaʻo hoʻonohonoho like i loaʻa i ka hana haku mele a Taneyev. Ua makemake ʻo ia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā waiwai o ka moʻomeheu mele ʻEulopa, e noʻonoʻo hou i kāna ʻāina ʻo Rūsia. Ma keʻano laulā, e like me ka manaʻo o ka mea haku mele ʻōpio, ʻaʻohe kumu o ka mōʻaukala Lūkini, pono ia e hoʻohui i ka ʻike o nā ʻano ʻEulopa maʻamau - ma mua o nā polyphonic. He haumana a hahai ʻo Tchaikovsky, ʻike ʻo Taneyev i kāna ala ponoʻī, synthesizing lyricism aloha a me ka austerity classicist o ka ʻōlelo. He mea nui kēia hui ʻana no ke ʻano o Taneyev, e hoʻomaka ana mai nā ʻike mua loa o ka haku mele. ʻO ka piko mua ma ʻaneʻi ʻo ia kekahi o kāna mau hana maikaʻi loa - ʻo ka cantata "John of Damascus" (1884), ka mea i hōʻailona i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mana honua o kēia ʻano ma nā mele Lūkini.

ʻO ke mele mele kekahi mea nui o ka hoʻoilina o Taneyev. Ua hoʻomaopopo ka mea haku mele i ke ʻano mele ma ke ʻano he sphere of high generalization, epic, philosophical reflection. No laila ka hahau nui, ka monumentality o kāna haku mele. ʻO ke kohoʻana o nā haku mele he mea maʻamau: F. Tyutchev, Ya. Polonsky, K. Balmont, i loko o kāna mau paukū ʻo Taneyev e hoʻokūpaʻa i nā kiʻi o ka spontaneity, ka hanohano o ke kiʻi o ka honua. A aia kekahi hōʻailona ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke ala hoʻomohala o Taneyev e nā cantatas ʻelua - ʻo ka lyrically heartfelt "John of Damascus" e pili ana i ka mele a AK Tolstoy a me ka fresco monumental "Ma hope o ka heluhelu ʻana i ka halelu" ma st. A. Khomyakov, ka hana hope a ka haku mele.

Aia ʻo Oratorio i ka hana nui loa a Taneyev - ka opera trilogy "Oresteia" (e like me Aeschylus, 1894). I kona manaʻo i ka opera, ʻike ʻia ʻo Taneyev e kūʻē i kēia manawa: ʻoiai nā pili pili ʻole a pau me ka moʻomeheu epic Russian (Ruslan a me Lyudmila na M. Glinka, Judith na A. Serov), aia ʻo Oresteia ma waho o nā alakaʻi alakaʻi o ka hale keaka. o kona manawa. Ua hoihoi ʻo Taneyev i ke kanaka ma ke ʻano he hōʻike o ke ao holoʻokoʻa, i ka pōʻino Helene kahiko ke ʻimi nei ʻo ia i kāna mea e ʻimi nei i ke kiʻi ma ke ʻano ākea - ka manaʻo mau loa a me ka maikaʻi, ka manaʻo moʻomeheu i loko o kahi incarnation maikaʻi loa. Ke kū'ē nei ka pōʻeleʻele o nā hewa e ke kumu a me ka mālamalama - ua hōʻoia hou ʻia ka manaʻo koʻikoʻi o ka hana kahiko i ka Oresteia.

ʻO ka Symphony ma C minor, kekahi o nā kiʻekiʻe o nā mele mea kani Lūkia, lawe i ke ʻano like. Ua hoʻokō ʻo Taneyev i ka symphony i kahi synthesis maoli o Lūkia a me ʻEulopa, ʻo ia hoʻi ka moʻomeheu Beethoven. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka symphony e hōʻoia i ka lanakila o kahi hoʻomaka harmonic maʻemaʻe, kahi i hoʻoholo ai ka pāʻani koʻikoʻi o ka neʻe mua. ʻO ka cyclic ʻehā ʻāpana o ka hana, ka haku ʻana o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā loina maʻamau, i unuhi ʻia ma kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa. No laila, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka manaʻo o ka lokahi intonational e Taneyev i ke ʻano o nā pilina leitmotif branched, e hāʻawi ana i kahi hui kūikawā o ka hoʻomohala cyclic. I kēia, hiki i kekahi ke manaʻo i ka manaʻo kānalua o ka romanticism, ka ʻike o F. Liszt a me R. Wagner, i unuhi ʻia, akā naʻe, ma ke ʻano o nā ʻano maʻalahi.

He mea koʻikoʻi ka hāʻawi ʻana o Taneyev i ke kahua o ke keʻena instrumental music. ʻO ka hui o ke keʻena Lūkini e hoʻonui iā ia, ka mea i hoʻoholo nui i ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana o ke ʻano i ka wā Soviet i nā hana a N. Myaskovsky, D. Shostakovich, V. Shebalin. Ua pili pono ke talena o Taneyev i ke ano o ka hana mele o ke keena, e like me ka olelo a B. Asafiev, "he pili pono kona ma ka maʻiʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ke ʻano o ka naʻauao haʻahaʻa, ma ke kahua o ka noʻonoʻo a me ka noʻonoʻo." ʻO ke koho koʻikoʻi, ka hoʻokele waiwai o nā ʻano hōʻike, ka palapala i hoʻonani ʻia, pono i nā ʻano keʻena keʻena, ua noho mau i kahi kūpono no Taneyev. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Polyphony, organika i ke ʻano o ka mea haku mele, i loko o kāna quartets string, i nā hui me ke komo ʻana o ka piano - Trio, Quartet a me Quintet, kekahi o nā hana maikaʻi loa a ka mea haku mele. ʻO ka momona o nā hui, ʻoi aku ko lākou mau ʻāpana lohi, ka maʻalahi a me ka laulā o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kumuhana, kokoke i nā ʻano manuahi a me nā ʻano wai o ka mele.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa melodic kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā romances a Taneyev, a ʻo ka nui o ia mau mea i loaʻa i ke kaulana ākea. ʻO nā ʻano mele kuʻuna a me nā kiʻi, nā ʻano moʻolelo-ballad o ke aloha, pili like i ke ʻano o ka mea haku mele. E pili ana i ke kiʻi o kahi kikokikona poetic, ua noʻonoʻo ʻo Taneyev i ka huaʻōlelo ʻo ia ka mea e wehewehe ai i ke ʻano o ka holoʻokoʻa. He mea mahalo ia ʻo ia kekahi o ka mea mua i kapa ʻia nā mele "poems no ka leo a me ka piano".

ʻO ka naʻauao kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa i ke ʻano o Taneyev i hōʻike pololei ʻia i kāna mau mele mele, a me kāna ʻoihana aʻoaʻo ascetic maoli. ʻO ka makemake ʻepekema o Taneyev i loaʻa mai kāna mau manaʻo haku. No laila, e like me ka ʻōlelo a B. Yavorsky, "makemake nui ʻo ia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o nā haku e like me Bach, Mozart, Beethoven i kā lākou ʻenehana." A he mea maʻamau ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ʻo Taneyev nui loa ʻo "Mobile counterpoint of strict writing" i ka polyphony.

He kumu hānau ʻo Taneyev. ʻO ka mea mua, no ka mea, ua hoʻomohala ʻo ia i kāna ʻano hana hana me ka noʻonoʻo a hiki ke aʻo i nā mea ʻē aʻe i kāna mea i aʻo ai. ʻO ke kikowaena o ka umekaumaha, ʻaʻole ia i ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia kanaka, akā ʻo nā loina maʻamau o ka haku mele. ʻO ia ke kumu i ʻokoʻa ai ke kiʻi hoʻomohala o nā mea haku mele i hele ma ka papa o Taneyev. S. Rachmaninov, A. Scriabin, N. Medtner, An. Alexandrov, S. Vasilenko, R. Glier, A. Grechaninov, S. Lyapunov, Z. Paliashvili, A. Stanchinsky a me na mea e ae he nui - Ua hiki ia Taneyev ke haawi aku i kela mea keia mea o lakou i ke kumu nui i ulu ai ke ano o ka haumana.

ʻO ka hana hoʻomohala like ʻole a Taneyev, ka mea i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia i ka makahiki 1915, he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia no nā kiʻi Lūkini. Wahi a Asafiev, "ʻO Taneyev ... ke kumu o ka hoʻololi moʻomeheu nui i nā mele Lūkini, ʻo ka ʻōlelo hope loa ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia ..."

S. Savenko

ʻO Sergei Ivanovich Taneyev ka mea haku mele nui loa o ka huli ʻana o nā kenekulia XNUMXth a me XNUMXth. Haumāna o NG Rubinstein lāua ʻo Tchaikovsky, kumu o Scriabin, Rachmaninov, Medtner. Me Tchaikovsky, 'o ia ke po'o o ke kula haku mele Moscow. Ua like kona wahi mōʻaukala me kahi a Glazunov i noho ai ma St. Petersburg. I kēia hanauna o nā mea hoʻokani pila, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻomaka nā mea haku mele ʻelua e hōʻike i ka hui ʻana o nā hiʻohiʻona hana o ke Kula Lūkini Hou a me ka haumāna o Anton Rubinstein - Tchaikovsky; no nā haumāna o Glazunov a me Taneyev, e holomua ana kēia kaʻina hana.

ʻO ke ola hoʻomohala o Taneyev he ikaika loa a he lehulehu. ʻO nā hana a Taneyev, he kanaka ʻepekema, pianist, kumu, pili ʻole i ka hana a Taneyev, kahi haku mele. Interpenetration, e hoike ana i ka pono o ka manao mele, hiki ke huliia, no ka laʻana, i loko o Taneyev ka manaʻo i polyphony: i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini mele moʻomeheu, hana ia ma ke ʻano he mea kākau o nā haʻawina hou "Mobile counterpoint of strict writing" a me "Teaching." e pili ana i ka canon", a ma ke ʻano he kumu o nā papa counterpoint i hoʻomohala ʻia e ia a me nā fugues ma ka Conservatory o Moscow, a ma ke ʻano he mea hana i nā hana mele, me ka piano, kahi polyphony he mea ikaika loa o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana a me ke ʻano.

ʻO Taneyev kekahi o nā pianists nui loa o kona manawa. I loko o kāna repertoire, ua hōʻike maopopo ʻia nā ʻano hoʻomālamalama: ka pau ʻole o nā ʻāpana virtuoso o ke ʻano salon (ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā makahiki 70 a me 80), ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā papahana o nā hana i lohe ʻole ʻia a pāʻani ʻia no ka manawa mua ( ʻo ia hoʻi, nā hana hou a Tchaikovsky a me Arensky). He mea hoʻokani pila koʻikoʻi ʻo ia, i hoʻokani pū me LS Auer, G. Venyavsky, AV Verzhbilovich, ka Czech Quartet, i hoʻokani i nā ʻāpana piano i nā haku mele na Beethoven, Tchaikovsky a me kāna iho. Ma ke kahua o ka piano aʻo, ʻo Taneyev ka mea pani koke a me ka hope o NG Rubinshtein. ʻO ka hana a Taneyev i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kula piano piano ʻo Moscow ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia i ke aʻo ʻana i ka piano ma ka conservatory. Nui ka mana o ka piano a Taneyev ma luna o nā mea haku mele i aʻo i kāna mau papa theoretical, ma ka papa piano a lākou i hana ai.

He kūlana koʻikoʻi ʻo Taneyev i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻoihana Lūkini. Ma ke kahua o ka manaʻo mele, aia kāna mau hana ma nā ʻaoʻao nui ʻelua: ke aʻo ʻana i nā papa koi a me ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana i nā haku mele i nā papa mele. Hoʻopili pololei ʻo ia i ka haku o ka harmoni, polyphony, instrumentation, ka papa o nā ʻano me ka haku o ka haku mele. "Loaʻa iā Mastery kahi waiwai i ʻoi aku ma mua o nā palena o ka hana lima a me ka hana ʻenehana ... a aia pū me nā ʻikepili kūpono e pili ana i ka hoʻokomo ʻana a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mele, nā noiʻi loiloi o nā mea mele e like me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana," wahi a BV Asafiev. ʻOiai ʻo ia ke alakaʻi o ka conservatory i ka hapa lua o nā makahiki 80, a i nā makahiki ma hope mai he kanaka ikaika i ka hoʻonaʻauao mele, ua hopohopo nui ʻo Taneyev e pili ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mele a me ka theoretical o nā mea hoʻokani mele ʻōpio, e pili ana i ka democratization o ke ola. ka conservatory. Aia ʻo ia i waena o nā mea hoʻonohonoho a me nā mea komo o ka People's Conservatory, nā pōʻai hoʻonaʻauao he nui, ka ʻepekema ʻepekema "Musical and Theoretical Library".

Ua nānā nui ʻo Taneyev i ke aʻo ʻana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mele mele. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo ia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi o kanakolu mau mele Ukrainian, hana ma ka moʻolelo Lūkini. I ke kauwela o 1885, ua huakaʻi ʻo ia i ka North Caucasus a me Svaneti, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ai i nā mele a me nā mea kani o nā poʻe o ka North Caucasus. 'O ka 'atikala "Ma ke mele o ka mauna Tatars", i kākau 'ia ma ke kumu o ka 'ike pilikino, 'o ia ka mua o ka mō'aukala a me ka theoretical study o ka mo'olelo o ka Caucasus. Ua komo ikaika ʻo Taneyev i ka hana a ka Moscow Musical and Ethnographic Commission, i paʻi ʻia ma nā hōʻiliʻili o kāna mau hana.

ʻAʻole waiwai ka moʻolelo o Taneyev i nā hanana - ʻaʻole nā ​​wili o ka hopena e hoʻololi koke i ke ʻano o ke ola, ʻaʻole hoʻi i nā hanana "romantic". He haumana o ka Moscow Conservatory o ka intake mua, ua pili ia me kona kula maoli hoʻonaʻauao kula no ka aneane eha mau makahiki a haʻalele i kona mau paia i loko o 1905, ma ka lōkahi me kona St. Petersburg hoa a me na hoa - Rimsky-Korsakov a me Glazunov. ʻO nā hana a Taneyev i hana ʻia ma Rusia wale nō. Ma hope koke iho o kona puka 'ana mai ka conservatory ma 1875, ua hele 'o ia me NG Rubinstein i Helene a me Italia; Ua noho lōʻihi ʻo ia ma Palika i ka hapa ʻelua o nā makahiki 70 a me 1880, akā ma hope, i ka makahiki 1900, ua huakaʻi ʻo ia no kahi manawa pōkole i Kelemānia a me Czech Republic e komo i ka hana o kāna mau mele. I ka makahiki 1913, kipa aku ʻo Sergei Ivanovich iā Salzburg, kahi āna i hana ai i nā mea mai ka waihona Mozart.

ʻO SI Taneev kekahi o nā mea hoʻokani pila naʻauao o kona wā. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona no nā haku mele Lūkini o ka hapaha hope o ke kenekulia, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka intonational base of creativity ma Taneyev e pili ana i kahi hohonu hohonu o ka ʻike mele o nā wā like ʻole, ʻike i loaʻa iā ia ma ka conservatory. he mea hoʻolohe i nā ʻahamele ma Moscow, St. Petersburg, Paris. ʻO ka mea nui loa i ka ʻike hoʻolohe a Taneyev ʻo ia ka hana aʻoaʻo ma ka conservatory, ʻo ke ʻano "pedagogical" o ka noʻonoʻo e like me ka assimilation o ka wā i hala i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e ka ʻike kiʻi. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hoʻomaka ʻo Taneyev e hana i kāna hale waihona puke ponoʻī (i mālama ʻia i kēia manawa ma ka Conservatory Moscow), a loaʻa i kāna kamaʻāina me nā puke mele mele nā ​​hiʻohiʻona hou: me ka pāʻani ʻana, heluhelu "maka". ʻO ka ʻike a me ka manaʻo o Taneyev ʻaʻole wale ka ʻike o ka mea hoʻolohe i nā ʻaha mele, akā no ka "mea heluhelu" pau ʻole o ke mele. Uaʻikeʻia kēia mau mea a pau i ka hoʻokumuʻana i keʻano.

'O nā hanana mua o ka mo'olelo mele a Taneyev he mea kūikawā. ʻAʻole like me nā mea haku mele Lūkini āpau o ke kenekulia XNUMX, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hoʻomaka i kāna ʻoihana mele mele me ka haku mele; ʻO kāna mau haku mele mua i kū mai ma ke kaʻina hana a ma muli o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā haumāna ʻōnaehana, a ua hoʻoholo pū kēia i ke ʻano haku mele a me nā hiʻohiʻona stylistic o kāna mau hana mua.

ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hana a Taneyev e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻano mele ākea a me ka mōʻaukala. Hiki i kekahi ke ʻōlelo lawa e pili ana iā Tchaikovsky me ka ʻole o ka haʻi ʻana i nā hana a nā haku o ke ʻano koʻikoʻi a me ka baroque. Akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i ka ʻike, nā manaʻo, ke ʻano, ka ʻōlelo mele o nā haku mele a Taneyev me ka ʻole e pili ana i ka hana a nā haku mele o ke kula Dutch, ʻo Bach a me Handel, nā mele Viennese, nā haku mele aloha ʻEulopa. A, ʻoiaʻiʻo, nā haku mele Lūkini - Bortnyansky, Glinka, A. Rubinstein, Tchaikovsky, a me Taneyev's contemporaries - nā haku o St. Petersburg, a me kahi galaxy o kāna mau haumāna, a me nā haku Lūkini o nā makahiki ma hope, a hiki i kēia lā.

Hōʻike kēia i nāʻano pilikino o Taneyev, "kūlike" me nāʻano o ke au. ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ka noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo, no laila ke ʻano o ka hapa ʻelua a ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka hopena o ke kenekulia XNUMX, ʻo ia ke ʻano o Taneyev. Haʻawina i loko o ka mōʻaukala mai ka wā'ōpiopio, he positivist manaʻo i ka mōʻaukala kaʻina hana, ua hōʻike 'ia i loko o ka pōʻai o Taneyev heluhelu i ike ia makou, ma ke ano he hapa o kona waihona, i hoihoi i loko o ka hale hōʻikeʻike hōʻiliʻili, oi aku kahiko casts, i hoʻonohonoho 'ia e IV Tsvetaev, nana. kokoke iā ia (i kēia manawa ʻo ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Fine Arts ). I ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o kēia hale hōʻikeʻike, ua ʻike ʻia kahi pā Helene a me kahi pā Renaissance, kahi hale ʻAigupita no ka hōʻike ʻana i nā hōʻiliʻili o ʻAigupita, etc. Planned, pono multi-style.

ʻO ka manaʻo hou i ka hoʻoilina i hoʻokumu i nā loina hou o ke ʻano hana. Ua wehewehe ka poʻe noiʻi ʻEulopa Komohana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia XNUMX me ka huaʻōlelo "historicism"; i loko o kā mākou puke moʻolelo kūikawā, ua hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia ka manaʻo o ka "eclecticism" - ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano loiloi, akā ma ke ʻano he wehewehe ʻana o "kahi mea hana kiʻi kūikawā i loaʻa i ke kenekulia XNUMX." I loko o ka hoʻolālā o ke au i noho "i hala" styles; Ua nānā nā mea kākau i ka gothic a me ka classicism i wahi hoʻomaka no nā hoʻonā hou. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka pluralism artistic iā ia iho ma kahi ʻano multifaceted ma ka palapala Lūkini o ia manawa. Ma muli o ka hana ikaika o nā kumu like ʻole, ua hana ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole "synthetic" - e like me ka hana a Dostoevsky. Pela no ka mele.

Ma muli o nā hoʻohālikelike i luna, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka makemake nui o Taneyev i ka hoʻoilina o nā mele ʻEulopa, i kāna mau ʻano nui, he "relic" (kahi huaʻōlelo mai ka loiloi o ka hana "Mozartian" a kēia haku mele ka quartet ma E. -flat major), akā ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona o kāna manawa ponoʻī (a me ka wā e hiki mai ana!). Ma ka lālani hoʻokahi - ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻāpana kahiko no ka opera i hoʻopau ʻia ʻo "Oresteia" - kahi koho i ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka poʻe hoʻohewa o ka opera a kūlohelohe i ke kenekulia XNUMX.

ʻO ka predilection o ka mea pena no kekahi mau wahi o ka figurativeness, ke ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana, nā papa stylistic i hoʻoholo nui ʻia e kāna biography, make-up noʻonoʻo, a me kona ʻano. ʻO nā palapala he nui a me nā ʻano like ʻole - nā manuscripts, nā leka, nā diaries, memoirs of contemporaries - e hoʻomālamalama i nā ʻano pilikino o Taneyev me ka hoʻopiha piha. Hōʻike lākou i ke kiʻi o ke kanaka nāna e hoʻohana i nā mea o nā manaʻo me ka mana o ka noʻonoʻo, ka mea makemake i ke akeakamai (ʻoi loa - Spinoza), makemakika, chess, ka mea i manaʻoʻiʻo i ka holomua o ka nohona a me ka hiki ke hoʻonohonoho kūpono o ke ola. .

E pili ana iā Taneyev, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka manaʻo o ka "intelectualism". ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka unuhi ʻana i kēia ʻōlelo mai ke aupuni o ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ke ʻano o ka hōʻike. ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻoia mua he hoihoi noʻonoʻo i nā ʻano i hōʻailona ʻia e ka intellectualism - ka High Renaissance, Baroque hope a me Classicism, a me nā ʻano a me nā ʻano i hōʻike maopopo loa i nā kānāwai maʻamau o ka noʻonoʻo, ʻo ka sonata-symphonic. ʻO kēia ka lokahi o ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana i nā pahuhopu a me nā hoʻoholo noʻeau i loaʻa ma Taneyev: ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka manaʻo o "Russian polyphony" i ulu ʻia, i lawe ʻia ma o nā hana hoʻokolohua a hāʻawi i nā pana kiʻi maoli ma "John of Damascus"; ʻO kēia ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka poʻe kahiko Viennese; ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka dramaturgy mele o ka nui o nā pōʻai oʻo ma ke ʻano he ʻano kūikawā o ka monothematism. ʻO kēiaʻano monothematism pono'ī e hōʻike ana i keʻano o ke kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka hana manaʻo iʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka "ola o nā manaʻo", no laila ka pono o nāʻano cyclical a me ka hopohopo kūikawā no ka hopena - nā hopena o ka uluʻana. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ka maikaʻi ʻo ia ka manaʻo, ke koʻikoʻi philosophical o ke mele; ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke ʻano o ka thematism, kahi i unuhi ʻia ai nā kumuhana mele ma ke ʻano he thesis e hoʻomohala ʻia, ma mua o ke kiʻi mele "pono-pono" (e like me ke ʻano mele). ʻO nāʻano o kāna hana e hōʻike pū ana i ka naʻauao o Taneyev.

ʻO ka noʻonoʻo a me ka manaʻoʻiʻo i ka noʻonoʻo i loko o nā mea pena kiʻi, ma ke ʻano he ʻano ʻano "classical". Hōʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o kēia ʻano ʻano mea hoʻomohala i ka makemake i ka mālamalama, ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa, ka lokahi, ka piha, no ka hōʻike ʻana i ka maʻamau, ka honua, ka nani. He hewa naʻe ke noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka honua i loko o Taneyev me he ʻano mālie, me ka ʻole o nā kūʻē. ʻO kekahi o nā mea hoʻoikaika koʻikoʻi no kēia mea pena, ʻo ia ka paio ma waena o ka mea pena a me ka mea noʻonoʻo. ʻO ka mea mua i manaʻo he mea kūlohelohe ia e hahai i ke ala o Tchaikovsky a me nā mea ʻē aʻe - e hana i nā hana i manaʻo ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻaha mele, e kākau i ke ʻano i hoʻokumu ʻia. No ka nui o nā romances, ala mai nā symphonies mua. Ua hoihoi 'ia ka lua i ka no'ono'o, i ka mana'o a me ka 'ike 'ole o ka mō'aukala o ka hana a ka haku mele, i ka ho'okolohua 'epekema a me ka hana. Ma kēia ala, ua kū mai ka Netherlandish Fantasy ma ke kumumanaʻo Lūkini, nā mea kani a me nā mele mele, a ua kū mai ka Mobile Counterpoint of Strict Writing. ʻO ke ala hoʻomohala o Taneyev ka nui o ka moʻolelo o nā manaʻo a me kā lākou hoʻokō.

Hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia mau mea āpau i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka moʻolelo o Taneyev, i ka typology o kāna mau mele mele, ke ʻano o ke kaʻina hana, ka epistolary (kahi i kū ai kahi palapala koʻikoʻi - kāna palapala me PI Tchaikovsky), a ʻo ka hope loa, i ka diaries.

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He mea nui ka hoʻoilina a Taneyev ma ke ʻano he haku mele. ʻO kēlā me kēia kanaka - a i ka manawa like loa i hōʻike ʻia - ʻo ia ke ʻano haku o kēia hoʻoilina; He mea nui ia no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā pilikia mōʻaukala a me nā stylistic o ka hana a Taneyev. ʻO ka nele o nā haku mele-symphonic, ballets (ma nā hihia ʻelua - ʻaʻole hoʻokahi manaʻo); hoʻokahi wale nō i ʻike i ka opera, ʻoi aku ka "atypical" ma ke ʻano o ke kumu palapala a me ka hoʻolālā; ʻehā symphonies, a ua paʻi ʻia kekahi e ka mea kākau ma kahi o ʻelua mau makahiki ma mua o ka pau ʻana o kāna ʻoihana. Me kēia - ʻelua cantatas lyric-philosophical (he hoʻāla hou kekahi hapa, akā e ʻōlelo paha kekahi, ʻo ka hānau ʻana o kahi ʻano), he mau haneli o nā haku mele. A ʻo ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka mea nui - iwakālua mau keena-instrumental cycles.

I kekahi mau ʻano, ua hāʻawi ʻo Taneyev i ke ola hou ma ka ʻāina Lūkini. Ua hoʻopiha ʻia nā mea ʻē aʻe i ke koʻikoʻi i ʻike ʻole ʻia i loko o lākou ma mua. ʻO nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe, hoʻololi i loko, hele pū me ka haku mele i kona ola ʻana - nā mele, nā mele. No nā mele hoʻokani pila, ʻike ʻia kekahi ʻano ʻano i nā manawa like ʻole o ka hana hoʻomohala. Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia i loko o nā makahiki o ke oʻo ʻana o ka mea haku mele, ʻo ke ʻano i koho ʻia ka nui o ka hana, inā ʻaʻole ke ʻano hana, a laila, e like me ka "style-representing". Ma hope o ka hana ʻana i kahi symphony ma C minor i ka makahiki 1896-1898 - ʻo ka hā o ka lālani - ʻaʻole kākau ʻo Taneyev i nā symphonies hou aʻe. A hiki i ka makahiki 1905, ua hā'awi 'ia kona mana'o kū'oko'a ma ke kahua o nā mea ho'okani pila. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei o kona ola, ua lilo nā hui me ke komo ʻana o ka piano i mea nui loa. ʻO ke koho ʻana o nā limahana hoʻokani e hōʻike i kahi pilina pili me ka ʻaoʻao ideological a me ka ʻaoʻao o ke mele.

Hōʻike ka moʻolelo o ka haku mele ʻo Taneyev i ka ulu mau ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana. ʻO ke ala i hele ʻia mai nā mele aloha mua e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hana mele kūloko a hiki i nā pōʻai hou o "nā mele no ka leo a me ka piano" he nui; mai nā papa mele liʻiliʻi a paʻakikī ʻole i paʻi ʻia i ka makahiki 1881 a hiki i nā pōʻai nui o op. 27 a op. 35 i na olelo a Y. Polonsky a me K. Balmont; mai nā hui kani mua, ʻaʻole i paʻi ʻia i ka wā o ke ola o ka mea kākau, i kahi ʻano "chamber symphony" - ka quintet piano ma G minor. ʻO ka cantata ʻelua - "Ma hope o ka heluhelu ʻana i ka mele" hoʻopau a hoʻopaʻa i ka hana a Taneyev. ʻOiaʻiʻo nō ka hana hope loa, ʻoiai, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i hāpai ʻia e like me ia; e ola ana ka haku mele no ka manawa lōʻihi a me ka ikaika. Ua ʻike mākou i nā hoʻolālā paʻa ʻole o Taneyev.

Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokō ʻole ʻia ka nui o nā manaʻo i kū mai i ke ola o Taneyev a hiki i ka hopena. ʻOiai ma hope o ʻekolu symphonies, he nui nā quartets a me nā trios, kahi sonata no ka violin a me ka piano, nā kakini o ka orchestral, piano a me nā ʻāpana leo i paʻi ʻia ma hope o ka make - ua waiho ʻia kēia mau mea e ka mea kākau i loko o ka waihona - ʻoiai i kēia manawa hiki ke hoʻopuka i kahi nui. ka nui o nā mea i hoʻopuehu ʻia. ʻO kēia ka ʻāpana ʻelua o ka quartet ma C minor, a me nā mea o nā cantatas "The Legend of the Cathedral of Constance" a me "Three Palms" o ka opera "Hero and Leander", he nui nā mea kani. Ua kū mai kahi "counter-parallel" me Tchaikovsky, ka mea i hōʻole i ka manaʻo, a i ʻole ke poʻo i ka hana, a i ʻole, hoʻohana i ka mea i nā haku mele ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole hiki ke kiola ʻia kahi kiʻi hoʻokahi i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia, no ka mea, ma hope o kēlā me kēia, aia kahi manaʻo koʻikoʻi, manaʻo, pilikino, kahi ʻāpana o kekahi i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kēlā me kēia. ʻOkoʻa ke ʻano o nā manaʻo hoʻomohala a Taneyev, a ʻokoʻa nā hoʻolālā no kāna mau haku mele. No laila, no ka laʻana, ʻo ka hoʻolālā o ka hoʻolālā i hoʻokō ʻole ʻia o ka sonata piano ma F nui e hāʻawi i ka helu, kauoha, nā kī o nā ʻāpana, a me nā kikoʻī o ka hoʻolālā tonal: "Mahele ʻaoʻao i ka leo nui / Scherzo f-moll 2/4 / Andante Des-dur / Hopena".

Ua hana pū ʻo Tchaikovsky i nā hoʻolālā no nā hana nui e hiki mai ana. Uaʻikeʻia ka papahana o ka symphony "Life" (1891): "ʻO ka hapa mua he manaʻo, hilinaʻi, make wai no ka hana. Pono e pōkole (hope make ka hopena o ka luku. ʻO ka hapa ʻelua he aloha; ke kolu o ka hoka; pau ka hā me ka mae (pōkole hoʻi). E like me Taneyev, wehewehe ʻo Tchaikovsky i nā ʻāpana o ka pōʻai, akā aia kahi ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau papahana. Pili pololei ka manaʻo o Tchaikovsky i nā ʻike o ke ola – ʻo ka hapa nui o nā manaʻo o Taneyev e ʻike i nā mea kūpono o ke ʻano o ke mele. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe kumu e hoʻopau ai i nā hana a Taneyev mai ka noho ʻana i ke ola, kona mau manaʻo a me nā hui ʻana, akā ʻokoʻa ke ana o ka mediation i loko o lākou. Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa typological e LA Mazel; Ua hoʻomālamalama lākou i nā kumu no ka lawa ʻole o ka ʻike o nā mele a Taneyev, ka lawa ʻole o ka kaulana o ka nui o kāna mau ʻaoʻao nani. Akā ʻo lākou, e hoʻohui mākou iā mākou iho, e hōʻike pū i ka haku mele o kahi hale kūʻai aloha - a me ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka classicism; nā au like ʻole.

ʻO ka mea nui i ke ʻano o Taneyev hiki ke wehewehe ʻia he plurality o nā kumu me ka lokahi o loko a me ka pono (i hoʻomaopopo ʻia he pilina ma waena o nā ʻano a me nā ʻāpana o ka ʻōlelo mele). ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole ma ʻaneʻi ua hoʻoponopono ʻia, ma muli o ka manaʻo nui a me ke kumu o ka mea pena. ʻO ke ʻano kūlohelohe (a me ke kiʻekiʻe o kēia organicity i kekahi mau hana) o ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kumu stylistic like ʻole, he ʻano auditory a no laila, me he mea lā, empirical, ua hōʻike ʻia i ke kaʻina o ka nānā ʻana i nā kikokikona o nā haku mele. I loko o nā puke e pili ana iā Taneyev, ua hōʻike lōʻihi ʻia kahi manaʻo kūpono e pili ana nā mana o nā mele kahiko a me nā hana a nā haku mele aloha i loko o kāna mau hana, ikaika loa ka mana o Tchaikovsky, a ʻo kēia hui ʻana ka mea e hoʻoholo nui ai i ka originality. o ke ano o Taneyev. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka romanticism mele a me ke kiʻi kahiko - ka baroque hope loa a me nā mele Viennese - he ʻano hōʻailona o ka manawa. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona pilikino, ka hoʻopiʻi o nā manaʻo i ka moʻomeheu honua, ka makemake e loaʻa i ke kākoʻo i nā kumu kahiko o ke mele mele - ua hoʻoholo kēia mau mea a pau, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, i ka makemake o Taneyev i ke mele mele. Akā, ʻo kāna hana kiʻi, i hoʻomaka i ka wā Romantic, loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona o kēlā ʻano mana ikaika o ka makahiki ʻumikumamāiwa. ʻO ka hakakā kaulana ma waena o ke ʻano kanaka a me ke ʻano o ka wā i hōʻike maopopo ʻia i ka mele a Taneyev.

ʻO Taneyev kahi mea pena kiʻi Lūkini hohonu, ʻoiai ʻo ke ʻano ʻōiwi o kāna hana i hōʻike ʻole ʻia ma mua o kona mau makahiki kahiko (Mussorgsky, Tchaikovsky, Rimsky-Korsakov) a me nā ʻōpio (Rakhmaninov, Stravinsky, Prokofiev) i kēia manawa. Ma waena o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka pilina multilateral o ka hana a Taneyev me ka moʻomeheu mele o ka poʻe i ʻike nui ʻia, ʻike mākou i ke ʻano melodic, a me - ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i koʻikoʻi loa iā ia - ka hoʻokō ʻana (ma nā hana mua) o ka melodic, harmonic. a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā laʻana moʻolelo.

Akā,ʻaʻole i emi iki nā mea'ē aʻe, aʻo ka mea nui i waena o lākou,ʻo ia ka nui o ka mea pena i ke keiki o kona'āina i kekahi manawa o kona moʻolelo, i ka nui o kona hōʻikeʻana i kaʻike honua, ka noʻonoʻo o kona mau hoa. ʻO ka ikaika o ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka manaʻo o ka honua o kahi kanaka Lūkini i ka hapaha hope o ka XNUMXth - ʻo nā makahiki mua o ke kenekulia XNUMXth i ka mele a Taneyev ʻaʻole nui loa e hoʻokomo i nā manaʻo o ka manawa i kāna mau hana (e like me ka hiki ke hana. i ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i nā akamai - Tchaikovsky a i ʻole Rachmaninov). Akā ʻo Taneyev he pilina pili pono a pili loa i ka manawa; Ua hōʻikeʻo ia i ka honuaʻuhane o ka hapa maikaʻi o ka Russian intelligentsia, me kona kūlana kiʻekiʻe, ka manaʻoʻiʻo i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ke kanaka, kona pilina me ka mea maikaʻi loa i ka hoʻoilina o ka moʻomeheu aupuni. ʻO ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia o ka etika a me ka nani, ke kāohi a me ka maʻemaʻe i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka hōʻike ʻana i nā manaʻo e hoʻokaʻawale i ke kiʻi Lūkini i loko o kona hoʻomohala ʻana a ʻo ia kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano lāhui i ke kiʻi. ʻO ke ʻano hoʻomālamalama o nā mele a Taneyev a me kāna mau manaʻo a pau i ke kahua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana kekahi ʻāpana o ka moʻomeheu democratic moʻomeheu o Russia.

ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina, kahi mea e pili ana i ka hoʻoilina ʻo Taneyev, ʻo ia ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka moʻomeheu mele Lūkini ʻoihana. ʻAʻole pili kēia pilina, akā evolutionary a mobile. A inā ho'āla nā hana mua a Taneyev i nā inoa o Bortnyansky, Glinka, a me Tchaikovsky, a laila i nā manawa ma hope e hui pū nā inoa o Glazunov, Scriabin, Rachmaninov i kēlā mau inoa. ʻO nā haku mele mua o Taneyev, i ka makahiki like me nā symphonies mua o Tchaikovsky, ua komo nui mai nā aesthetics a me nā mele o "Kuchkism"; ʻO ka mea hope e launa pū me nā manaʻo a me ka ʻike noʻeau o nā poʻe ʻōpio o kēia wā, ʻo lākou iho ma nā ʻano he nui nā hoʻoilina o Taneyev.

ʻO ka pane a Taneyev i ka "modernism" o ke Komohana (ʻoi aku ka nui, i nā hanana mele o ka Romanticism hope, Impressionism, a me ka Expressionism mua) ma nā ʻano he nui i kaupalena ʻia i ka mōʻaukala, akā he mau hopena koʻikoʻi no nā mele Lūkini. Me Taneyev a me (ma kekahi ʻano, mahalo iā ia) me nā mea haku mele Lūkini ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻomaka a me ka hapa mua o ko mākou kenekulia, ua hana ʻia ka neʻe ʻana i nā mea hou i ka hana mele mele me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana me ka mea nui i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i nā mele ʻEulopa. . Aia kekahi ʻaoʻao o kēia: ʻo ka pilikia o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Ma nā hana maikaʻi loa a Taneyev pono'ī,ʻaʻole iʻikeʻia ma kēiaʻano, akā ma nā hana a kāna mau haumāna a me nā epigones he nui (a poina i kēia manawa) uaʻike maopopoʻia. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka mea like ma nā kula o Rimsky-Korsakov a me Glazunov - i nā hihia i hala ʻole ke ʻano o ka hoʻoilina.

ʻO nā poʻomanaʻo kiʻi nui o nā mele mea kani a Taneyev, i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā pōʻai he nui: pono-keaka (first sonata allegri, finales); philosophical, lyrical-meditative (ʻoi aku ka mālamalama - Adagio); scherzo: He malihini loa ʻo Taneyev i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻino, ka ʻino, ka ʻakaʻaka. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka objectification o ka honua i loko o ke kanaka i hōʻike ʻia i ka mele a Taneyev, ka hōʻike ʻana o ke kaʻina hana, ke kahe o nā manaʻo a me nā noʻonoʻo e hana i kahi hui o ka lyrical a me ka epic. ʻO ka naʻauao o Taneyev, ʻo kāna hoʻonaʻauao kanaka ākea i hōʻike ʻia ma kāna hana ma nā ʻano he nui a hohonu. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia ka makemake o ka haku mele e hana hou i ke mele i ke kiʻi piha o ke ʻano, kūʻē a hui pū. ʻO ke kumu o ke kumu hoʻokumu alakaʻi (cyclic, sonata-symphonic forms) he manaʻo noʻonoʻo honua. ʻIke ʻia ka ʻike ma ka mele a Taneyev ma o ka saturation o ka lole me nā kaʻina hana intonation-thematic. ʻO kēia ka mea e hiki ai ke hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻōlelo a BV Asafiev: "He liʻiliʻi wale nā ​​​​mea haku mele Lūkini e noʻonoʻo nei i ke ʻano i loko o ka synthesis ola mau ʻole. Pela o SI Taneev. Ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā mele Lūkini i kāna hoʻoilina i kahi hoʻokō maikaʻi loa o nā hoʻolālā symmetrical Western, e hoʻōla i ka kahe o ka symphonism i loko o lākou ... ".

ʻO ka nānā ʻana i nā hana cyclical nui a Taneyev e hōʻike ana i nā hana no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao ideological a me ka ʻaoʻao kiʻi o ke mele. ʻO kekahi o lākou, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka monothematism, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka pono o nā pōʻai, a me ka hana hope o nā hopena hope loa, he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia no nā hiʻohiʻona ideological, artistic a me nā hiʻohiʻona mele kūpono o nā pōʻai o Taneyev. ʻO ka manaʻo o nā ʻāpana hope e like me ka hopena, hoʻoholo i ka hakakā e hāʻawi ʻia e ke kumu o ke ʻano, ʻo ka mea ikaika loa ka hoʻomohala mau o ka leitme a me nā kumuhana ʻē aʻe, kā lākou hui ʻana, hoʻololi a me ka synthesis. Akā, ua ʻōlelo ka haku mele i ka hopena o ka hopena ma mua o ka noho aliʻi ʻana o ka monothematism ma ke ʻano he kumu alakaʻi i kāna mele. Ma ka quartet ma B-flat minor op. 4 ʻo ka ʻōlelo hope loa ma B-flat major ka hopena o kahi laina hoʻomohala hoʻokahi. Ma ka quartet ma D minor, op. 7 hana ʻia kahi pio: pau ka pōʻai me ka hana hou ʻana i ke kumuhana o ka hapa mua. Fugue pālua o ka quartet finale ma C nui, op. 5 hoʻohui i ke kumuhana o kēia māhele.

ʻO nā ʻano a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o ka ʻōlelo mele a Taneyev, ʻo ka polyphony ka nui, loaʻa ka manaʻo like like. ʻAʻohe kānalua ka pilina ma waena o ka noʻonoʻo polyphonic o ka mea haku mele a me kāna hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka hui mea kani a me ka papa himeni (a i ʻole leo leo) ma ke ʻano alakaʻi. ʻO nā laina melodic o ʻehā a ʻelima mau mea kani a i ʻole nā ​​​​leo i manaʻo ʻia a hoʻoholo i ke kuleana alakaʻi o ka thematics, i loaʻa i nā polyphony. Hōʻike ʻia nā pilina ʻokoʻa like ʻole a, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hāʻawi i kahi ʻōnaehana monothematic no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pōʻai. Intonational-thematic unity, monothematism e like me ke kumu mele a me ke mele a me ka polyphony ma ke ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā manaʻo mele he triad, ʻo nā ʻāpana i hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka mele a Taneyev.

Hiki i kekahi ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka manaʻo o Taneyev i ka linearism e pili ana i nā kaʻina polyphonic, ke ʻano polyphonic o kāna noʻonoʻo mele. ʻEhā a ʻelima mau leo ​​like o kahi quartet, quintet, choir imply, i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, he melodically mobile bass, ʻo ia hoʻi, me ka ʻike maopopo o nā hana harmonic, e kaupalena i ka "omnipotence" o ka hope. "No nā mele o kēia wā, ʻo ke kuʻikahi e nalowale ana i kona pili tonal, ʻo ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa o nā ʻano contrapuntal e waiwai nui loa," i kākau ai ʻo Taneyev, e hōʻike ana, e like me nā hihia ʻē aʻe, ka lokahi o ka ʻike theoretical a me ka hana hoʻomohala.

Me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, he mea nui ka polyphony hoʻohālikelike. ʻO nā fugues a me nā ʻano fugue, e like me ka hana a Taneyev ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, he hui paʻakikī. Ua kākau ʻo SS Skrebkov e pili ana i nā "hiʻohiʻona synthetic" o nā fugues a Taneyev me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka laʻana o nā quintets string. Taneyev's polyphonic technique is subordinated to holistic artistic tasks, and this indirectly proves by the fact that in his adults years (me ka hoʻokahi wale nō ʻokoʻa – the fugue in the piano cycle op. 29) ʻaʻole ia i kākau kūʻokoʻa fugues. ʻO nā fugues instrumental a Taneyev he ʻāpana a ʻāpana paha o kahi ʻano nui a i ʻole ka pōʻai. Ma kēia mea, hahai ʻo ia i nā kuʻuna a Mozart, Beethoven, a me kekahi hapa ʻo Schumann, e hoʻomohala a hoʻonui iā lākou. Nui nā ʻano fugue i loko o nā pōkā o ke keʻena o Taneyev, a ʻike ʻia lākou, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, i ka hopena, ʻoi aku, ma kahi reprise a coda (quartet ma C major op. 5, string quintet op. 16, piano quartet op. 20) . ʻO ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā ʻāpana hope e nā fugues e hana pū ʻia i nā pōʻai ʻokoʻa (e laʻa, ma ka string quintet op. 14). ʻO ka manaʻo e hoʻonui i ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka haku mele i nā fugues ʻeleʻele, a ʻo ka mea hope e hoʻokomo pinepine i ka thematic ʻaʻole wale no ka hopena ponoʻī, akā no nā ʻāpana mua. Loaʻa kēia i ka manaʻo a me ka hui ʻana o nā pōʻai.

ʻO ka manaʻo hou i ke ʻano keʻena i alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana, symphonization o ke ʻano keʻena, kona monumentalization ma o nā ʻano hoʻomohala paʻakikī. Ma kēia ʻano ʻano, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano hoʻololi like ʻole o nā ʻano maʻamau, ʻo ka sonata, ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia ʻaʻole wale i ka ʻoi loa, akā i nā ʻāpana waena o nā pōʻai. No laila, ma ka quartet ma A minor, op. 11, ʻo nā neʻe ʻehā a pau ke ʻano sonata. ʻO ka divertisement (ʻelua neʻe) he ʻano ʻekolu-neʻe paʻakikī, kahi i kākau ʻia ai nā neʻe koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano sonata; i ka manawa like, aia nā hiʻohiʻona o kahi rondo i ka Divertissement. Hoʻokokoke ka neʻe ʻekolu (Adagio) i kahi ʻano sonata i hoʻomohala ʻia, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kekahi mau ʻano me ka neʻe mua ʻana o ka sonata a Schumann ma F sharp minor. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ka hoʻokuke ʻana i nā palena maʻamau o nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻāpana pākahi. No ka laʻana, ma ka scherzo o ka piano quintet ma G minor, ua kākau ʻia ka ʻāpana mua ma kahi ʻano paʻakikī ʻekolu ʻāpana me kahi ʻāpana, ʻo ka trio he fugato manuahi. ʻO ka manaʻo e hoʻololi e alakaʻi i ke ʻano o nā ʻano hui ʻia, "modulating" (ka hapakolu o ka quartet ma A major, op. 13 - me nā hiʻohiʻona o kahi tripartite paʻakikī a me ka rondo), i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā ʻāpana o ka pōʻai. (i ka scherzo o ka piano trio ma D nui, op. 22, ka lua o ka pauku - trio - hoʻololi hoʻololi).

Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka manaʻo hoʻomohala ikaika o Taneyev i nā pilikia o ke ʻano he hana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia. Ma kahi leka iā MI Tchaikovsky i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka lā 17 o Dekemaba, 1910, e kūkākūkā ana i ke kuhikuhi o ka hana a kekahi o nā mea haku mele o ʻEulopa Komohana, ua nīnau ʻo ia i nā nīnau: "No ke aha i kaupalena ʻia ai ka makemake no ka mea hou i ʻelua mau wahi wale nō - ʻo ke kuʻikahi a me nā mea kani? No ke aha, me kēia, ʻaʻole wale he mea hou i ke kahua o ka counterpoint i ʻike ʻia, akā, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, ua emi nui kēia ʻano i ka wā i hala? No ke aha e ulu ʻole ai nā mea i loaʻa iā lākou ma ke kahua o nā ʻano, akā e liʻiliʻi nā ʻano a hāʻule i ka pala? I ka manawa like, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Taneyev ʻo ke ʻano sonata "ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea ʻē aʻe i kona ʻokoʻa, waiwai a me ka versatility." No laila, hōʻike nā manaʻo a me nā hana hoʻomohala o ka haku mele i ka dialectic o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻano.

Ke hoʻoikaika nei i ka "ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi" o ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka "palapala" o ka ʻōlelo mele e pili ana me ia, ua hoʻohui ʻo Taneyev i ka leka i haʻi ʻia iā MI Tchaikovsky: i ka mea hou. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ke manaʻo nei au he mea ʻole ka hana hou ʻana o ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia i ka wā ma mua, a ʻo ka nele o ka originality i loko o ka haku mele ʻana iaʻu ʻaʻole makemake loa iā ia <...>. Hiki paha i ka wā o nā mea hou i kēia manawa ke alakaʻi i ka hānau hou ʻana o ka ʻōlelo mele, e like me ka hana ʻino ʻana o ka ʻōlelo Latina e ka poʻe kamaʻāina i alakaʻi i kekahi mau kenekulia ma hope o ka puka ʻana o nā ʻōlelo hou.

* * *

ʻAʻole hoʻokahi ka "wā o Taneyev", akā ma ka liʻiliʻi ʻelua mau manawa. ʻO kāna mau mele mua, ʻo ia ka "makahiki like" me nā hana mua a Tchaikovsky, a ua hana ʻia nā mea hope i ka manawa like me nā opuses oʻo o Stravinsky, Myaskovsky, Prokofiev. Ua ulu aʻe ʻo Taneyev a lilo i ke ʻano i nā makahiki i ka wā i ikaika ai nā kūlana o ka romanticism mele a, ʻōlelo paha kekahi, ua lanakila. I ka manawa like, i ka ʻike ʻana i nā kaʻina o ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua hōʻike ka mea haku mele i ke ʻano o ka hoʻāla hou ʻana o nā kuʻuna o ka classicism a me ka baroque, i hōʻike ʻia iā ia iho ma Kelemania (Brahms a ma hope o Reger) a me Palani (Frank, d'Andy) mele.

ʻO ka lilo ʻana o Taneyev i ʻelua mau manawa i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka pāʻani o kahi ola kūleʻa waho, kahi kuhi hewa ʻole o kāna mau makemake a me nā mea hoʻokani pila. ʻO ka nui o kona mau manaʻo, nā ʻono, nā ʻiʻini i ʻike ʻole ʻia, ʻoki ʻia mai ka ʻike maoli a puni, a me ka retrograde. ʻO ka mamao o ka mōʻaukala e hiki ai ke "hoʻokomo" iā Taneyev i ke kiʻi o kona ola hou. ʻIke ʻia ʻo kona pili ʻana me nā koi nui a me nā ʻano o ka moʻomeheu lāhui he mea kūlohelohe a lehulehu, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e moe i luna. ʻO Taneyev, me kāna kumu mua, me nā hiʻohiʻona kumu o kāna ʻike honua a me kona ʻano, ke keiki o kona manawa a me kona ʻāina. ʻO ka ʻike o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kiʻi i ke kenekulia XNUMXth hiki ke ʻike i nā ʻano hoʻohiki o kahi mea mele e manaʻo nei i kēia kenekulia.

No kēia mau kumu a pau, ua paʻakikī loa ke ola o nā mele a Taneyev mai kinohi mai, a ua hōʻike ʻia kēia ma ka hana pono o kāna mau hana (ka helu a me ka maikaʻi o nā hana), a me kā lākou ʻike e nā poʻe hou. ʻO ka maikaʻi o Taneyev ma ke ʻano he mea haku mele naʻau i hoʻoholo nui ʻia e nā pae hoʻohālike o kona au. Hāʻawi ʻia ka nui o nā mea e ka hoʻohewa ola. Hōʻike nā loiloi i ke ʻano o ka ʻike a me ke ʻano o ka "untimeliness" o ka hana a Taneyev. Aneane na mea hoowahawaha kaulana a pau i kakau e pili ana ia Taneyev: Ts. A. Cui, GA Larosh, ND Kashkin, a laila SN Kruglikov, VG Karatygin, Yu. Findeizen, AV Ossovsky, LL Sabaneev a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Aia nā manaʻo hoihoi loa i nā leka iā Taneyev na Tchaikovsky, Glazunov, ma nā leka a me "Chronicles ..." na Rimsky-Korsakov.

Nui nā manaʻo hoʻoholo i nā ʻatikala a me nā loiloi. Kokoke ka poʻe a pau i mahalo i ke akamai o ka haku mele. Akā ʻaʻole i emi iki ka "ʻaoʻao o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻole". A inā, e pili ana i nā hana mua, nui nā ʻōlelo hōʻino o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, ʻike ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā mea kahiko a i kekahi ʻano kūpono, a laila he ʻano ʻokoʻa nā ʻatikala o nā 90s a me 900s mua. ʻO kēia ka hapa nui o ka hoʻohewa ʻana mai nā kūlana romanticism a, e pili ana i ka opera, psychological realism. ʻAʻole hiki ke loiloi ʻia ka assimilation o nā ʻano o ka wā i hala ma ke ʻano he kumu a ua ʻike ʻia he retrospective a stylistic unevenness, heterogeneity. He haumāna, hoa, mea kākau o nā ʻatikala a me nā memo e pili ana iā Taneyev – Yu. Ua kākau ʻo D. Engel ma kahi obituary: "Ma hope o Scriabin, ka mea nāna i hana i nā mele o ka wā e hiki mai ana, lawe ʻia ka make iā Taneyev, nona ka mea i paʻa loa i ka manaʻo o nā mele o ka wā i hala."

Akā i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke kenekulia 1913, ua ala mua ke kumu no ka hoʻomaopopo piha ʻana i nā pilikia mōʻaukala a me nā stylistic o nā mele a Taneyev. Ma kēia mea, he mea hoihoi nā ʻatikala a VG Karatygin, ʻaʻole wale nā ​​​​mea i hoʻolaʻa iā Taneyev. Ma kahi ʻatikala XNUMX, "The Newest Trends in Western European Music," ua hoʻopili ʻo ia - e ʻōlelo nui ana iā Frank lāua ʻo Reger - ka hoʻōla hou ʻana o nā kuʻuna kahiko me nā mele "modernity." Ma kekahi ʻatikala, ua hōʻike ka mea hoʻohewa i kahi manaʻo maikaʻi e pili ana iā Taneyev ma ke ʻano he pani pololei i kekahi o nā laina o ka hoʻoilina o Glinka. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka misionari mōʻaukala o Taneyev a me Brahms, ʻo nā ʻano ʻino i loaʻa i ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana o ka moʻomeheu kahiko i ka wā o ka romanticism i hala, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Karatygin "ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mōʻaukala o Taneyev no Russia ma mua o Brahms no Kelemania", kahi "ʻo ka moʻomeheu kahiko i ikaika loa, ikaika a pale ". I Rusia, akā naʻe, ʻo ka moʻomeheu kahiko maoli, e hele mai ana mai Glinka mai, ʻaʻole i hoʻomohala ʻia ma mua o nā laina ʻē aʻe o Glinka. Eia naʻe, i loko o ka ʻatikala hoʻokahi, ua hōʻike ʻo Karatygin iā Taneyev ma ke ʻano he haku mele, "he mau kenekulia i hala i ka hānau ʻana i ka honua"; ʻO ke kumu o ke aloha ʻole i kāna mele, ʻike ka mea hoʻohewa i kona kūlike ʻole me "nā kumu noʻonoʻo a me nā kumu noʻonoʻo o ka wā hou, me kāna mau manaʻo i ʻōlelo ʻia no ka hoʻomohala nui ʻana o nā mea harmonic a me nā kala kala o ke kiʻi mele." ʻO ka hui ʻana o nā inoa ʻo Glinka lāua ʻo Taneyev kekahi o nā manaʻo punahele a BV Asafiev, nāna i hana i nā hana he nui e pili ana iā Taneyev a ʻike i kāna hana a me kāna hana i ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka moʻomeheu mele Lūkini: nani ke koʻikoʻi i kāna hana. hana, a laila no ia, ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki o ka evolution o Russian mele ma hope o ka make ana o Glinka, SI Taneyev, theoretically and creatively. ʻO ka mea ʻepekema ma aneʻi ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana polyphonic (me ke kākau koʻikoʻi) i nā melo Lūkini.

ʻO nā manaʻo a me ke ʻano o kāna haumāna ʻo BL Yavorsky i hoʻokumu nui ʻia ma ke aʻo ʻana i ka haku mele a me ka hana ʻepekema a Taneyev.

I ka makahiki 1940, ʻo ka manaʻo o kahi pilina ma waena o ka hana a Taneyev a me nā haku haku Soviet Russian - N. Ya. Myaskovsky, V. Ya. Shebalin, DD Shostakovich - nona ka Vl. V. Protopopov. ʻO kāna mau hana ka mea nui loa i ke aʻo ʻana i ke ʻano o Taneyev a me ka ʻōlelo mele ma hope o Asafiev, a ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili o nā ʻatikala i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia e ia, i paʻi ʻia i ka makahiki 1947, ua lawelawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he monograph hui. Nui nā mea e pili ana i ke ola a me ka hana a Taneyev i loko o ka puke biographical i kākau ʻia a GB Bernandt. ʻO ka monograph a LZ Korabelnikova "Creativity of SI Taneyev: Historical and Stylistic Research" i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā pilikia mōʻaukala a me nā stylistic o ka hoʻoilina haku mele o Taneyev ma ke kumu o kāna waihona waiwai nui a ma ke ʻano o ka moʻomeheu artistic o ka wā.

ʻO ke kinona o ka pilina ma waena o ʻelua mau kenekulia - ʻelua mau manawa, kahi kuʻuna hou hou, ʻo Taneyev ma kāna ʻano ponoʻī i hoʻoikaika "i nā kahakai hou", a ʻo ka nui o kāna mau manaʻo a me kāna incarnations i hōʻea i nā kahakai o ka wā hou.

L. Korabelnikova

• Chamber-instrumental creativity o Taneyev →
• ʻO ke aloha o Taneyev →
• Nā hana mele a Taneyev →
• Nā memo na Taneyev ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka clavier o The Queen of Spades