Myron Polyakin (Miron Polyakin) |

ʻO Miron Polyakin

ʻO Miron Polyakin lāua ʻo Jascha Heifetz ʻelua mau ʻelele koʻikoʻi o ke kula violin kaulana honua o Leopold Auer a, ma nā ʻano he nui, ʻelua o kāna mau antipodes. ʻO ka pāʻani wiwo ʻole a me ka hanohano o Heifetz, ʻokoʻa loa ia mai ka pāʻani ʻoluʻolu a me ka hoʻoulu aloha ʻana o Polyakin. A me he mea la, ua kalaiia laua e ka lima o ka haku hookahi.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Miron Borisovich Polyakin ma Pepeluali 12, 1895 ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Cherkasy, ka ʻāina ʻo Vinnitsa, i loko o kahi ʻohana mele. Ua hoʻomaka ka makua kāne, he alakaʻi alakaʻi, violinist a me kumu, e aʻo i kāna keiki mele i ke kakahiaka nui. Ua loaʻa iā Māmā ma ke ʻano he mana mele koʻikoʻi. ʻO ia kaʻawale, me ke kōkua ʻole o nā kumu, ua aʻo ʻo ia e hoʻokani i ka violin a, kokoke me ka ʻike ʻole i nā memo, hoʻokani ʻo ia i nā ʻahamele ma ka home ma ka pepeiao, e hana hou ana i ka repertoire o kāna kāne. Ua hānai ʻia ke keikikāne mai ka wā kamaliʻi ma ke ʻano mele.

Lawe pinepine kona makuakāne iā ia i ka opera me ia a hoʻokomo iā ia i loko o ka orkestra ma hope ona. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ka pēpē, luhi i nā mea a pau āna i ʻike ai a lohe ai, ua hiamoe koke, a ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia ʻo ia i ka home. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke hana me ka ʻole o ka ʻike, ʻo kekahi o ia, e hōʻike ana i ke kālena mele koʻikoʻi o ke keikikāne, makemake ʻo Polyakin iā ia iho e haʻi. Ua ʻike ka poʻe hoʻokani pila i ka maikaʻi o kona ʻike ʻana i ke mele o kēlā mau hana keaka, āna i kipa pinepine ai. A i kekahi lā, ʻo ka mea pāʻani timpani, he mea ʻona weliweli, i hoʻopiha ʻia e ka make wai i ka inu, hoʻokomo iā Polyakin liʻiliʻi ma ka timpani ma kahi o ia iho a noi iā ia e pāʻani i kāna ʻāpana. Ua hana maikaʻi ka mea hoʻokani pila. Ua liʻiliʻi ʻo ia ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kona helehelena ma hope o ka console, a ua ʻike kona makuakāne i ka "mea hoʻokani" ma hope o ka hana. ʻO Polyakin i kēlā manawa ma mua o 5 mau makahiki. No laila, ʻo ka hana mua ma ke kahua mele i kona ola.

Ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻohana Polyakin e kahi pae moʻomeheu kiʻekiʻe no nā mea hoʻokani pila. Ua pili kona makuahine i ka mea kākau Iudaio kaulana ʻo Sholom Aleichem, nāna i kipa pinepine i nā Polyakins ma ka home. Ua ʻike a aloha nui ʻo Sholom Aleichem i ko lākou ʻohana. I loko o ke ʻano o Miron aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona like me ka ʻohana kaulana - he makemake no ka hoʻomākeʻaka, ka nānā ʻana, i hiki ai ke ʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau i ke ʻano o ka poʻe āna i hālāwai ai. ʻO kahi pili pili o kona makuakāne ʻo ia ka bass operatic kaulana ʻo Medvedev.

Ua hoʻokani ʻo Miron i ka violin i ka wā mua, a ua kaumaha loa kona makuahine i kēia. Akā, mai ka makahiki ʻelua o ke aʻo ʻana, ua aloha ʻo ia i ka violin, lilo i mea hoʻohui i nā papa, hoʻokani ʻona i ka lā a pau. Ua lilo ka violin i kona makemake, i pio no ke ola.

I ka makahiki 7 o Miron, ua make kona makuahine. Ua hoʻoholo ka makuakāne e hoʻouna i ke keikikāne i Kiev. Nui ka ʻohana, a ʻaʻole mālama ʻia ʻo Miron. Eia kekahi, ua hopohopo ka makuakāne no ka hoʻonaʻauao mele a kāna keiki. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke kuhikuhi hou aku i kāna mau haʻawina me ke kuleana i koi ʻia e ka makana o ke keiki. Ua lawe ʻia ʻo Myron i Kyiv a hoʻouna ʻia i kahi kula mele, ʻo ke alakaʻi o ia mea he haku mele koʻikoʻi, kahi mele mele Ukrainian NV Lysenko.

ʻO ke kālena kupaianaha o ke keiki i hoʻokumu i ka manaʻo hohonu iā Lysenko. Ua hāʻawiʻo ia iā Polyakin e mālama iā Elena Nikolaevna Vonsovskaya, he kumu kaulana ma Kiev i kēlā mau makahiki, nāna i alakaʻi i ka papa violin. He makana hoʻonaʻauao koʻikoʻi ko Vonsovskaya. ʻOiai, ua kamaʻilio ʻo Auer iā ia me ka mahalo nui. Wahi a ka hōʻike a ke keiki a Vonsovskaya, ke kaukaʻi o ka Leningrad Conservatory AK Butsky, i ka wā e kipa aku ai iā Kyiv, ua hōʻike mau ʻo Auer i kona mahalo iā ia, me ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo iā ia ua hele mai kāna haumāna Polyakin iā ia i kahi kūlana maikaʻi loa a ʻaʻole pono ʻo ia e hoʻoponopono i kekahi mea. kana pāʻani.

Ua aʻo ʻo Vonsovskaya ma ka Moscow Conservatory me Ferdinand Laub, nāna i hoʻokumu i ke kumu o ke kula violinists o Moscow. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ua hoʻopau koke ka make i kāna hana aʻo, akā naʻe, ua hōʻike nā haumāna āna i hoʻonaʻauao ai i kona ʻano maikaʻi ma ke ʻano he kumu.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona mua e ʻike nui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ka wā e pili ana i kahi ʻano hopohopo a me ke ʻano e like me kā Polyakin. No laila, hiki ke mana'o'ia ua a'o ka po'e'ōpiopio'o Polyakin i kekahi degere a i 'ole i nā loina o ke kula Laubov. A ʻo kona noho ʻana ma ka papa ʻo Vonsovskaya ʻaʻole ia he pōkole: ua aʻo ʻo ia me ia no kahi o 4 mau makahiki a hele i kahi repertoire koʻikoʻi a paʻakikī, a hiki i nā ʻahamele o Mendelssohn, Beethoven, Tchaikovsky. Ua hele pinepine ke keiki a Vonsovskaya Butskaya i nā haʻawina. Hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia, ʻo ke aʻo ʻana me Auer, Polyakin, i kāna wehewehe ʻana i ka Concerto a Mendelssohn, ua mālama nui ʻia mai ka puke a Laub. No laila, i kekahi manawa, ua hui pū ʻo Polyakin i kāna mau mea hana kiʻi o ke kula ʻo Laub me ke kula ʻo Auer, ʻoiaʻiʻo, me ka mana o ka hope.

Ma hope o 4 mau makahiki o ke aʻo ʻana me Vonsovskaya, ma ke koi ʻana o NV Lysenko, ua hele ʻo Polyakin i St.

I ka makahiki 1900, aia ʻo Auer i ke kiʻekiʻe o kāna kaulana aʻo. Hoʻopili maoli nā haumāna iā ia mai nā wahi a pau o ka honua, a ʻo kāna papa ma ka Conservatory o St. Ua loaʻa pū ʻo Polyakin iā Ephraim Zimbalist lāua ʻo Kathleen Parlow ma ka conservatory; I kēlā manawa, ua aʻo ʻo Mikhail Piastre, Richard Burgin, Cecilia Ganzen, a me Jascha Heifetz ma lalo o Auer. A i waena o kēlā mau violinists maikaʻi, ua lawe ʻo Polyakin i kahi o nā wahi mua.

Ma ka waihona o ka St. Petersburg Conservatory, ua mālama ʻia nā puke hoʻokolokolo me nā memo a Auer lāua ʻo Glazunov e pili ana i ka holomua o nā haumāna. Mahalo ʻia e ka pāʻani a kāna haumāna, ma hope o ka hoʻokolohua 1910, ua hana ʻo Auer i kahi leka pōkole akā hōʻike maoli i kona inoa - ʻekolu mau kaha hoʻōho (!!!), me ka hoʻohui ʻole ʻana i kahi huaʻōlelo iā lākou. Ua hāʻawi ʻo Glazunov i kēia wehewehe ʻana: "He kiʻi nui ka hoʻokō. ʻenehana maikaʻi loa. Leo hoʻohiwahiwa. ʻŌlelo maʻalahi. ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka lawe ʻana. Mākaukau Artist.

No kāna ʻoihana aʻo a pau ma ka Conservatory o St. Petersburg, ua hana ʻo Auer i ka māka hoʻokahi i ʻelua manawa - ʻekolu mau ʻōlelo hoʻōho: ma 1910 kokoke i ka inoa ʻo Cecilia Hansen a ma 1914 - kokoke i ka inoa ʻo Jascha Heifetz.

Ma hope o ka hoʻokolohua 1911, kākau ʻo Auer: "Kūpono!" Ma Glazunov, heluhelu mākou: "He kālena virtuoso papa mua. ʻO ka maikaʻi ʻenehana kupaianaha. Ka leo kūlohelohe. Ua piha ka hōʻike i ka hoʻoikaika. He mea kupanaha ka manao.

Ma St. Petersburg, noho hoʻokahi ʻo Polyakin, mamao loa mai kona ʻohana, a ua noi kona makuakāne i kona hoahānau ʻo David Vladimirovich Yampolsky (ʻanakala o V. Yampolsky, ka mea hoʻokani pila lōʻihi ʻo D. Oistrakh) e mālama iā ia. Ua komo nui ʻo Auer i ka hopena o ke keiki. Lilo koke ʻo Polyakin i kekahi o kāna mau haumāna punahele, a maʻa mau i kāna mau haumāna, mālama ʻo Auer iā ia e like me kāna hiki. I kekahi lā i hoʻopiʻi ai ʻo Yampolsky iā Auer, ma muli o ke aʻo ikaika ʻana, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Miron e hana nui, ua hoʻouna ʻo Auer iā ia i ke kauka a koi aku iā Yampolsky e hoʻokō pono i ka regimen i hāʻawi ʻia i ka mea maʻi: "E pane mai ʻoe iaʻu me kou poʻo. !”

I loko o ka pōʻai ʻohana, hoʻomanaʻo pinepine ʻo Polyakin i ka hoʻoholo ʻana o Auer e nānā inā e hana pololei ana ʻo ia i ka violin ma ka home, a, i ka ʻike malū ʻana, kū ʻo ia ma waho o nā puka no ka manawa lōʻihi, e hoʻolohe ana i kāna pāʻani haumāna. "ʻAe, maikaʻi ʻoe!" wahi āna i kona komo ʻana i loko o ka lumi. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻo Auer i ka poʻe palaualelo, ʻoiai ʻo kā lākou talena. He kanaka paʻahana ponoʻī ʻo ia, ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa ka ʻike maoli me ka hana ʻole. ʻO ka hoʻolaʻa ʻole o Polyakin i ka violin, ʻo kāna hana nui a me ka hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka lā āpau i lanakila ai ʻo Auer.

I ka huli ʻana, ua pane aku ʻo Polyakin iā Auer me ke aloha nui. No ia, ʻo Auer nā mea a pau o ka honua - he kumu, kumu, hoa, makua kāne lua, ʻoʻoleʻa, koi a ma ka manawa like ke aloha a me ka mālama.

Ua oo koke ke talena o Polyakin. Ma ka lā 24 o Ianuali, 1909, ua mālama ʻia ka ʻaha mele mua loa o ka violinist ʻōpio ma ka Hale Liʻiliʻi o ka Conservatory. Ua hoʻokani ʻo Polyakin i ka Handel's Sonata (Es-dur), Venyavsky's Concerto (d-moli), Beethoven's Romance, Paganini's Caprice, Tchaikovsky's Melody a me Sarasate's Gypsy Melodies. I Kekemapa o ia makahiki, ma ke ahiahi haumāna ma ka conservatory, ua hoʻokani pū ʻo ia me Cecilia Ganzen, e hoʻokani ana i ka Concerto no ʻelua violins na J.-S. ʻO Bach. Ma Malaki 12, 1910, hoʻokani ʻo ia i nā ʻāpana II a me III o ka Tchaikovsky Concerto, a ma ka lā 22 o Nowemapa, me ka mea hoʻokani pila, ka Concerto in g-moll na M. Bruch.

Ua koho ʻia ʻo Polyakin mai ka papa o Auer e komo i ka hoʻolauleʻa ʻana o ka 50th anniversary o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka St. Petersburg Conservatory, i mālama ʻia ma Dekemaba 16, 1912. Part I o Tchaikovsky's Violin Concerto “ua hoʻokani maikaʻi ʻia e Mr. Polyakin, he haumana akamai o Auer,” i kākau ai ka mea hoʻokani mele ʻo V. Karatygin ma kahi hōʻike pōkole e pili ana i ka ʻahaʻaina.

Ma hope o ka ʻaha mele mua loa, ua hāʻawi aku kekahi mau ʻoihana i nā makana maikaʻi iā Polyakin e hoʻonohonoho i kāna mau hana ma ke kapikala a me nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe o Rūsia. Akā naʻe, ua kūʻē ʻo Auer, me ka manaʻo he hikiwawe loa ka hele ʻana o kāna holoholona i kahi ala noʻeau. Akā naʻe, ma hope o ka ʻaha mele ʻelua, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Auer e lawe i kahi manawa a ʻae iā Polyakin e hele i Riga, Warsaw a me Kyiv. Ma ka waihona o Polyakin, ua mālama ʻia nā loiloi o ka metropolitan a me ka panalāʻau e pili ana i kēia mau ʻaha mele, e hōʻike ana he lanakila nui lākou.

Noho ʻo Polyakin ma ka conservatory a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 1918 a, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kahi palapala hoʻonaʻauao, hele i waho. Ua mālama ʻia kāna faila pilikino i loko o nā waihona o ka Conservatory Petrograd, ʻo ka hope o nā palapala i hōʻike ʻia i ka lā 19 Ianuali 1918, i hāʻawi ʻia i "kahi haumāna o ka Conservatory, ʻo Miron Polyakin, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo ia i ka wā hoʻomaha i nā mea āpau. nā kūlanakauhale o Rusia a hiki i Pepeluali 10, 1918.

Ma mua koke o kēlā, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi kono e hele i ka huakaʻi i Norewai, Denmark a me Suedena. Ua hoʻopaneʻe nā ʻaelike i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kona hoʻi ʻana i kona ʻāina hānau, a laila holo mālie ka hana ʻahamele, a no 4 mau makahiki ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka huakaʻi i nā ʻāina Scandinavian a me Kelemania.

Hāʻawi nā ʻaha mele iā Polyakin me ka kaulana ʻEulopa. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā loiloi o kāna mau hana i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka manaʻo mahalo. "Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Miron Polyakin i mua o ka lehulehu o Berlin ma ke ʻano he violinist piha a haku. Maoli loa i ka hana hanohano a me ka hilinaʻi, ka mele mele maikaʻi loa, ka pololei o ka intonation a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka cantilena, hāʻawi mākou i ka mana (ʻoiaʻiʻo: ola. - LR) o ka papahana, poina iā mākou iho a me ka haku ʻōpio ... "

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki 1922, ua hele ʻo Polyakin i ka moana a pae i New York. Ua hele mai ʻo ia i ʻAmelika i ka manawa i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā pūʻali koa kaulana: Fritz Kreisler, Leopold Auer, Jasha Heifetz, Efrem Zimbalist, Mikhail Elman, Tosha Seidel, Kathleen Larlow, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. He mea koʻikoʻi loa ka hoʻokūkū, a ʻo ka hana i mua o New York i hao ʻia, ua lilo ka lehulehu i kuleana. Eia naʻe, ua hele maikaʻi ʻo Polyakin i ka hoʻāʻo. ʻO kāna hana mua, i hana ʻia ma Pepeluali 27, 1922 ma Town Hall, ua uhi ʻia e kekahi mau nūpepa ʻAmelika nui. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā loiloi i ʻike i ke kālena papa mua, ka hana kupanaha a me ke ʻano maʻalahi o ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana i hana ʻia.

ʻO nā'ahamele a Polyakin ma Mexico, kahi āna i hele ai ma hope o New York, ua holomua. Mai ʻaneʻi hele hou ʻo ia i ʻAmelika, kahi i loaʻa iā ia ka makana mua ma ka "World Violin Competition" i ka makahiki 1925 no ka hana ʻana o ka Tchaikovsky Concerto. Akā naʻe, ʻoiai ka kūleʻa, ua huki ʻia ʻo Polyakin i kona ʻāina hānau. I ka makahiki 1926, ho'i 'o ia i ka Soviet Union.

Ua hoʻomaka ka wā Soviet o ke ola o Polyakin ma Leningrad, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia ai ʻo ia i professorship ma ka conservatory. ʻO ka'ōpiopio, piha i ka ikehu a me ka puhi ahi, kahi mea pena kiʻi a me ka mea keaka i hoʻohuli koke i ka manaʻo o ke kaiāulu mele Soviet a loaʻa koke ka kaulana. ʻO kēlā me kēia o kāna mau'ahamele i mea nui i ke ola mele ma Moscow, Leningrad a iʻole ma nā kūlanakauhale o ka "periphery", no ka mea, ua kapaʻia nā māhele o ka Soviet Union, kahi mamao mai ke kikowaena, i nā makahiki 20. Hoʻokomo ʻo Polyakin i kahi hana ʻaha mele ʻino, e hana ana ma nā keʻena philharmonic a me nā hui limahana. A ma nā wahi a pau, i mua o ka mea āna i pāʻani ai, loaʻa mau iā ia kahi anaina mahalo. Ua hoʻohauʻoli ʻia kāna kiʻi ahi i ka poʻe hoʻolohe mele o nā ʻaha mele a me nā malihini i hoʻonaʻauao ʻia i ka Philharmonic. He makana kakaikahi kāna e ʻimi ai i ke ala i ka puʻuwai o nā kānaka.

I ka hōʻea ʻana i ka Soviet Union, ua ʻike ʻo Polyakin iā ia iho i mua o kahi anaina hou loa, ʻaʻole maʻamau a ʻike ʻole iā ia mai nā ʻahamele ma mua o ke kipi o Rūsia a i ʻole nā ​​​​hana ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole i kipa ʻia nā hale ʻaha mele e ka poʻe naʻauao wale nō, akā e nā limahana pū kekahi. Nui nā ʻaha mele no nā limahana a me nā limahana i hoʻolauna i ka lehulehu ākea o ka poʻe i ke mele. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i loli wale ke ʻano o ka hui philharmonic. Ma lalo o ka mana o ke ola hou, ua loli ke ʻano o ka poʻe Soviet, ko lākou ʻike honua, nā ʻono a me nā koi no ke kiʻi. ʻO nā mea a pau i hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻia, decadent a i ʻole salon he mea ʻē i ka lehulehu hana, a lilo mālie i malihini i nā ʻelele o ka poʻe akamai kahiko.

Pono e loli ke ʻano hana o Polyakin i loko o ia ʻano? Hiki ke pane ʻia kēia nīnau ma kahi ʻatikala e ka mea ʻepekema Soviet ʻo Professor BA Struve, i kākau koke ʻia ma hope o ka make ʻana o ka mea pena. Ma ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o Polyakin ma ke ʻano he mea pena kiʻi, ua kākau ʻo Struve: "A pono e hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia e hōʻea ʻo Polyakin i ka piko o kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i nā kūlana o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā makahiki he ʻumikumamālima i hala o kona ola, ʻo ia ka ka lanakila hope loa o Polyakin, ka mea hookani violin Soviet. ʻAʻole ia he mea kūpono ʻole ka poʻe mele Soviet i nā hana mua o ka haku ma Moscow a me Leningrad i ʻike pinepine ʻia i kāna pāʻani ʻana i kahi mea i hiki ke kapa ʻia he pā o "nā ʻano like ʻole", kahi ʻano "salon", kūpono i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā Western European a me ʻAmelika. poe violinists. He mea ʻē kēia mau ʻano i ke ʻano noʻeau o Polyakin. Ma nā kūlana o ka moʻomeheu mele Soviet, ua lanakila koke ʻo Polyakin i kēia hemahema o kāna.

ʻO ke ʻano like ʻole o nā mea hoʻokani Soviet me nā mea ʻē aʻe i kēia manawa ua maʻalahi loa, ʻoiai ma kekahi ʻāpana hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he kūpono. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma nā ʻāina kapitalista i nā makahiki i noho ai ʻo Polyakin ma laila, he nui nā mea hoʻokani i makemake i ka stylization maʻemaʻe, aestheticism, nā ʻano like ʻole a me ka salonism. I ka manawa like, nui nā mea hoʻokani pila ma nā ʻāina ʻē i noho malihini ʻole i ia ʻano ʻano. ʻO Polyakin i kona wā e noho ai ma waho hiki ke loaʻa i nā mana like ʻole. Akā i ka ʻike ʻana iā Polyakin, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo aku aia ʻo ia i waena o nā mea hana i mamao loa mai ka aestheticism.

Ma kahi nui, ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo Polyakin e kahi hoʻomau kupaianaha o nā mea ʻono kiʻi, kahi hilinaʻi hohonu i nā manaʻo kiʻi i hāpai ʻia i loko ona mai kona wā ʻōpiopio. No laila, ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona o ka "ʻokoʻa" a me ka "salonness" i ke ʻano hana o Polyakin, inā i ʻike ʻia lākou, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia (e like me Struve) he mea ʻokoʻa wale nō a nalowale iā ia i ka wā i hui ai ʻo ia me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo Soviet.

Ua hoʻoikaika ʻia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo mele Soviet ma Polyakin i nā kumu democratic o kāna ʻano hana. Hele ʻo Polyakin i nā anaina me nā hana like, me ka makaʻu ʻole ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻomaopopo iā ia. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i hoʻokaʻawale i kāna repertoire i ka "maʻalahi" a me ka "paʻakikī", "philharmonic" a me ka "mass" a hana mālie i kahi hui limahana me Bach's Chaconne.

I ka makahiki 1928, ua huakaʻi hou aku ʻo Polyakin i nā ʻāina ʻē, e kipa ana iā Estonia, a ma hope i kaupalena ʻia ʻo ia i nā huakaʻi ʻahamele a puni nā kūlanakauhale o ka Soviet Union. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 30, ua hōʻea ʻo Polyakin i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke ʻano o ke ʻano a me ka naʻau o kona ʻano ma mua i loaʻa i kahi haʻahaʻa aloha kūikawā. Ma hope o kona hoʻi ʻana i kona ʻāina hānau, ua hala ke ola o Polyakin mai waho mai me ka ʻole o nā hanana kupaianaha. ʻO ia ke ola hana maʻamau o kahi mea pena kiʻi Soviet.

I ka makahiki 1935 ua male ʻo ia iā Vera Emmanuilovna Lurie; i ka makahiki 1936 ua neʻe ka ʻohana i Moscow, kahi i lilo ai ʻo Polyakin i kumu aʻoaʻo a me ke poʻo o ka papa violin ma ke Kula ʻo Excellence (Meister shule) ma ka Conservatory Moscow. I ka makahiki 1933, ua komo nui ʻo Polyakin i ka hoʻolauleʻa ʻana i ka makahiki 70 o ka Leningrad Conservatory, a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 1938 - i ka hoʻolauleʻa ʻana i kāna makahiki 75th. Ua hoʻokani ʻo Polyakin i ka Glazunov's Concerto a ʻo ia ahiahi ma kahi kiʻekiʻe hiki ʻole ke loaʻa. Me ka sculptural convexity, wiwo ole, nui hahau, ua hana hou ia sublimely nani kiʻi i mua o ka enchanted hoʻolohe, a me ke aloha o keia haku mele surprisingly harmoniously merged me ke aloha o ka artistic ano.

Ma ʻApelila 16, 1939, ua hoʻolauleʻa ʻia ka makahiki 25 o ka hana kiʻi a Polyakin ma Moscow. Ua mālama ʻia kahi ahiahi ma ka Hale Nui o ka Conservatory me ke komo ʻana o ka State Symphony Orchestra i alakaʻi ʻia e A. Gauk. Ua pane ʻo Heinrich Neuhaus me kahi ʻatikala pumehana ma ka lā hoʻomanaʻo. "ʻO kekahi o nā haumāna maikaʻi loa o ke kumu ʻoi ʻole o ka hana violin, ʻo Auer kaulana," i kākau ai ʻo Neuhaus, "Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Polyakin i kēia ahiahi me ka nani o kona akamai. He aha ka mea e hoʻopio ai iā mākou i ke ʻano kiʻi o Polyakin? ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo kona makemake ma ke ʻano he mea pena-violinist. He mea paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo i kahi kanaka e hana i kāna hana me ke aloha a me ke aloha, a ʻaʻole kēia he mea liʻiliʻi: maikaʻi ke hoʻokani mele maikaʻi ma ka violin maikaʻi. He mea 'ē aʻe paha, akā, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole e pāʻani ʻo Polyakin i nā manawa a pau, he mau lā o ka kūleʻa a me ka hāʻule ʻole (hoʻohālikelike, ʻoiaʻiʻo), noʻu e hoʻoikaika hou i ka hana maoli o kona ʻano. ʻO ka mea mālama i kāna hana me ka makemake nui, me ka lili, ʻaʻole loa ia e aʻo e hana i nā huahana maʻamau - kāna hana lehulehu me ka pololei o ka hale hana. He mea hoihoi loa ia i ka lā o ka lā hoʻomanaʻo, ua hoʻokani ʻo Polyakin i ka Tchaikovsky Concerto (ka mea mua i ka papahana), kahi āna i pāʻani ai i mau tausani a me nā tausani o nā manawa (ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i kēia ʻaha mele i kona wā ʻōpio - ke hoʻomanaʻo nei au i kekahi. ʻO kāna mau hana, i ke kauwela ma Pavlovsk i ka makahiki 1915), akā ua pāʻani ʻo ia me ka hauʻoli a me ka haʻalulu, me he mea lā ʻaʻole ʻo ia e hoʻokani nei no ka manawa mua, akā me he mea lā ʻo ia e hoʻokani ana ia mea no ka manawa mua ma mua o kahi nui. anaina. A inā hiki i kekahi mau "connoisseurs koʻikoʻi" ke ʻike ma nā wahi i kani iki ai ka Concerto, a laila pono e ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo kēia haʻalulu ka ʻiʻo a me ke koko o ke akamai maoli, a ʻo ka Concerto, hoʻokani ʻia a hahau ʻia, kani hou ʻia, ʻōpio. , hoʻoulu a nani. .

ʻO ka hopena o ka ʻatikala a Neuhaus he mea hoihoi, kahi āna i ʻike ai i ka hakakā ʻana o nā manaʻo e pili ana iā Polyakin a me Oistrakh, ka mea i lanakila i ka kaulana i kēlā manawa. Ua kākauʻo Neuhaus: "I ka hopena, makemake wau e'ōlelo iʻelua mau hua'ōlelo: i loko o kā mākou lehulehu he "Polyakins" a me "Oistrakhists", no ka mea, aia nā "Hilelists" a me "Flierists", a me nā mea'ē aʻe. Hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao o kā lākou predilections, hoʻomanaʻo kekahi i nā huaʻōlelo i hōʻike mua ʻia e Goethe i ke kamaʻilio ʻana me Eckermann: "I kēia manawa ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ka lehulehu no nā makahiki he iwakālua no ka mea ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe: ʻo Schiller a ʻo wau paha? ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi inā ʻoliʻoli lākou no ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mau hoa maikaʻi i kūpono ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa. ʻŌlelo akamai! E hauʻoli maoli kākou e nā hoa, no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hoa paio ʻoi aʻe ma mua o hoʻokahi.

Auwe! ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ʻaʻohe pono e "hoʻopaʻapaʻa" e pili ana iā Polyakin - ʻelua makahiki ma hope ua hala ʻo ia! Ua make ʻo Polyakin i ka wā mua o kona ola hana. I kona hoʻi ʻana mai i ka lā 21 o Mei, 1941 mai kahi huakaʻi, ua ʻeha ʻo ia ma ke kaʻaahi. Ua hiki koke mai ka hopena - ua hōʻole ka naʻau e hana, e ʻoki ana i kona ola i ka zenith o kāna ulu ʻana.

Ua aloha nā kānaka a pau iā Polyakin, ua ʻike ʻia kona haʻalele ʻana ma ke ʻano he kaumaha. No ka hanauna holoʻokoʻa o nā violinists Soviet, ʻo ia ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka mea pena kiʻi, ka mea pena a me ka mea hoʻokani, kahi i like ai lākou, a lākou i kūlou ai a aʻo mai.

I loko o kahi obituary kaumaha, ua kākau kekahi o nā hoaaloha pili loa o ka mea i make, ʻo Heinrich Neuhaus: "… Ua hala ʻo Miron Polyakin. ʻAʻole ʻoe i manaʻoʻiʻo i ka hoʻomaha ʻana o kahi kanaka i hoʻomaha mau i ka manaʻo kiʻekiʻe a maikaʻi loa o ka ʻōlelo. Mahalo mākou ma Polyakino i kona aloha ʻōpio no kāna hana, kāna hana hoʻomau a hoʻoikaika ʻia, ka mea i koho mua i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o kāna mau hana hana, a me ke ʻano nani a poina ʻole o kahi mea pena kiʻi. Aia ma waena o ka poʻe violinists he mau mea hoʻokani pila e like me Heifetz, e pāʻani mau ana i ka ʻuhane o ka haku haku mele, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻōki ʻoe i ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻano o ka mea hoʻokani. ʻO kēia keʻano o "Parnassian performer", "Olympian". Akā, ʻaʻohe mea i hana ʻia e Polyakin, ʻo kāna pāʻani ʻana i ke ʻano o ke ʻano pilikino, kekahi ʻano o ka nānā ʻana i kāna kiʻi, no laila ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke lilo i mea ʻē aʻe iā ia iho. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka hana a Polyakin: ʻenehana akamai, nani nani o ke kani, hauʻoli a me ka hohonu o ka hana. Akā ʻo ka maikaʻi maikaʻi loa o Polyakin ma ke ʻano he mea pena a he kanaka kona ʻoiaʻiʻo. ʻAʻole like like kāna mau hana ʻaha mele no ka mea ua lawe mai ka mea pena i kona mau manaʻo, nā manaʻo, nā ʻike me ia i ke kahua, a ua hilinaʻi ke kiʻekiʻe o kāna pāʻani iā ​​​​lākou… "

ʻO ka poʻe a pau i kākau e pili ana iā Polyakin i kuhikuhi pinepine i ke kumu o kāna hana hana. ʻO Polyakin "he mea pena kiʻi o ke kanaka kūʻokoʻa, ka moʻomeheu kiʻekiʻe a me ke akamai. ʻO kāna ʻano pāʻani he kumu maoli ia e ʻōlelo ai kekahi i kāna pāʻani ʻana ma ke ʻano kūikawā - ke ʻano o Polyakin. Ua hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano pilikino i nā mea āpau - ma kahi ʻano kūikawā kūikawā i nā hana i hana ʻia. ʻO nā mea a pau āna i pāʻani ai, heluhelu mau ʻo ia i nā hana "ma ke ʻano Polani." I kēlā me kēia hana, ua hoʻokomo ʻo ia, ʻo ka mea mua, iā ia iho, ka ʻuhane hauʻoli o ka mea pena. ʻO nā manaʻo e pili ana iā Polyakin e kamaʻilio mau e pili ana i ka hauʻoli hoʻomaha, ka huhū wela o kāna pāʻani, e pili ana i kāna makemake kiʻi, e pili ana i ka "nerve" Polyakin maʻamau. ʻO ka poʻe a pau i lohe i kēia mea hoʻokani pila, ua kāhāhā nui lākou i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka wikiwiki o kona ʻike i ke mele. Hiki i kekahi ke ʻōlelo maoli e pili ana iā ia he mea pena ʻo ia i ka hoʻoulu ʻana, kiʻekiʻe romantic pathos.

No ia, ʻaʻohe mele maʻamau, a ʻaʻole ʻo ia e huli i kēlā mele. Ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka hoʻonani ʻana i kekahi kiʻi mele ma ke ʻano kūikawā, e hoʻonani iā ​​​​ia me ka nani. He nani ka hana a Polyakin, akā, ʻaʻole ma muli o ka nani o ka hana ʻana i nā leo abstract, akā ma ka nani o nā ʻike kanaka.

Loaʻa iā ia kahi manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole o ka uʻi, a no kona ʻiʻini a me kona ʻiʻini, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ʻoi aʻe i nā palena o ka nani. ʻO ka ʻono maikaʻi ʻole a me nā koi kiʻekiʻe iā ia iho i pale mau iā ia mai nā exaggerations i hiki ke hoʻohuli a i ʻole i kekahi ʻano e hōʻino i ka lokahi o nā kiʻi, nā kuʻuna o ka hōʻike kiʻi. ʻO nā mea a pau a Polyakin i hoʻopā ai, ʻaʻole i haʻalele ke ʻano nani o ka nani iā ​​ia no hoʻokahi manawa. ʻO nā unahi ʻo Polyakin i hoʻokani mele, e loaʻa ana ke kūlike kupaianaha, ka hohonu a me ka nani o ke kani. ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo ka nani a me ke kaulike o ko lākou kani. Wahi a MI Fikhtengolts, ka mea i aʻo me Polyakin, Polyakin pāʻani unahi vividly, figuratively, a ua ike lakou me he mea la lakou i kekahi o ka hana o ka noʻeau, a me ka 'ike loea. Me he mea lā ua lawe ʻo Polyakin iā lākou mai kahi pāʻani a i ʻole kahi mele a hāʻawi iā lākou i kahi kiʻi kikoʻī. ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia ke kiʻi i ka manaʻo o ke ʻano hana, i kekahi manawa ke hoʻāʻo nā mea hoʻokani e "hoʻokomo" i kahi kiʻi i loko o kahi pālākiō, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kāna "ʻiʻo" no lākou iho. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka manaʻo o ka figurativeness, ʻoiai, ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hana a Polyakin ma ke ʻano.

Ua komo nui ʻo Polyakin i nā kuʻuna o ke kula ʻo Auerian, a ʻo ia paha ka Auerian maʻemaʻe o nā haumāna āpau o kēia haku. I ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nā hana a Polyakin i kona wā ʻōpiopio, ua kākau kāna hoa papa, he mea hoʻokani pila Soviet kaulana ʻo LM Zeitlin: "Ua like ke ʻano o ka ʻenehana a me ka hoʻokani pila a ke keiki me ka hana a kāna kumu kaulana. I kekahi manawa he mea paʻakikī ke manaʻoʻiʻo he keiki ke kū nei ma ke kahua, ʻaʻole ia he mea pena kanaka makua.

Hōʻike maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻono aesthetic o Polyakin e kāna repertoire. ʻO Bach, Beethoven, Brahms, Mendelssohn, a me nā mea haku mele Lūkini ʻo Tchaikovsky lāua ʻo Glazunov kāna mau kiʻi. Ua uku ʻia ka mahalo i nā palapala virtuoso, akā i ka mea a Auer i ʻike ai a aloha ʻia - nā concerto a Paganini, ʻo Ernst's Otello a me Hungarian Melodies, nā hula Spanish a Sarasate, i hana ʻia e Polyakin incomparably, Lalo's Spanish symphony. Ua kokoke ʻo ia i ke ʻano o ka Impressionists. Ua ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia e hoʻokani i ka violin transcriptions o nā pāʻani a Debussy – “Girl with Flaxen Hair”, etc.

ʻO kekahi o nā hana koʻikoʻi o kāna repertoire ʻo Chausson's Poem. Ua makemake pū ʻo ia i nā pāʻani a Shimanovsky - "Myths", "The Song of Roxana". ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Polyakin i nā palapala hou loa o nā makahiki 20 a me 30 a ʻaʻole i hana i nā pāʻani e Darius Miio, Alban Berg, Paul Hindemith, Bela Bartok, ʻaʻole e haʻi i ka hana a nā mea haku mele liʻiliʻi.

He liʻiliʻi nā hana a nā mea haku mele Soviet a hiki i ka pau ʻana o nā makahiki 30 (ua make ʻo Polyakin i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka violin Soviet). Ma waena o nā hana i loaʻa, ʻaʻole i kūpono nā mea a pau i kona makemake. No laila, ua hala ʻo ia i nā concerto violin a Prokofiev. Eia naʻe, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻāla i ka hoihoi i nā mele Soviet. Wahi a Fikhtengoltz, i ke kauwela o 1940, ua hana ʻo Polyakin me ka hoihoi ma Myaskovsky's Concerto.

ʻO kāna repertoire, kāna ʻano hoʻokani, kahi āna i kūpaʻa ai i nā kuʻuna o ke kula ʻo Auer, e hōʻike ana ua "haʻalele" ʻo ia i ka neʻe ʻana o ke kiʻi i mua, e ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani "ka wā kahiko", ʻaʻole kūlike me kona au, malihini i ka hana hou? ʻAʻole kūpono kēlā manaʻo e pili ana i kēia mea pena kiʻi kupaianaha. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hele i mua ma nā ʻano like ʻole - hōʻole, uhaki i ke kuʻuna, a hoʻonui paha. ʻO Polyakin ka mea maʻamau i ka hope. Mai nā kuʻuna o ka hana violin o ke kenekulia XNUMXth, ua koho ʻo Polyakin, me kona ʻano ʻano ʻano, i ka mea i pili pono me ka ʻike honua hou.

I ka pāʻani ʻana o Polyakin, ʻaʻohe ʻano o ka subjectivism i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a i ʻole stylization, o ka naʻau a me ka sentimentality, ka mea i hoʻoikaika nui iā lākou iho i ka hana o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Ma kona ʻano ponoʻī, ua hoʻoikaika ʻo ia i kahi ʻano pāʻani koa a me ka ʻoi loa, no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana. Hoʻoikaika mau nā mea loiloi a pau i ka hana keaka, ka "nerve" o ka hana a Polyakin; Ua nalowale nā ​​​​mea salon mai ka pāʻani a Polyakin.

Wahi a ke Kumu o ka Leningrad Conservatory N. Perelman, ʻo ia ka hoa o Polyakin no nā makahiki he nui i nā hana ʻaha mele, ua hoʻokani ʻo Polyakin i ka Beethoven's Kreutzer Sonata ma ke ʻano o nā violinists o ke kenekulia XNUMX - ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i ka hapa mua me ka wikiwiki, me ka haʻalulu a me ka hana keaka. kaomi virtuoso, ʻaʻole mai ka ʻike hoʻokani o loko o kēlā me kēia memo. Akā, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ia ʻano hana, ua hoʻolilo ʻo Polyakin i kāna hana i ka ikaika a me ke koʻikoʻi i lawe kokoke loa i kāna pāʻani i ka hōʻike nui o ke ʻano hana o kēia wā.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa o Polyakin ma ke ʻano he mea hana keaka, a ua pāʻani ʻo ia i nā wahi lyrical me ka wiwo ʻole. ʻAʻohe mea kupanaha ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma nā hana e koi ana i ke kani ʻana o ke kani ʻana - Bach's Chaconne, concertos na Tchaikovsky, Brahms. Akā naʻe, hoʻokani pinepine ʻo ia i ka Mendelssohn's Concerto, akā naʻe, ua hoʻokomo pū ʻo ia i kahi malu o ka wiwo ʻole i kāna mau mele. Ua ʻike ʻia ka manaʻo wiwo ʻole i ka wehewehe ʻana a Poliakin i ka concerto a Mendelssohn e kahi loiloi ʻAmelika ma hope o ka lua o ka hoʻokani pila a ka mea hoʻokani pila ma New York i ka makahiki 1922.

He mea unuhi kamahao o Polyakin i na haku violin a Tchaikovsky, a me kana concerto violin. Wahi a nā memo o kona mau hoa a me nā manaʻo pilikino o ka mea kākau o kēia mau laina, ua hoʻokani nui ʻo Polyakin i ka Concerto. Ua hoʻoikaika ʻo ia i nā ʻokoʻa ma nā ʻano āpau ma ka Māhele I, e pāʻani ana i kāna kumuhana nui me nā ala aloha; ʻO ke kumuhana lua o ka sonata allegro ua hoʻopiha ʻia me ka hauʻoli o loko, ka haʻalulu, a ua hoʻopiha ʻia ka Canzonetta me ka noi nui. I ka hopena, ua ʻike hou ʻia ka virtuosity o Polyakin, e lawelawe ana i ke kumu o ka hana ʻana i kahi hana koʻikoʻi. Me ke aloha aloha, ua hana pū ʻo Polyakin i nā hana e like me Bach's Chaconne a me ka Brahms Concerto. Ua hoʻokokoke ʻo ia i kēia mau hana ma ke ʻano he kanaka me ka honua waiwai, hohonu a lehulehu o nā ʻike a me nā manaʻo, a ua hoʻopio i ka poʻe hoʻolohe me ka makemake koke o ka lawe ʻana i nā mele āna i hana ai.

ʻO nā loiloi a pau o Polyakin e ʻike i kekahi ʻano like ʻole i kāna pāʻani, akā ʻōlelo mau ʻia ua pāʻani ʻo ia i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi me ka hala ʻole.

ʻO nā hana liʻiliʻi i hoʻopau mau ʻia e Polyakin me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi loa. Ua pāʻani ʻo ia i kēlā me kēia mea liʻiliʻi me ke kuleana like me nā hana nui. Ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe o ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe o ke ʻano, kahi i pili ai iā Heifetz a, ʻoiai, ua hānai ʻia ʻo ia e Auer. ʻO nā mele a Polyakin o Beethoven i kani me ka hanohano a me ka hanohano, pono e loiloi ʻia ka hana ma ke ʻano he hiʻohiʻona kiʻekiʻe loa o ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ʻano maʻamau. E like me ke kiʻi i pena ʻia me nā kī nui, ua ʻike ʻia ka Melancholic Serenade a Tchaikovsky i mua o ke anaina. Hoʻokani ʻo Polyakin iā ia me ke kaohi nui a me ka hanohano, me ka ʻole o ka ʻeha a me ka melodrama.

I loko o ke ʻano liʻiliʻi, ua hoʻohauʻoli ʻia ke kiʻi a Polyakin me kāna ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa - ka virtuosity nani, ka lokomaikaʻi a me ka nani, a i kekahi manawa capricious improvisation. I loko o Tchaikovsky's Waltz-Scherzo, kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi o ka papa mele ʻaha mele a Polyakin, ua hoʻohauʻoli ʻia ka poʻe i nā leo ʻālohilohi o ka hoʻomaka ʻana, nā puʻupuʻu capricious o nā pauku, ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kani, a me ke ʻano haʻalulu o nā huaʻōlelo lyrical. Ua hana ʻia ka hana e Polyakin me ka virtuoso brilliance a me ke kūʻokoʻa pio. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻomanaʻo i ka cantilena wela o ka mea pena i nā hula Hungarian o Brahms-Joachim a me ka nani o kāna papa kani kani i nā hula Spanish o Sarasate. A ma waena o nā pāʻani o ke ʻano liʻiliʻi, ua koho ʻo ia i nā mea i ʻike ʻia e ka manaʻo nui, ka manaʻo nui. ʻO ka hoihoi o Polyakin i nā hana e like me "Poem" na Chausson, "Song of Roxanne" na Szymanowski, kokoke iā ia i ka romanticism, maopopo loa.

He mea paʻakikī ke hoʻopoina i ke kiʻi o Polyakin ma ke kahua me kāna violin i paʻa kiʻekiʻe a me kāna mau neʻe i piha i ka nani. Nui kona hahau ʻana, ʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia leo, ʻike ʻia ma muli o ka hopena ikaika a me ka wehe ʻana i nā manamana lima mai ke kaula. Ua wela kona mau maka i ke ahi o ka hoʻoulu ʻana - ʻo ia ka maka o kahi kanaka nona ka huaʻōlelo Art i hoʻomaka mau me kahi leka nui.

Ua koi nui ʻo Polyakin iā ia iho. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau i hoʻokahi huaʻōlelo o kahi ʻāpana mele no nā hola, e loaʻa ai ka maikaʻi o ke kani. ʻO ia ke kumu i hoʻoholo ai ʻo ia me ka makaʻala loa, me ka paʻakikī, e pāʻani i kahi hana hou nona ma kahi ʻahamele ākea. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maikaʻi i hōʻoluʻolu iā ia i hele wale mai ma muli o nā makahiki he nui o ka hana hoʻoikaika. Ma muli o kona pololei iā ia iho, ua hoʻoponopono ʻo ia i nā mea pena kiʻi ʻē aʻe me ke aloha ʻole, ka mea i hoʻohuli pinepine iā lākou e kūʻē iā ia.

Uaʻikeʻiaʻo Polyakin mai ka wā kamaliʻi e keʻano kūʻokoʻa, ka wiwoʻole i kāna mau'ōlelo a me kāna mau hana. He ʻumikūmākolu mau makahiki, e kamaʻilio ana ma ka Hale Aliʻi o Winter, no ka laʻana, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i kānalua i ka hoʻōki ʻana i ka pāʻani ʻana i ka wā i komo lohi ai kekahi o nā aliʻi a hoʻomaka e hoʻoneʻe i nā noho. Ua hoʻouna ʻo Auer i kāna mau haumāna he nui e hana i nā hana koʻikoʻi i kāna kōkua, ʻo Professor IR Nalbandian. Ua hele ʻo Polyakin i ka papa o Nalbandyan i kekahi manawa. I kekahi lā, i ka wā i kamaʻilio ai ʻo Nalbandian i kahi mea hoʻokani piano e pili ana i kekahi mea ma ka papa, ua hoʻōki ʻo Miron i ka pāʻani ʻana a haʻalele i ka haʻawina, ʻoiai nā hoʻāʻo e hoʻōki iā ia.

He noʻonoʻo koʻikoʻi kona a me ka mana o ka nānā ʻana. A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻo nā aphorisms witty a Polyakin, nā paradox maʻemaʻe, kahi āna i hakakā ai me kona mau hoa paio, he mea maʻamau i waena o nā mea mele. He mea ko'iko'i a hoihoi kona mau mana'o no ke kii.

Mai Auer Polyakin i hoʻoili i ka hana nui. Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo ia i ka violin ma ka home no 5 mau hola i ka lā. Ua koi nui ʻo ia i nā mea hoʻokani pila a ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa nui ʻo ia me kēlā me kēia piano ma mua o ka hele ʻana i ke kahua me ia.

Mai 1928 a hiki i kona make ʻana, ua aʻo mua ʻo Polyakin ma Leningrad a laila ma ka Moscow Conservatories. Ua noho ʻo Pedagogy i kahi wahi koʻikoʻi i kona ola. Eia nō naʻe, paʻakikī ke kapa ʻana iā Polyakin i kumu ma ke ʻano i hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia. He mea pena kiʻi nui ʻo ia, he mea pena kiʻi, a ma ke aʻo ʻana i hoʻomaka ʻia mai kāna mau hana hana ponoʻī. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i noʻonoʻo e pili ana i nā pilikia o ke ʻano hana. No laila, ma ke ʻano he kumu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o Polyakin i nā haumāna kiʻekiʻe i ʻike mua i nā mākau ʻoihana pono.

ʻO ka hōʻike ʻana ke kumu o kāna aʻo ʻana. Ua makemake ʻo ia e pāʻani i nā ʻāpana i kāna mau haumāna ma mua o ka "haʻi" e pili ana iā lākou. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, e hōʻike ana, ua lawe ʻia ʻo ia a hana ʻo ia i ka hana mai ka hoʻomaka a hiki i ka hopena a ua lilo nā haʻawina i ʻano ʻano "Polyakin's concerts". Ua ʻokoʻa kāna pāʻani e kekahi ʻano ʻano laha ʻole - me he mea lā e wehe ana i nā manaʻo ākea no nā haumāna no kā lākou hana ponoʻī, hoʻoulu i nā manaʻo hou, hoʻāla i ka noʻonoʻo a me ka noʻonoʻo. ʻO ka haumāna, nona ka hana a Polyakin i lilo i "hoʻomaka" i ka hana ma ka hana, waiho mau i kāna mau haʻawina. Ua lawa hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau hōʻikeʻike i mea e maopopo ai i ka haumāna ke ʻano o kāna hana, ma ke ala hea e neʻe ai.

Ua koi ʻo Polyakin i nā haumāna āpau o kāna papa e hele mai i nā haʻawina, me ka ʻole o ka pāʻani ʻana iā lākou iho a i ʻole e hoʻolohe wale i ka pāʻani o kā lākou mau hoa. Hoʻomaka nā haʻawina ma ke awakea (mai ka hola 3).

Ua pāʻani akua ʻo ia i ka papa. Kakaʻikahi ma ke kahua ʻahamele i hiki i kona akamai ke kiʻekiʻe, ka hohonu a me ka piha o ka ʻōlelo. I ka lā o ka haʻawina a Polyakin, ua noho aliʻi ka hauʻoli ma ka conservatory. Ua piha ka "lehulehu" i loko o ka lumi papa; ma waho aʻe o kāna mau haumāna, nā haumāna o nā kumu ʻē aʻe, nā haumāna o nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, nā kumu, nā kumu aʻoaʻo a me nā "mākaʻikaʻi" wale nō mai ka honua kiʻi i hoʻāʻo e hele i laila. Ua hoʻolohe ka poʻe i hiki ʻole ke komo i loko o ka lumi papa ma hope o nā pani paʻa hapa. Ma keʻano laulā, ua lanakila ka lewa like e like me ka wā ma ka papa o Auer. Ua ʻae ʻo Polyakin i nā malihini i loko o kāna papa, no ka mea, ua manaʻo ʻo ia ua hoʻonui kēia i ke kuleana o nā haumāna, ua hoʻokumu i kahi lewa noʻeau i kōkua iā ia e manaʻo e like me ka mea pena.

Ua hoʻopili nui ʻo Polyakin i ka hana a nā haumāna ma nā unahi a me nā etudes (Kreutzer, Dont, Paganini) a koi i ka haumāna e pāʻani i nā etudes aʻo a me nā unahi iā ia ma ka papa. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i hana i ka hana ʻenehana kūikawā. Pono ka haumāna e hele mai i ka papa me nā mea i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma ka home. ʻO Polyakin, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, "ma ke ala" wale nō i hāʻawi i nā ʻōlelo aʻo inā ʻaʻole i kūleʻa ka haumāna ma kahi a i ʻole kekahi wahi.

Me ka ʻole o ka hana ʻana i ka ʻenehana, ua hahai pono ʻo Polyakin i ke kūʻokoʻa o ka pāʻani ʻana, me ka nānā pono ʻana i ke kūʻokoʻa o ke kāʻei poʻohiwi holoʻokoʻa, ka lima ʻākau a me ka hāʻule ʻana o nā manamana lima ma nā kaula ma ka hema. Ma ke ʻano o ka lima ʻākau, makemake ʻo Polyakin i nā neʻe nui "mai ka poʻohiwi" a, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ia ʻano hana, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi manaʻo maikaʻi o kāna "kaumaha", ka hoʻokō manuahi ʻana i nā chords a me nā hahau.

He ʻoʻoleʻa loa ʻo Polyakin me ka mahalo. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i noʻonoʻo i nā "mana" a ʻaʻole hoʻi i ʻimi i nā ʻōlelo hoʻomākeʻaka a me nā ʻōlelo hoʻohenehene i ʻōlelo ʻia i nā poʻe laureates kūpono, inā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ʻoluʻolu i kā lākou hana. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi aku i ka nāwaliwali loa o nā haumāna ke ʻike ʻo ia i kona holomua.

He aha, ma ka laulā, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana iā Polyakin ke kumu? He nui nō kāna e aʻo ai. Ma muli o ka mana o kāna kālena noʻeau kupaianaha, ua loaʻa iā ia ka hopena maikaʻi loa i kāna mau haumāna. ʻO kona hanohano nui, ʻo ka hana kiʻi i koi ʻia i ka ʻōpio i hele mai i kāna papa e hoʻolaʻa ʻole iā lākou iho i ka hana, hāpai i ka hana kiʻekiʻe i loko o lākou, hoʻāla i ke aloha i ke mele. Hoʻomanaʻo mau ʻia nā haʻawina a Polyakin e ka poʻe i laki e kamaʻilio pū me ia ma ke ʻano he hanana hoihoi i ko lākou ola. ʻO nā mea lanakila o nā hoʻokūkū honua ʻo M. Fikhtengolts, E. Gilels, M. Kozolupova, B. Feliciant, ke alakaʻi ʻakaʻaka o ka symphony orchestra o Leningrad Philharmonic I. Shpilberg a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i aʻo pū me ia.

Ua waiho ʻo Polyakin i kahi hōʻailona hiki ʻole i ka moʻomeheu mele Soviet, a makemake wau e haʻi hou aku ma hope o Neuhaus: "ʻO nā mea hoʻokani mele ʻōpio i hānai ʻia e Polyakin, nā mea hoʻolohe āna i hauʻoli nui ai, e hoʻomanaʻo mau loa lākou iā ia."

L. Raaben