Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff |
ʻO Sergei Rachmaninoff
A he ʻāina hānau koʻu; He mea kupanaha ia! A. Pleshcheev (mai G. Heine mai)
Ua hana ʻia ʻo Rachmaninov mai ke kila a me ke gula; He kila ma kona mau lima, he gula ma kona puʻuwai. I. Hoffman
"He haku mele Lūkini wau, a ua waiho koʻu ʻāina hānau i kona hōʻailona ma koʻu ʻano a me koʻu mau manaʻo." No S. Rachmaninov kēia mau huaʻōlelo, ka haku mele nui, ka mea hoʻokani piano akamai a me ke alakaʻi. ʻO nā hanana koʻikoʻi a pau o ka nohona pilikanaka a me ka hana noʻeau o Rūsia i hōʻike ʻia i loko o kāna ola hana, e waiho ana i kahi hōʻailona indelible. ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o ka hana a Rachmaninov e hāʻule i ka makahiki 1890-1900, kahi manawa i hana ʻia ai nā kaʻina paʻakikī loa i ka moʻomeheu Lūkini, ua paʻi ka puʻuwai ʻuhane me ka feverishly a me ka hopohopo. ʻO ka manaʻo lyrical acutely o ke au i loaʻa iā Rachmaninov i pili mau ʻia me ke kiʻi o kāna ʻāina aloha, me ka pau ʻole o kona ākea ākea, ka mana a me ka ikaika ikaika o kāna mau mea elemental, ka palupalu palupalu o ke ʻano o ka pua pua.
Ua ʻike ʻia ke talena o Rachmaninov iā ia iho i ka wanaʻao a me ka mālamalama, ʻoiai a hiki i ka makahiki ʻumikūmālua ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hōʻike nui i ka ikaika no nā haʻawina mele ʻōnaehana. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e aʻo i ka hoʻokani piano i ka makahiki 4, i ka makahiki 1882 ua hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo ia i ka Conservatory o St. Ma ʻaneʻi ua aʻo ʻo Rachmaninoff i ka piano me N. Zverev, a laila ʻo A. Siloti; ma nā kumuhana a me ka haku mele - me S. Taneyev a me A. Arensky. Noho ʻo ia ma kahi hale hānai me Zverev (1885-1885), ua hele ʻo ia i kahi kula paʻakikī, akā kūpono loa o ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana i ka hana, nāna i hoʻohuli iā ia mai kahi kanaka palaualelo a me ka palaualelo a lilo i kanaka ʻohi a ikaika. "ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa i loko oʻu, ua aie wau iā ia," - no laila i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Rachmaninov ma hope e pili ana iā Zverev. Ma ka conservatory, Rachmaninoff ua ikaika loa ia e ke kanaka o P. Tchaikovsky, a ma hope o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kāna Seryozha punahele a, ma hope o kona puka ʻana mai ka conservatory, ua kōkua ʻo ia e hoʻokani i ka opera Aleko ma ka Bolshoi Theatre, ʻike mai kāna. ʻike kaumaha i ka paʻakikī o ka mea hoʻokani pila no ka waiho ʻana i kou ala ponoʻī.
Ua puka 'o Rachmaninov mai ka Conservatory ma ka piano (1891) a me ka haku mele (1892) me ka Medal Gula Nui. I kēia manawa, ua lilo ʻo ia i mea kākau o kekahi mau haku mele, ʻo ia hoʻi ka Prelude kaulana i C sharp minor, ke aloha "In the Silence of the Secret Night", ka First Piano Concerto, ka opera "Aleko", i kākau ʻia ma ke ʻano he hana puka. i nā lā 17 wale nō! ʻO nā ʻāpana Fantasy i ukali ʻia, op. 3 (1892), Elegiac Trio "In Memory of a Great Artist" (1893), Suite for two pianos (1893), Moments of Music op. 16 (1896), romances, symphonic works - "The Cliff" (1893), Capriccio on Gypsy Themes (1894) - ua hōʻoia i ka manaʻo o Rachmaninov ma ke ʻano he talena ikaika, hohonu, kumu. Hōʻike ʻia nā kiʻi a me nā ʻano ʻano o Rachmaninoff i kēia mau hana ma kahi ākea - mai ke kaumaha ʻino o ka "Musical Moment" ma B minor a hiki i ka apotheosis himeni o ke aloha "Spring Waters", mai ka paʻakikī kūʻokoʻa-volitional koʻikoʻi o ka. "Musical Moment" ma E minor a hiki i ke kala wai maikaʻi loa o ke aloha "Island".
He paʻakikī ke ola i kēia mau makahiki. Hoʻoholo a ikaika i ka hana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ʻo Rachmaninoff ma ke ʻano he kanaka palupalu, ʻike pinepine i ka kānalua iā ia iho. Hoʻopilikia i nā pilikia waiwai, pilikia honua, auwana ma nā kihi ʻē. A ʻoiai ua kākoʻo ʻia ʻo ia e nā poʻe kokoke iā ia, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻohana Satin, ua noho mehameha ʻo ia. ʻO ka haʻalulu ikaika i hana ʻia e ka hāʻule ʻana o kāna First Symphony, i hana ʻia ma St. Petersburg i Malaki 1897, ua alakaʻi ʻia i kahi pilikia hana. No kekahi mau makahiki ʻaʻole i haku ʻo Rachmaninoff i kekahi mea, akā ua hoʻoikaika ʻia kāna hana hoʻokani piano, a ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi ma Moscow Private Opera (1897). I loko o kēia mau makahiki, ua hui ʻo ia me L. Tolstoy, ʻo A. Chekhov, nā mea pena kiʻi o ka Art Theater, i hoʻomaka i kahi hoaaloha me Fyodor Chaliapin, a Rachmaninov i manaʻo ai ʻo ia kekahi o "nā ʻike kiʻi ikaika loa, hohonu a maʻalahi." I ka makahiki 1899, ho'okani 'o Rachmaninoff ma waho no ka manawa mua (ma Ladana), a i ka makahiki 1900 ua kipa 'o ia i Italia, kahi i 'ike'ia ai nā ki'i o ka opera Francesca da Rimini e hiki mai ana. ʻO kahi hanana hauʻoli ka hana ʻana i ka opera Aleko ma St. Petersburg i ka manawa o ka 100th anniversary o A. Pushkin me Chaliapin e like me Aleko. No laila, ua hoʻomākaukau mālie ʻia kahi hoʻololi kūloko, a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki 1900. ua hoʻi i ka noʻonoʻo. Ua hoʻomaka ke kenekulia hou me ka Second Piano Concerto, i kani ʻia e like me ka puʻupuʻu ikaika. Ua lohe nā Contemporaries iā ia i ka leo o Time me kona ʻano haʻalulu, pahū, a me ka manaʻo o nā loli e hiki mai ana. I kēia manawa ke lilo nei ke ʻano o ka ʻaha mele i mea alakaʻi, aia i loko o ka manaʻo nui i hoʻokomo ʻia me ka hoʻopiha piha a me ka hoʻohui. Hoʻomaka kahi pae hou i ke ola o Rachmaninov.
Loaʻa ka ʻike nui ma Rūsia a ma waho i kāna hana piano a me ke alakaʻi. 2 mau makahiki (1904-06) Ua hana ʻo Rachmaninov ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi ma ka Bolshoi Theatre, e waiho ana i kāna moʻolelo i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nā hana kupanaha o nā keaka Lūkini. I ka makahiki 1907, ua komo 'o ia i loko o ka Russian Historical Concerts i ho'onohonoho 'ia e S. Diaghilev ma Palisa, i ka makahiki 1909 'o ia ka manawa mua ma 'Amelika, kahi 'o ia i ho'okani ai i kona Kolu Piano Concerto i alaka'i 'ia e G. Mahler. ʻO ka hana ʻaha mele ikaika ma nā kūlanakauhale o Rūsia a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i hui pū ʻia me ka hoʻomohala ʻole ʻana, a ma ke mele o kēia ʻumi makahiki (ma ka cantata "Spring" - 1902, ma nā preludes op. 23, i nā hopena o ka Second Symphony a me ʻO ka Concerto ʻEkolu) aia ka nui o ka hoihoi a me ka hoihoi. A i loko o nā mele e like me nā mele "Lilac", "Maikaʻi ma ʻaneʻi", i nā preludes ma D major a me G major, "ke mele o nā pūʻali mele o ke ʻano" kani me ke komo kupaianaha.
Akā i nā makahiki like, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā manaʻo kaumaha e pili ana i ka ʻāina makuahine a me kona hopena i ka wā e hiki mai ana, nā noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ke ola a me ka make e ala mai i nā kiʻi pōʻino o ka Sonata Piano Mua, i hoʻoulu ʻia e Goethe's Faust, ka symphonic poem "The Island of the Dead" e pili ana i ke kiʻi pena a ka mea pena Swiss. A. Böcklin (1909), nui nā ʻaoʻao o ka Concerto ʻEkolu, romances op. 26. Ua ʻike nui ʻia nā loli kūloko ma hope o ka makahiki 1910. Inā ma ka Concerto ʻekolu ua lanakila ka pōʻino a hoʻopau ka concerto me kahi apotheosis jubilant, a laila ma nā hana ma hope o ia e hoʻomau mau nei ka hohonu, e lawe mai ana i ke ola i nā kiʻi ʻino, nā kiʻi ʻino, ʻeleʻele. nā manaʻo kaumaha. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka ʻōlelo mele, nalo ka hanu melodic ākea e like me ke ʻano o Rachmaninov. ʻO ia ka mele leo-symphonic "The Bells" (ma ka st. E. Poe, unuhi ʻia e K. Balmont - 1913); aloha op. 34 (1912) a op. 38 (1916); Etudes-pena op. 39 (1917). Eia naʻe, ʻo ia ka manawa i hana ai ʻo Rachmaninoff i nā hana piha i ka manaʻo koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe, i lilo i mea hoʻohālikelike o ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka nani ʻuhane, ka hopena o ke mele mele a Rachmaninov - "Vocalise" a me "All-Night Vigil" no ka papa mele a cappella (1915). "Mai koʻu wā kamaliʻi, ua hauʻoli wau i nā mele nani o Oktoikh. Ua manaʻo mau wau he ʻano kūikawā kūikawā no kā lākou hana mele, a, me he mea lā iaʻu, ua loaʻa iaʻu i ka Vespers. ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke haʻi aku. ʻO ka hana mua ʻana a ka Moscow Synodal Choir i hāʻawi mai iaʻu i hoʻokahi hola o ka hauʻoli loa," i hoʻomanaʻo ai ʻo Rachmaninov.
I ka lā 24 o Kekemapa, 1917, haʻalele ʻo Rachmaninov a me kona ʻohana iā Rusia, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, a mau loa. No ka hapaha keneturi ʻoi aku ʻo ia i noho ai ma ka ʻāina ʻē, ma USA, a ʻo kēia manawa i piha i ka hana ʻaha mele luhi, e pili ana i nā kānāwai lokoino o ka ʻoihana mele. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Rachmaninov i kahi hapa nui o kāna mau uku e hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo waiwai i kona mau hoa ʻāina ma waho a ma Rūsia. No laila, ua hoʻoili ʻia ka hōʻiliʻili holoʻokoʻa no ka hana ma ʻApelila 1922 i ka pōmaikaʻi o ka poʻe pōloli ma Rūsia, a i ka hāʻule ʻana o 1941 Rakhmaninov ua hoʻouna aku ʻo Rakhmaninov i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻehā tausani kālā i ke kālā kōkua Red Army.
Ma nā ʻāina ʻē, noho kaʻawale ʻo Rachmaninoff, e kaupalena ana i kāna pōʻai o nā hoaaloha i nā malihini mai Rūsia. ʻO kahi ʻokoʻa wale nō i hana ʻia no ka ʻohana o F. Steinway, ke poʻo o ka hui piano, kahi i launa aloha ai ʻo Rachmaninov.
ʻO nā makahiki mua o kona noho ʻana ma waho, ʻaʻole i haʻalele ʻo Rachmaninov i ka manaʻo o ka nalowale o ka hoʻoulu ʻana. “Ma hope o koʻu haʻalele ʻana iā Rūsia, ua nalowale koʻu makemake e haku. Ua nalowale koʻu ʻāina hānau, ua nalowale wau iaʻu iho." He 8 mau makahiki wale nō ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i nā ʻāina ʻē, ua hoʻi hou ʻo Rachmaninov i ka hana noʻonoʻo, hana i ka ʻEhā Piano Concerto (1926), ʻEkolu mau mele Lūkini no ka Choir a me ka Orchestra (1926), nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ma kahi kumuhana o Corelli no ka piano (1931), Rhapsody ma kahi kumuhana o Paganini. (1934), Third Symphony (1936), "Symphonic Dances" (1940). ʻO kēia mau hana ka hopena hope loa o Rachmaninoff. ʻO kahi manaʻo kanikau o ka nalowale hiki ʻole ke hoʻoponopono ʻia, ʻo ka ʻiʻini nui no Rūsia e hoʻāla mai i kahi hana o ka mana pōʻino nui, a hiki i kona piko i ka Symphonic Dances. A i loko o ka Symphony ʻekolu, hoʻokomo ʻo Rachmaninoff i ke kumumanaʻo nui o kāna hana no ka manawa hope loa - ke kiʻi o ka Motherland. ʻO ka manaʻo koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi o ka mea pena kiʻi e hoʻāla iā ia mai ka hohonu o nā kenekulia, ala ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he hoʻomanaʻo aloha ʻole. I loko o kahi hui paʻakikī o nā kumumanaʻo like ʻole, nā episodes, kahi ākea ākea e puka mai ana, kahi epic dramatic o ka hopena o ka Fatherland i hana hou ʻia, e hoʻopau ana me kahi hōʻoia ola lanakila. No laila, ma o nā hana a pau a Rachmaninoff, lawe ʻo ia i ka hiki ʻole o kāna mau loina etika, ka ʻuhane kiʻekiʻe, ka hilinaʻi a me ke aloha hiki ʻole i ka Motherland, ʻo ia kāna ʻano hana.
O. Averyanova
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Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka noʻonoʻo
ʻO Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff, me Scriabin, kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi o nā mele Lūkini o nā makahiki 1900. ʻO ka hana a kēia poʻe haku mele ʻelua, ua hoʻohuli nui ʻia ka nānā ʻana o ka poʻe o kēia wā, ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ikaika lākou no ia mea, ua hoʻomaka nā kūkākūkā paʻi paʻi ʻia e pili ana i kā lākou mau hana pākahi. ʻOiai ke ʻano like ʻole o ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia kanaka a me ke ʻano hoʻohālike o ka mele a Rachmaninov lāua ʻo Scriabin, ua ʻike pinepine ʻia ko lākou mau inoa i kēia mau hoʻopaʻapaʻa a hoʻohālikelike ʻia kekahi me kekahi. He mau kumu no waho no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana: he mau haumāna lāua ʻo Moscow Conservatory, ka mea i puka mai ia mea kokoke i ka manawa like a aʻo pū me nā kumu hoʻokahi, kū koke lāua ʻelua i waena o kā lākou mau hoa ma ka ikaika a me ka ʻōlinolino o kā lākou talena, me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia. ma ke ʻano he poʻe haku mele akamai loa, akā ma ke ʻano he poʻe piano koʻikoʻi.
Akā, ua nui nō hoʻi nā mea i hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou a i kekahi manawa e kau iā lākou ma nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole o ke ola mele. ʻO Scriabin ka mea hoʻoikaika wiwo ʻole, nāna i wehe i nā honua mele hou, ua kūʻē ʻo ia iā Rachmaninov ma ke ʻano he kiʻi noʻonoʻo kuʻuna i hoʻokumu i kāna hana ma ke kahua paʻa o ka hoʻoilina kuʻuna aupuni. ʻO G. ʻO Rachmaninoff, i kākau i kekahi o nā mea hoʻohewa, ʻo ia ke kia a puni ka poʻe lanakila a pau o ka ʻaoʻao maoli, ʻo ka poʻe a pau i aloha i nā kumu i hoʻokumu ʻia e Mussorgsky, Borodin, Rimsky-Korsakov a me Tchaikovsky.
Eia naʻe, no ka ʻokoʻa a pau o nā kūlana o Rachmaninov lāua ʻo Scriabin i kā lākou ʻano mele mele o kēia wā, ua hui pū ʻia lākou ʻaʻole wale ma nā kūlana maʻamau no ka hānai ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o kahi ʻano hoʻomohala i ko lākou wā ʻōpio, akā me kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona hohonu o ka maʻamau. . "He talena kipi a hoʻomaha ʻole" - ʻo ia ke ʻano o Rakhmaninov i hōʻike mua ʻia ma ka paʻi. ʻO kēia hoʻomaha hoʻomaha, ka hauʻoli o ka leo naʻau, ke ʻano o ka hana a nā mea haku mele ʻelua, ʻo ia ka mea i aloha nui ʻia a kokoke i nā pōʻai ākea o ka hui Lūkini i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia XNUMX, me kā lākou mau manaʻo hopohopo, nā manaʻo a me nā manaʻolana. .
"ʻO Scriabin lāua ʻo Rachmaninoff nā 'luna manaʻo mele' ʻelua o ka honua mele Lūkini hou <...> I kēia manawa ke kaʻana like nei lākou i waena o lākou iho i ka honua mele," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo LL Sabaneev, kekahi o nā mea noiʻi ikaika loa no ka mea mua a he hoa paio paakiki like me ka mea hoowahawaha i ka lua. ʻO kekahi mea hoʻohewa, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa i kāna mau hoʻoholo ʻana, ua kākau i loko o kahi ʻatikala i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i kahi wehewehe hoʻohālikelike o nā ʻelele koʻikoʻi ʻekolu o ke kula mele ʻo Moscow, ʻo Taneyev, Rachmaninov a me Scriabin: ke kani o ke ola o kēia wā, feverishly ikaika. ʻO lāua nā manaʻolana maikaʻi loa o Rūsia hou. "
No ka manawa lōʻihi, ua lanakila ka manaʻo o Rachmaninoff ma ke ʻano he hoʻoilina kokoke loa a me nā hope o Tchaikovsky. ʻO ka mana o ka mea kākau o The Queen of Spades he mea nui loa i ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kāna hana, he mea kūlohelohe ia no kahi haumāna puka o ka Moscow Conservatory, he haumāna o AS Arensky a me SI Taneyev. I ka manawa like, ua ʻike pū ʻo ia i kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kula haku mele ʻo "Petersburg": ua hui pū ʻia ka lyricism hauʻoli o Tchaikovsky ma Rachmaninov me ka hanohano epic koʻikoʻi o Borodin, ke komo hohonu ʻana o Mussorgsky i loko o ka ʻōnaehana o ka noʻonoʻo mele Lūkini kahiko a. ka manaʻo poetic o ke ʻano maoli o Rimsky-Korsakov. Eia naʻe, ʻo nā mea a pau i aʻo ʻia mai nā kumu a me nā mea ma mua, ua noʻonoʻo hou ʻia e ka haku mele, me ka hoʻolohe ʻana i kona manaʻo ikaika noʻonoʻo, a me ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻano kanaka kūʻokoʻa hou. ʻO ke ʻano kumu hohonu o Rachmaninov he kūpaʻa kūloko a me ka organicity.
Inā mākou e ʻimi i nā mea like me ia i ka moʻomeheu Russian artistic o ka huli ʻana o ke kenekulia, a laila ʻo ka mea mua kēia, ka laina Chekhov-Bunin i ka palapala, nā ʻāina lyrical o Levitan, Nesterov, Ostroukhov i ka pena. Ua ʻike pinepine ʻia kēia mau ʻano like ʻole e nā mea kākau like ʻole a ua lilo i mea stereotyped. Ua ʻike ʻia me ke aloha nui a me ka mahalo ʻo Rakhmaninov i mālama i ka hana a me ke ʻano o Chekhov. I nā makahiki hope o kona ola ʻana, e heluhelu ana i nā leka a ka mea kākau, mihi ʻo ia no ka hālāwai ʻole ʻana me ia i kona manawa. Ua pili ka mea haku mele me Bunin no nā makahiki he nui ma muli o ke aloha like a me nā manaʻo noʻeau maʻamau. Ua hui pū ʻia lākou a pili pū me ke aloha nui i ko lākou ʻano Lūkini maoli, no nā hōʻailona o kahi ola maʻalahi e haʻalele nei i kahi kokoke i kahi kanaka i ka honua a puni iā ia, ke ʻano poetic o ka honua, i kala ʻia e ka hohonu. lyricism komo, ka makewai i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka ʻuhane a me ka hoʻopakele ʻana mai nā kaulahao e kāohi ai i ke kūʻokoʻa o ke kanaka.
ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻoulu ʻana iā Rachmaninov he mau ʻano manaʻo e puka mai ana mai ke ola maoli, ka nani o ke ʻano, nā kiʻi o ka palapala a me ka pena. “… ʻIke au,” i ʻōlelo ai ʻo ia, "ua hānau ʻia nā manaʻo mele i loko oʻu me ka maʻalahi ma lalo o ka mana o kekahi mau manaʻo mele keu." Akā i ka manawa like, ʻaʻole i hoʻoikaika nui ʻo Rachmaninov no ka noʻonoʻo pono ʻana i kekahi mau mea maoli ma o ke mele, no ka "pena i nā leo", akā no ka hōʻike ʻana i kona ʻano manaʻo, nā manaʻo a me nā ʻike e kū mai ana ma lalo o ka mana o nā ʻano like ʻole. i loaʻa i waho nā manaʻo. Ma kēia ʻano, hiki iā mākou ke kamaʻilio e pili ana iā ia ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻelele kaulana loa o ka poetic realism o nā makahiki 900, ʻo ke ʻano nui o ia mea i hoʻokumu maikaʻi ʻia e VG Korolenko: "ʻAʻole mākou e noʻonoʻo wale i nā phenomena e like me lākou a hana. ʻaʻole e hana i ka hoʻopunipuni mai ka makemake o ka honua ʻole. Hoʻokumu a hōʻike paha mākou i kahi pilina hou o ka ʻuhane kanaka me ka honua a puni i hānau ʻia i loko o mākou.
ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka mele a Rachmaninov, ka mea e huki mua ai i ka nānā ʻana i ka wā e kamaʻāina ai iā ia, ʻo ia ke mele hoʻohālikelike loa. Ma waena o kona mau lā, kū ʻo ia i kona hiki ke hana i nā mele mele ākea a lōʻihi o ka hanu nui, e hui pū ana i ka nani a me ka plasticity o ke kaha kiʻi me ka ʻike a me ka ikaika. ʻO Melodism, melodiousness ka mea nui o ke ʻano o Rachmaninov, ka mea nui e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ka manaʻo harmonic o ka haku mele a me ke ʻano o kāna mau hana, saturated, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, me nā leo kūʻokoʻa, e neʻe ana i mua, a i ʻole nalo i loko o kahi paʻa. lole kani.
Ua hana ʻo Rachmaninoff i kāna ʻano mele kūikawā ponoʻī, e pili ana i ka hui ʻana o nā ʻano ʻano ʻano o Tchaikovsky - hoʻomohala ikaika i ka melodic me ke ʻano o nā hoʻololi ʻokoʻa, i hana ʻia me ka mālie a me ka mālie. Ma hope o ka holo wikiwiki a i ʻole ka piʻi ikaika lōʻihi i luna, me he mea lā, maloʻo ke mele i ka pae i loaʻa, e hoʻi mau ana i hoʻokahi leo mele lōʻihi, a i ʻole me ka mālie, me nā ʻanuʻu lele, e hoʻi i kona kiʻekiʻe. Hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻololi ʻana i ka pilina, ke hoʻopau koke ʻia kahi noho lōʻihi a ʻoi aku paha ma kahi palena kiʻekiʻe e ke ala o ke mele no kahi ākea ākea, me ka hoʻolauna ʻana i kahi malu o ka ʻōlelo lyrical ʻoi.
I loko o ia ʻano interpenetration o ka dinamika a me nā statics, ʻike ʻo LA Mazel i kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka mele mele a Rachmaninov. Hoʻopili kekahi mea noiʻi i kahi manaʻo maʻamau i ka ratio o kēia mau loina ma ka hana a Rachmaninov, e kuhikuhi ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā manawa o ka "braking" a me ka "breakthrough" i lalo o kāna mau hana. (Ua hōʻike ʻo VP Bobrovsky i kahi manaʻo like, me ka ʻike ʻana "ʻo ka hana mana o ko Rachmaninoff ke kanaka ponoʻī aia i loko o ka hui kūlohelohe kūʻokoʻa o nā manaʻo like ʻole a me kā lākou synthesis i loko wale nō iā ia" - kahi manaʻo ikaika a me kahi ʻano e "noho lōʻihi i ka mea i hana ʻia. loaʻa.). He makemake no ka noonoo ana i ka lyricism, lōʻihi ka hoʻopaʻa 'ia i loko o kekahi moku'āina o ka manao, me he mea la ua makemake ka haku mele e hooki i ka manawa fleeting, ua hui ia me ka nui, e holo ana i waho ikehu, he makewai no ka ikaika hooiaio. No laila ka ikaika a me ka ʻoi o nā ʻokoʻa i kāna mele. Ua ʻimi ʻo ia e lawe i kēlā me kēia manaʻo, kēlā me kēia kūlana o ka noʻonoʻo i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hōʻike.
I loko o nā mele mele mele a Rachmaninov, me ko lākou hanu lōʻihi a pau ʻole, lohe pinepine kekahi i kekahi mea e like me ka laulā "ʻaʻole hiki ke pakele" o ka mele mele ʻo Rūsia. I ka manawa like naʻe, ʻo ka pilina ma waena o ko Rachmaninov me ka haku mele ʻana he ʻano ʻole loa. I loko o nā hihia kaʻawale a kaʻawale wale nō ka mea haku mele i hoʻohana i nā mele mele maoli; ʻAʻole ʻo ia i hoʻoikaika i ka like pololei o kāna mau mele ponoʻī me nā mele. "Ma Rachmaninov," ka mea kākau o kahi hana kūikawā ma kāna mau mele mele, ʻike pinepine ʻia kahi pilina me kekahi mau ʻano o nā kiʻi kanaka. Ma keʻano kikoʻī, ʻike pinepine ʻia ke ʻano i ka "manaʻo" maʻamau o ka poʻe a ʻaʻole ia, e like me kona mau mua, ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa o ka hana ʻana a lilo i kiʻi mele. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka nānā ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano o ka mele mele a Rachmaninov, kahi e hoʻokokoke ai i ka mele mele Lūkini, e like me ka maʻalahi o ka neʻe ʻana me ka predominance o nā neʻe stepwise, diatonicism, ka nui o nā huli Phrygian, etc. Deeply and organically assimilated e ka mea haku mele, lilo kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke ʻano o kāna mea kākau ponoʻī, e loaʻa ana i kahi kala hōʻike kūikawā kūikawā nona wale nō.
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻano, e like me ka mahalo ʻole e like me ka waiwai melodic o nā mele a Rachmaninov, he ʻano ikaika, lanakila lanakila a ma ka manawa like ʻole, i kekahi manawa whimsical rhythm. Ua kākau nui nā hoa o ka haku mele a me nā mea noiʻi ma hope e pili ana i kēia mele ʻo Rachmaninoff, kahi e hoʻohuli ʻole ai i ka manaʻo o ka mea hoʻolohe. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ʻo ia ka rhythm e hoʻoholo i ka leo nui o ke mele. Ua ʻike ʻo AV Ossovsky i ka makahiki 1904 e pili ana i ka neʻe hope loa o ka Suite ʻElua no nā Piano ʻelua a Rachmaninov i loko o ia mea "ʻaʻole makaʻu e hoʻohonu i ka hoihoi rhythmic o ke ʻano Tarantella i kahi ʻuhane ʻino a ʻeleʻele, ʻaʻole malihini i ka hoʻouka ʻana o kekahi ʻano daimonio ma. manawa. "
Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Rhythm ma Rachmaninov ma ke ʻano he mea lawe i kahi loina volitional maikaʻi e hoʻolalelale i ka lole mele a hoʻokomo i kahi mele "kahe o nā manaʻo" i loko o ke kumu nui o kahi holoʻokoʻa architectonically piha. Ua kākau ʻo BV Asafiev, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke kuleana o ka loina rhythmic i nā hana a Rachmaninov lāua ʻo Tchaikovsky: "Akā, i ka hope, ʻo ke ʻano kumu o kāna" hoʻomaha "symphony i hōʻike ʻia me ka ikaika i ka hoʻokūkū nui o nā kumumanaʻo. I loko o ka mele a Rachmaninov, ka mea makemake nui i kona kūpaʻa hoʻomohala, ʻo ka hui ʻana o ka hale waihona mele-contemplative o ka manaʻo me ka hale kūʻai hoʻonohonoho ikaika o ka "I" a ka mea haku mele, ʻo ia ka "poe kūʻokoʻa" o ka noʻonoʻo pilikino, ka mea i hoʻomalu ʻia e ke kani i ke ʻano o ka mea volitional… ". Hōʻike maopopo ʻia ke ʻano o ka rhythmic ma Rachmaninov, me ka ʻole o ka maʻalahi o ka puʻupuʻu, ʻoiai, e like me ke kaumaha, ana ʻia o ka bele nui, a paʻakikī paha, pua nani. ʻO ka rhythmic ostinato ka mea i makemake nui ʻia e ka haku mele, ʻoi loa ma nā hana o nā makahiki 1910.
Ma ke kahua o ka ʻoluʻolu, ʻaʻole i hele ʻo Rachmaninoff ma mua o ka ʻōnaehana nui-liʻiliʻi ma ke ʻano i loaʻa iā ia ma ka hana a nā haku mele aloha ʻEulopa, ʻo Tchaikovsky a me nā ʻelele o ka Mighty Handful. ʻO kāna mele i wehewehe mau ʻia a paʻa, akā i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano o ka classical-romantic tonal harmony, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia e kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona ʻano i hiki ʻole ke paʻakikī ke hoʻokumu i ka mea kākau o kekahi a i ʻole. Ma waena o kēlā mau hiʻohiʻona kūikawā o ka ʻōlelo harmonic a Rachmaninov, no ka laʻana, ka lohi kaulana o ka neʻe ʻana o ka hana, ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana i hoʻokahi kī no ka manawa lōʻihi, a i kekahi manawa ka nāwaliwali o ka umekaumaha. Hoʻopili ʻia ka manaʻo i ka nui o nā hoʻokumu multi-tert paʻakikī, nā lālani o nā puʻupuʻu ʻole a me ka undecimal, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waihoʻoluʻu, ka phonic ma mua o ke ʻano hana. Hoʻopili ʻia ka pilina o kēia ʻano harmonies paʻakikī me ke kōkua o ka pilina melodic. ʻO ka mana o ka mea mele mele i loko o ka mele a Rachmaninov e hoʻoholo i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka polyphonic saturation o kāna lole kani: kū mau nā hui harmonic pākahi ma muli o ka neʻe manuahi o nā leo "mele" kūʻokoʻa.
Aia kekahi huli harmonic punahele a Rachmaninoff, āna i hoʻohana pinepine ai, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā haku mele o ka wā kahiko, a loaʻa iā ia ka inoa "Rachmaninov's harmony". Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia huli ʻana ma kahi hoʻohaʻahaʻa hoʻomaka ʻehiku o ka harmonic minor, maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka terzkvartakkord me ka hoʻololi ʻana o II degere III a me ka hoʻonā ʻana i kahi triad tonic i ke kūlana melodic kolu.
ʻO ka neʻe ʻana i kahi hapaha liʻiliʻi e kū mai ana i kēia hihia i ka leo melodic e hoʻāla i kahi manaʻo kanikau.
ʻOiai kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha o ka mele a Rachmaninov, ua ʻike kekahi o nā mea noiʻi a me nā mea nānā i kāna kala liʻiliʻi. ʻO kāna mau ʻaha mele piano ʻehā, ʻekolu symphonies, nā sonata piano ʻelua, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā etudes-kiʻi a me nā haku mele he nui i kākau ʻia ma ka liʻiliʻi. Loaʻa pinepine ʻo Major i kahi waihoʻoluʻu liʻiliʻi ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻololi ʻana, ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka tonal a me ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao liʻiliʻi. Akā he kakaikahi ka poʻe haku mele i hoʻokō i nā ʻano nuances like ʻole a me nā degere o ka manaʻo hoʻohālikelike i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kī liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka ʻōlelo a LE Gakkel i loko o nā etudes-paintings op. 39 Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i ka ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o nā hana a pau a Rachmaninoff. ʻO ka poʻe hoʻohewa e like me Sabaneev, ka mea nāna i hoʻopaʻa i ka manaʻo ʻino iā Rachmaninov, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia "he ʻōhumu naʻauao," ʻo kāna mele e hōʻike ana i "ka pilikia ʻole o ke kanaka nele i ka manaʻo." I kēia manawa, kani pinepine ʻo Rachmaninov "ʻeleʻele" keiki liʻiliʻi me ka wiwo ʻole, kūʻē a piha i ka manaʻo nui. A inā e paʻa i ka pepeiao nā ʻōlelo kanikau, a laila, ʻo ia ka "kaumaha hanohano" o ka mea pena kiʻi aloha ʻāina, ka mea i "hoʻopiʻi ʻia i ka ʻāina hānau", i lohe ʻia e M. Gorky ma kekahi o nā hana a Bunin. E like me kēia mea kākau kokoke iā ia ma ka ʻuhane, ʻo Rachmaninov, ma nā ʻōlelo a Gorky, "manaʻo ʻo Rūsia holoʻokoʻa", e mihi ana i kāna mau poho a me ka hopohopo no ka hopena o ka wā e hiki mai ana.
ʻO ke kiʻi noʻeau o Rachmaninov ma kāna mau hiʻohiʻona nui, ua paʻa a paʻa i loko o ka huakaʻi hapa kenekulia a ka mea haku mele, me ka ʻike ʻole ʻana i nā haki a me nā loli. ʻO nā loina nani a me nā stylistic, i aʻo ʻia i kona wā ʻōpio, ua kūpaʻa ʻo ia i nā makahiki hope o kona ola. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā mākou ke nānā i kekahi evolution i kāna hana, e hōʻike ana iā ia iho ʻaʻole wale i ka ulu ʻana o ke akamai, ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka palette kani, akā pili pū kekahi i ke ʻano kiʻi a me ke ʻano o ka mele. Ma kēia ala, ʻekolu nui, ʻoiai ʻaʻole like ka lōʻihi a ma ke ʻano o ko lākou pae o ka huahana, ua wehewehe maopopo ʻia nā manawa. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou mai kekahi i kekahi e nā caesuras manawa lōʻihi a liʻiliʻi paha, nā puʻu kānalua, ka noʻonoʻo a me ke kanalua, ke puka ʻole kahi hana i hoʻopau ʻia mai ka peni a ka haku mele. ʻO ka manawa mua, e hāʻule ana i ka 90s o ke kenekulia XNUMX, hiki ke kapa ʻia he manawa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā talena, i hele e hoʻoikaika i kona ala ma o ka lanakila ʻana i nā mana kūlohelohe i ka wā ʻōpio. ʻAʻole kūʻokoʻa pinepine nā hana o kēia wā, ʻaʻohe kūpono i ke ʻano a me ke ʻano. (ʻO kekahi o lākou (First Piano Concerto, Elegiac Trio, piano piano: Melody, Serenade, Humoresque) ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻia e ka mea haku mele a hoʻonui ʻia ko lākou ʻano.), ʻoiai ma ka helu o kā lākou mau ʻaoʻao (nā manawa maikaʻi loa o ka opera ʻōpio "Aleko", ka Elegiac Trio i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā PI Tchaikovsky, ka prelude kaulana i ka C-sharp minor, kekahi o nā manawa mele a me nā romances), ke ʻano o ka mea haku mele. ua hōʻike ʻia me ka maopopo loa.
ʻO kahi hoʻomaha i manaʻo ʻole ʻia e hele mai i ka makahiki 1897, ma hope o ka hoʻokō pono ʻole ʻana o Rachmaninov's First Symphony, kahi hana i hoʻolilo ai ka mea haku mele i ka nui o ka hana a me ka ikaika ʻuhane, i kuhi hewa ʻole ʻia e ka hapa nui o nā mea mele a kokoke loa i ka hoʻāhewa ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka paʻi. na kekahi poe hoohewa. ʻO ka hāʻule ʻole o ka symphony ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻeha noʻonoʻo hohonu ma Rachmaninoff; e like me kāna haʻi ʻana ma hope aku, "ua like ʻo ia me ke kanaka i ʻeha ʻia a no ka manawa lōʻihi ua nalowale kona poʻo a me nā lima." ʻO nā makahiki ʻekolu e hiki mai ana he mau makahiki ʻaneʻane pau ka noho mālie ʻana, akā i ka manawa like ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, kahi loiloi koʻikoʻi o nā mea a pau i hana mua ʻia. ʻO ka hopena o kēia hana koʻikoʻi o loko o ka haku mele iā ia iho, he ʻano ʻano ikaika a nani hoʻi i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia hou.
I loko o nā makahiki ʻekolu a ʻehā paha o ke kenekulia 23, ua hana ʻo Rakhmaninov i kekahi mau hana o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, ka mea kupaianaha no kā lākou mele hohonu, ka hou a me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, kahi i ka waiwai o ka noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo a me ke kumu o ka "lima lima" a ka mea kākau. ua hui pū ʻia me ka hana hana kiʻekiʻe. Aia ma waena o lākou ka Second Piano Concerto, ka Second Suite no nā piano ʻelua, ka sonata no cello a me ka piano, ka cantata "Spring", Ten Preludes op. ʻO XNUMX, ka opera "Francesca da Rimini", kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o nā huaʻōlelo leo leo a Rachmaninov ("Lilac", "Excerpt from A. Musset"), Ua hoʻokumu kēia ʻano hana i ke kūlana o Rachmaninoff ma ke ʻano kekahi o nā mea haku mele Lūkini nui loa a hoihoi. ʻO ko mākou manawa, e lawe ana iā ia i ka ʻike ākea ma nā pōʻai o ka poʻe akamai akamai a ma waena o ka lehulehu o ka poʻe hoʻolohe.
ʻO kahi manawa pōkole loa mai ka makahiki 1901 a hiki i ka makahiki 1917 ka mea i hoʻohua nui loa i kāna hana: i loko o kēia mau makahiki a me ka hapa, ua kākau ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea makua, kūʻokoʻa i ke ʻano o nā hana a Rachmaninov, a ua lilo ia i mea nui o nā mele mele aupuni. Kokoke i kēlā me kēia makahiki i lawe mai i nā opuses hou, i lilo ai ke ʻano i mea kaulana i ke ola mele. Me ka hana mau ʻana o Rachmaninoff, ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia kāna hana i kēia manawa: i ka manawa o nā makahiki ʻelua mua, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻololi ʻana. Me ka nalowale ʻole o kona mau ʻano "generic" maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka leo, piʻi ka naʻau hoʻopilikia, ʻoiai ke kahe pololei ʻana o ka manaʻo lyrical me he mea lā e lohi, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā waihoʻoluʻu māmā ma ka papale kani o ka mea haku mele, ke kala holoʻokoʻa o ke mele. pouli a mānoanoa. ʻIke ʻia kēia mau hoʻololi i ka lua o ka papa piano preludes, op. 32, ʻelua pōʻai o nā etudes-pena, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā haku mele nui e like me "The Bells" a me "All-Night Vigil", e hoʻopuka ana i nā nīnau hohonu hohonu o ke ola kanaka a me ke kumu o ke ola o ke kanaka.
ʻAʻole i pakele ka loina i ʻike ʻia e Rachmaninov i ka manaʻo o kona mau hoa. Ua kākau kekahi o ka poʻe hoʻohewa e pili ana i The Bells: "Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Rakhmaninov e ʻimi i nā ʻano hou, kahi ʻano hou o ka hōʻike ʻana i kona mau manaʻo ... Manaʻo ʻoe ma aneʻi i ke ʻano hou o Rachmaninov, ʻaʻohe mea like me ke ʻano o Tchaikovsky. ”
Ma hope o 1917, hoʻomaka kahi hoʻomaha hou i ka hana a Rachmaninov, i kēia manawa ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka mea ma mua. Ma hope wale nō o nā makahiki he ʻumi, ua hoʻi ka haku mele i ka haku mele, me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ʻekolu mau mele poʻomanaʻo Lūkini no ka poʻe hīmeni a me ka hoʻokani pila a hoʻopau i ka ʻEhā Piano Concerto, i hoʻomaka i ka pō o ke Kaua Honua Mua. I loko o nā makahiki 30, ua kākau ʻo ia (koe wale nō nā transcriptions ʻaha mele no ka piano) ʻehā wale nō, akā naʻe, koʻikoʻi i ka manaʻo o nā hana nui.
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I loko o kahi kaiapuni paʻakikī, pinepine kū'ē i ka huli ʻana, kahi hakakā ikaika o nā kuhikuhi, ka haki ʻana o nā ʻano maʻamau o ka noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo i hōʻike ʻia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā kiʻi mele i ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia XNUMX, ua kūpaʻa ʻo Rachmaninoff i ka papa mele nui. nā moʻomeheu o nā mele Lūkini mai Glinka a Borodin, Mussorgsky, Tchaikovsky, Rimsky-Korsakov a me kā lākou kokoke loa, alakaʻi i nā haumāna a me nā haumāna o Taneyev, Glazunov. ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo ia i kaupalena iā ia iho i ke kuleana o ke kiaʻi o kēia mau kuʻuna, akā me ka ikaika, ʻike ʻia lākou, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou ola, mana pau ʻole, ka hiki ke hoʻomohala hou a me ka hoʻonui ʻana. ʻO Rachmaninov, ʻoiai ʻo ia i mālama i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o ka poʻe kahiko, ʻaʻole ia i kuli i nā leo o ka wā hou. I kona manaʻo i nā ʻano stylistic hou o ke kenekulia XNUMX, aia kekahi manawa ʻaʻole o ka hakakā wale nō, akā no kekahi mau pilina.
Ma kahi o ka hapalua o ke kenekulia, ua hoʻololi nui ʻia ka hana a Rachmaninov, a ʻaʻole i nā makahiki 1930 wale nō, akā ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi nā 1910s i kā lākou ʻano kiʻi a me ka ʻōlelo, ke ʻano o ka hōʻike mele mai ka wā kahiko, ʻaʻole i kēia manawa. nā opuses kūʻokoʻa loa o ka hopena o ka mea ma mua. mau kenekulia. I kekahi o lākou, hele mai ka mea haku mele me ka impressionism, symbolism, neoclassicism, ʻoiai ma ke ʻano ʻokoʻa, ʻike ʻo ia i nā mea o kēia mau ʻano. Me nā hoʻololi a me nā hoʻololi a pau, ua hoʻomau ʻia ke kiʻi hana a Rachmaninov i loko, e mālama ana i kēlā mau hiʻohiʻona kumu, wehewehe i nā hiʻohiʻona e kaulana ai kāna mele i ka laulā nui o ka poʻe hoʻolohe: makemake, lyricism, ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hōʻike ʻana, ʻike poetic o ka honua. .
ʻO Yu. Hele mai
Rachmaninoff alakaʻi
Ua iho ʻo Rachmaninov i ka mōʻaukala ʻaʻole wale ma ke ʻano he haku mele a me ka pianist, akā he alakaʻi alakaʻi hoʻi i ko mākou manawa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lōʻihi a ikaika kēia ʻaoʻao o kāna hana.
Ua hana ʻo Rachmaninov i kāna hana mua ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi i ka hāʻule o 1897 ma ka Mamontov Private Opera ma Moscow. Ma mua o kēlā, 'a'ole pono 'o ia e alaka'i i ka orkestra a me ke a'o 'ana i ke alaka'i, akā, 'o ke kālena akamai o ka mea ho'okani pila, ua kōkua 'o ia iā Rachmaninoff e a'o koke i nā mea huna o ka haku. E hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua: ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ʻike pono i ka poʻe mele e hōʻike i nā hoʻolauna; a i kekahi mau lā ma hope mai, ua hoʻokō pono ʻo Rachmaninov i kāna hana, e alakaʻi ana i ke keaka ʻo Samson lāua ʻo Delila a Saint-Saens.
"ʻO ka makahiki o koʻu noho ʻana ma ka opera Mamontov he mea nui iaʻu," i kākau ai ʻo ia. "Ma laila ua loaʻa iaʻu kahi ʻenehana alakaʻi maoli, a ma hope i lawelawe nui iaʻu." I ka manawa o ka hana ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi ʻelua o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ua alakaʻi ʻo Rachmaninov i nā hana he iwakāluakūmālima o ʻeiwa mau opera: "Samson and Delilah", "Mermaid", "Carmen", "Orpheus" na Gluck, "Rogneda" na Serov, " Mignon" na Tom, "Askold's Grave", "The Enemy strength", "May night". Ua ʻike koke ka mea paʻi i ka maopopo o ke ʻano o kāna alakaʻi, kūlohelohe, nele i ke ʻano, kahi manaʻo hao o ka puʻupuʻu i hoʻouna ʻia i nā mea hoʻokani, ʻono maikaʻi a me kahi ʻano nani o nā kala orchestral. Me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike, ua hoʻomaka kēia mau hiʻohiʻona o Rachmaninoff ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila, i hoʻokō ʻia e ka hilinaʻi a me ka mana i ka hana ʻana me nā soloists, choir and orchestra.
I nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, ʻo Rachmaninoff, i noho me ka haku mele a me ka hana pianistic, alakaʻi ʻia i kekahi manawa wale nō. Hāʻule ka lā kiʻekiʻe o kāna talena alakaʻi i ka manawa 1904-1915. No nā kau ʻelua e hana ana ʻo ia ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Bolshoi, kahi e hauʻoli ai kāna wehewehe ʻana i nā keaka Lūkini. ʻO nā hanana mōʻaukala i ke ola o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni i kapa ʻia e nā mea hōʻeuʻeu i ka hana makahiki o Ivan Susanin, āna i alakaʻi ai i ka hanohano o ka makahiki o ka hānau ʻana o Glinka, a me Tchaikovsky's Week, kahi i alakaʻi ai ʻo Rachmaninov i ka Queen of Spades, Eugene Onegin, Oprichnik. a me na ballet.
Ma hope mai, alakaʻi ʻo Rachmaninov i ka hana o The Queen of Spades ma St. Petersburg; Ua ʻae ka poʻe loiloi ʻo ia ka mea mua i hoʻomaopopo a haʻi i ka lehulehu i ke ʻano pōʻino holoʻokoʻa o ka opera. Ma waena o nā holomua hana a Rachmaninov ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Bolshoi, ʻo ia hoʻi kāna hana ʻana i ka Pan Voevoda a Rimsky-Korsakov a me kāna mau keaka ponoʻī ʻo The Miserly Knight a me Francesca da Rimini.
Ma ke kahua symphony, ua hōʻike ʻo Rachmaninov mai nā ʻaha mele mua loa iā ia iho he haku piha o ka pae nui. ʻO ka epithet "mālamalama" i hele pū me nā loiloi o kāna mau hana ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi. 'O ka hapanui pinepine, ua'ike'ia'o Rachmaninoff ma kahi o ke alaka'i i nā'ahamele o ka Moscow Philharmonic Society, a me ka Siloti a me Koussevitzky orchestras. I ka makahiki 1907-1913, ua alakaʻi nui ʻo ia i nā ʻāina ʻē - ma nā kūlanakauhale o Farani, Holland, USA, ʻEnelani, Kelemānia.
ʻO ka repertoire o Rachmaninov ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi he ʻano like ʻole i kēlā mau makahiki. Ua hiki iā ia ke komo i loko o nā ʻano like ʻole o ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka hana. ʻO keʻano maʻamau,ʻo ka mele Lūkini kahi kokoke loa iā ia. Ua ola hou ʻo ia ma ke kahua ʻo Borodin's Bogatyr Symphony, aneane poina ia manawa, hāʻawi i ka kaulana o nā miniatures a Lyadov, āna i hana ai me ka nani nani. ʻO kāna wehewehe ʻana i nā mele a Tchaikovsky (ʻo ia hoʻi ka 4th a me 5th symphonies) i hōʻailona ʻia e ka manaʻo nui a me ka hohonu; ma nā hana a Rimsky-Korsakov, ua hiki iā ia ke wehe i ka gamut māmā o nā kala no ka poʻe hoʻolohe, a ma nā symphonies o Borodin a me Glazunov, ua hoʻopio ʻo ia i ka poʻe me ka epic ākea a me ka hoʻokō pono o ka wehewehe.
ʻO kekahi o nā kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻi alakaʻi a Rachmaninov ʻo ia ka wehewehe ʻana i ka symphony G-minor a Mozart. Ua kākau ka mea hoʻohewa ʻo Wolfing: "He aha ke ʻano o nā symphonies i kākau ʻia a paʻi ʻia ma mua o ka hana ʻana a Rachmaninov i ka symphony g-moll a Mozart! … Ua hoʻololi a hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano noʻeau o ka mea kākau o kēia symphony no ka lua o ka manawa. ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou ke kamaʻilio wale no Pushkin's Mozart, akā no Rachmaninov's Mozart… "
Me kēia, ʻike mākou i ka nui o nā mele aloha i nā papahana a Rachmaninov - no ka laʻana, ʻo Berlioz's Fantastic Symphony, nā symphonies o Mendelssohn lāua ʻo Franck, Weber's Oberon overture a me nā ʻāpana mai nā opera a Wagner, ka mele a Liszt a me ka Lyric Suite a Grieg… He mea hoʻokani nani nā mea kākau o kēia wā - nā mele symphonic na R. Strauss, nā hana a ka Impressionists: Debussy, Ravel, Roger-Ducasse ... A ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo Rachmaninov he unuhi ʻōlelo i kāna mau mele symphonic. Ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo V. Yakovlev, ka mea hoʻokani mele Soviet kaulana, ka mea i lohe iā Rachmaninov ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa: "ʻAʻole wale ka lehulehu a me ka poʻe hoʻohewa, nā lālā orkestra akamai, nā kumu, nā mea pena kiʻi i ʻike i kāna alakaʻi ʻana ma ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe loa o kēia hana ... ʻaʻole i hōʻemi nui ʻia i kahi hōʻike, akā no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻōlelo, ʻo ia hoʻi nā wehewehe ʻana, pinepine ʻo ia i hīmeni a ma kekahi ʻano a wehewehe paha i kāna mea i noʻonoʻo mua ai. Hoʻomanaʻo ka poʻe a pau i hele mai i kāna mau ʻahamele i kēlā mau ʻano ākea ākea o ka lima holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole mai ka pulupulu wale nō; I kekahi manawa ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mau ʻano o kāna mau ʻano e ka poʻe orkestra, akā ua kamaʻāina a hoʻomaopopo ʻia e lākou. ʻAʻohe mea akamai i ka neʻe ʻana, poses, ʻaʻohe hopena, ʻaʻohe kiʻi lima. He makemake palena ʻole, ma mua o ka noʻonoʻo, ka nānā ʻana, ka ʻike a me ka ʻike i ke ʻano o ka mea hoʻokani.
E hoʻohui hou aku ʻo Rachmaninoff ka mea alakaʻi he mea hoʻokani pāʻani hui ʻole; ʻO nā mea hoʻokani solo i kāna mau ʻahamele he mau mea pena e like me Taneyev, Scriabin, Siloti, Hoffmann, Casals, a ma nā hana opera Chaliapin, Nezhdanova, Sobinov ...
Ma hope o 1913, hōʻole ʻo Rachmaninoff e hana i nā hana a nā mea kākau ʻē aʻe a alakaʻi wale i kāna mau haku ponoʻī. I ka makahiki 1915 wale nō ʻo ia i haʻalele ai i kēia lula ma ke alakaʻi ʻana i kahi ʻaha mele no ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā Scriabin. Eia nō naʻe, ma hope mai, ua kiʻekiʻe loa kona kaulana ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Ua lawa ka ʻōlelo ʻana ma hope koke o kona hōʻea ʻana i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka makahiki 1918, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā orkestra nui loa ma ka ʻāina - ma Boston a me Cincinnati. Akā i kēlā manawa ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi hou i ka manawa i ke alakaʻi ʻana, koi ʻia e alakaʻi i ka hana ʻaha mele ikaika ma ke ʻano he pianist.
I ka hāʻule wale o 1939, i ka manawa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ai kahi pōʻai o nā ʻaha mele mai nā hana a Rachmaninov ma New York, ua ʻae ka mea haku mele e alakaʻi i kekahi o lākou. A laila hoʻokani ka Philadelphia Orchestra i ka Third Symphony and the Bells. Ua hana hou ʻo ia i ka papahana like ma 1941 ma Chicago, a hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope i alakaʻi i ka hana o "Isle of the Dead" a me "Symphonic Dances" ma Egan Arbor. Ua kākau ka mea hoʻohewa ʻo O. Daune: “Ua hōʻike ʻo Rakhmaninov iā ia ka mākaukau like a me ka mana ma luna o ka hana, mele a me ka mana hana, alakaʻi i ka orkestra, āna e hōʻike ai i ka hoʻokani piano. ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o kāna pāʻani ʻana, a me kāna alakaʻi ʻana, paʻi me ka mālie a me ka hilinaʻi. ʻO ia ka like ʻole o ka hoʻokano ʻana, ka manaʻo like o ka hanohano a me ke kaohi ʻana, ʻo ka ikaika imperious like ʻole. ʻO nā hoʻopaʻa ʻana o The Island of the Dead, Vocalise and the Third Symphony i hana ʻia i kēlā manawa ua mālama mākou i nā hōʻike o ke alakaʻi ʻana o ka mea hoʻokani pila Lūkini.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek
