Frederick Delius (Dilius) (Frederick Delius) |

Frederick Delius

ʻAʻole i loaʻa iā ia kahi hoʻonaʻauao mele ʻoihana. I kona wā kamaliʻi, ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka hoʻokani pila. I ka makahiki 1884 ua haʻalele ʻo ia i ʻAmelika, kahi i hana ai ʻo ia ma nā māla ʻalani, hoʻomau i ke aʻo ʻana i ke mele ma kāna iho, lawe i nā haʻawina mai ka mea hoʻokani organist TF Ward. Ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka moʻolelo Negro, me ka ʻuhane, a ua hoʻohana ʻia nā leo i loko o ka symphonic suite "Florida" (Dilius's debut, 1886), ka symphonic poem "Hiawatha" (ma hope o G. Longfellow), ka mele no ka papa himeni a me ka orchestra "Appalachian" , ka opera "Koang" a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. I kona hoʻi ʻana i ʻEulopa, ua aʻo ʻo ia me H. Sitt, S. Jadasson a me K. Reinecke ma ka Leipzig Conservatory (1886-1888).

I ka makahiki 1887 ua kipa ʻo Dilius i Norewai; Ua hoʻoikaika ʻia ʻo Dilius e E. Grieg, nāna i mahalo nui i kāna talena. Ma hope mai, ua kākau ʻo Dilius i nā mele no kahi pāʻani kālaiʻāina a ka mea kākau keaka Norewai ʻo G. Heiberg ("Folkeraadet" - "ʻAha Kanaka", 1897); Ua hoʻi hou i ke kumuhana Norewai ma ka hana symphonic "Sketches of a Northern Country" a me ka ballad "Once Upon a Time" ("Eventyr", e pili ana i "Folk Tales of Norway" na P. Asbjørnsen, 1917), nā mele mele ma Nā kikokikona Norewai (“Lieder auf norwegische Texte” , i nā mele na B. Bjornson lāua ʻo G. Ibsen, 1889-90).

I ka makahiki 1900 ua huli i nā kumuhana Denemaka ma ka opera Fenimore a me Gerda (e pili ana i ka moʻolelo Niels Lin na EP Jacobsen, 1908-10; post. 1919, Frankfurt am Main); ua kākau pū i nā mele ma Jacobsen, X. Drachmann a me L. Holstein. Mai ka makahiki 1888, noho ʻo ia ma Palani, ma Palika mua, a laila a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola ʻana ma Gre-sur-Loing, kokoke i Fontainebleau, e kipa ana i kona ʻāina hānau. Ua hui ʻo ia me IA Strindberg, P. Gauguin, M. Ravel a me F. Schmitt.

Mai ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19 I ka hana a Dilius, ʻike ʻia ka mana o ka Impressionists, i ʻōlelo nui ʻia i nā ʻano o ka orchestration a me ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka palette kani. ʻO ka hana a Dilius, i hōʻailona ʻia e ke kumu maoli, ua kokoke i ke ʻano o ka mele Pelekane a me ka pena kiʻi o ka hopena o nā kenekulia 19 a me nā kenekulia 20.

ʻO Dilius kekahi o nā haku mele Pelekāne mua i huli i nā kumu ʻāina. Nui nā hana a Dilius i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā kiʻi o ka ʻōlelo Pelekania, kahi i hōʻike ai ʻo ia i ke ʻano maoli o ka nohona Pelekane. Hoʻokomo ʻia kāna kiʻi pena kani ʻāina me ka pumehana a me ka puʻuwai lyricism - eia nā ʻāpana no ka mea hoʻokani liʻiliʻi: "E hoʻolohe ana i ka cuckoo mua i ka pūnāwai" ("I ka lohe ʻana i ka cuckoo mua i ka pūnāwai", 1912), "Pō ke kauwela ma ka muliwai" ("Summer night on the river", 1912), "A song before sunrise" ("A song before sunrise", 1918).

Ua loaʻa ka mahalo iā Dilius e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hana a ke alakaʻi ʻo T. Beecham, nāna i hoʻolaha ikaika i kāna mau haku mele a hoʻonohonoho i kahi ʻahaʻaina i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no kāna hana (1929). Ua hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā hana a Dilius i kāna mau papahana e GJ Wood.

ʻO ka hana mua a Dilius i paʻi ʻia ʻo The Legend (Legende, for violin and orchestra, 1892). ʻO ka mea kaulana loa o kāna mau keaka ʻo Rural Romeo lāua ʻo Julia (Romeo und Julia auf dem Dorfe, op. 1901), ʻaʻole ma ka 1st edition ma German (1907, Komische Oper, Berlin), ʻaʻole hoʻi ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekane ( "A village Romeo. a me Juliet", "Covent Garden", London, 1910) ʻaʻole i kūleʻa; i loko o kahi hana hou i ka makahiki 1920 (ibid.) i hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻia e ka lehulehu Pelekane.

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona no ka hana hou a Dilius ʻo kāna mele mele mua elegiac-pastoral symphonic "Ma luna o nā puʻu a mamao" ("Over the hills and far away", 1895, Spanish 1897), e pili ana i nā hoʻomanaʻo o nā māla moor o Yorkshire - ka ʻāina hānau ʻo Dilius; kokoke iā ia i loko o ka manaʻo hoʻolālā a me nā kala ʻo "Sea Drift" ("Sea-Drift") na W. Whitman, nona ka mele ʻo Dilius i manaʻo nui a hoʻokomo pū ʻia i loko o "Songs of farewell" ("Songs of farewell", no ka hīmeni a me ka orchestra. , 1930 -1932).

ʻO nā hana mele hope loa a Delius i kuhikuhi ʻia e ka mea haku mele maʻi i kāna kākau ʻōlelo ʻo E. Fenby, ka mea kākau o ka puke Delius e like me kaʻu i ʻike ai iā ia (1936). ʻO nā hana koʻikoʻi loa a Dilius ʻo Song of Summer, Fantastic Dance a me ka Irmelin prelude no ka orchestra, Sonata No. 3 no ka violin.

Nā haku mele: opera (6), me Irmelin (1892, Oxford, 1953), Koanga (1904, Elberfeld), Fenimore a me Gerda (1919, Frankfurt); no ka orc. – fantasy In a summer garden (In a summer garden, 1908), Poem of life and love (A poem of life and love, 1919), Air and dance (Air and dance, 1925), Song of summer (A song of summer). , 1930) , suites, rhapsodies, plays; no na mea kani me ka orc. – 4 concerto (no fp., 1906; no skr., 1916; pālua – no skr. a me vlch., 1916; no vlch., 1925), caprice a me elegy no vlch. (1925); keena-instr. ensembles - kaula. quartet (1917), no Skr. a me fp. – 3 sonata (1915, 1924, 1930), aloha (1896); no ka fp. – 5 pāʻani (1921), 3 preludes (1923); no ka papa himeni me ka orc. – The Mass of Life (Eine Messe des Lebens, ma muli o "Thus Spoke Zarathustra" na F. Nietzsche, 1905), Nā mele o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā (Songs of sunset, 1907), Arabesque (Arabesk, 1911), Song of the High Hills (A song of the High Hills, 1912), Requiem (1916), Songs of farewell (ma hope o Whitman, 1932); for a cappella choir – Ke mele a Wanderer (me ka ʻole o nā huaʻōlelo, 1908), Ua iho ka nani (The splendor falls, after A. Tennyson, 1924); no ka leo me ka orc. – Sakuntala (i ka olelo a X. Drahman, 1889), Idyll (Idill, e like me W. Whitman, 1930), etc.; mele no na hana keaka. hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, me ka pāʻani "Ghassan, or the Golden Journey to Samarkand" Dsh. Flecker (1920, post. 1923, London) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui. nā mea ʻē aʻe