Artur Rodzinsky |

ʻO Artur Rodziński

Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Artur Rodzinsky he conductor-dictator. Ma ke kahua, ua hoʻolohe nā mea a pau i kona makemake paʻa ʻole, a ma nā mea hana a pau ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia. I ka manawa like, ua mana'o pono 'ia 'o Rodzinsky kekahi o nā haku akamai o ka hana pū 'ana me ka orkestra, ka mea i 'ike i ka ha'i 'ana i kona mana'o a pau i ka po'e hana. Ua lawa ka ʻōlelo ʻana i ka wā i hoʻokumu ai ʻo Toscanini i ka makahiki 1937 i kāna orkestra kaulana hope loa o ka National Radio Corporation (NBC), ua kono kūikawā ʻo ia iā Rodzinsky no ka hana hoʻomākaukau, a i ka manawa pōkole ua hoʻohuli ʻo ia i kanawalu mau mea hoʻokani i kahi hui maikaʻi loa.

Ua hiki mai ia akamai ia Rodzinsky ma kahi mamao loa. I ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ʻo ia ma ka Lviv Opera Theatre i ka makahiki 1918, ua ʻakaʻaka ka poʻe mele i kāna mau ʻōlelo hoʻohenehene, e hōʻike ana i ka hemahema o ke alakaʻi ʻōpio. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i kēlā manawa ʻaʻohe ʻike o Rodzinsky. Ua aʻo ʻo ia ma Vienna, ma mua ma ke ʻano he pianist me E. Sauer, a laila ma ka papa alakaʻi o ka Academy of Music me F. Schalk, ʻoiai ke aʻo ʻana i ke kānāwai ma ke kulanui. Ua hoʻopau ʻia kēia mau papa i ke kaua: aia ʻo Rodzinsky ma mua a hoʻi i Vienna ma hope o kona ʻeha ʻia. Ua kono ʻia ʻo ia iā Lvov e ka luna hoʻokele o ka opera, ʻo S. Nevyadomsky. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i kūleʻa ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua loaʻa koke i ke alakaʻi ʻōpio nā mākau kūpono a i loko o kekahi mau mahina ua loaʻa iā ia ka hanohano me kāna mau hana ʻo Carmen, Ernani a me Ruzhitsky's opera Eros and Psyche.

I ka makahiki 1921-1925, ua hana ʻo Rodzinsky ma Warsaw, e alakaʻi ana i nā hana opera a me nā ʻaha mele symphony. Ma ʻaneʻi, i ka wā o ka hana ʻana o The Meistersingers, ua huki ʻo L. Stokowski iā ia a kono aku i kahi mea pena akamai i Philadelphia ma ke ʻano he kōkua nona. ʻO Rodzinsky ke kōkua o Stokovsky no ʻekolu makahiki a ua aʻo nui i kēia manawa. Ua loaʻa pū iā ia nā mākau hana ma o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻaha mele kūʻokoʻa ma nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe o US a me ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka orchestra haumāna i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e Stokowski ma ka Curtis Institute. Ua kōkua kēia mau mea a pau iā Rodzinsky e lilo i alaka'i alaka'i nui o ka orchestra ma Los Angeles i ka makahiki 1929, a i ka makahiki 1933 ma Cleveland, kahi āna i hana ai no nā makahiki he 'umi.

ʻO kēia nā lā kiʻekiʻe o ke kālena o ke alakaʻi. Ua hōʻano hou ʻo ia i ka haku mele a hoʻokiʻekiʻe iā ia i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā hui symphony maikaʻi loa ma ka ʻāina. Ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi, hoʻokani ʻia nā haku mele kahiko a me nā mele hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka mea koʻikoʻi ka "heluhelu orchestral o nā hana hou" i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e Rodzinsky ma nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa i mua o nā mea hoʻokani mele a me nā mea hoʻohewa. ʻO ka maikaʻi o kēia mau mele i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kāna repertoire o kēia manawa. Ma ʻaneʻi, ma Cleveland, me ke komo ʻana o nā mea hoʻokani solo maikaʻi loa, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i kekahi mau hana nui o nā keaka a Wagner lāua ʻo R. Strauss, a me Shostakovich's Lady Macbeth o ka Apana Mtsensk.

I loko o kēia manawa, ua hana ʻo Rodzinsky me nā mele mele ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa, ua mākaʻikaʻi pinepine ʻia ma Vienna, Warsaw, Prague, London, Paris (kahi i alakaʻi ai ʻo ia i nā mele mele Polani ma ka World Exhibition), ka Salzburg Festival. I ka wehewehe ʻana i ka kūleʻa o ke alakaʻi, ua kākau ʻo D. Yuen ka mea hoʻohewa ʻAmelika: "Ua loaʻa iā Rodzinsky nā ʻano alakaʻi maikaʻi loa: kūpaʻa a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, kahi mana kupaianaha e komo i ke ʻano o nā hana mele, ka ikaika ikaika a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ikehu, kahi mana dictatorial e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i lalo. ka orkestra i kona makemake. Akā, ʻo kāna mau pōmaikaʻi nui ʻo ia kona ikaika hoʻonohonoho a me kāna ʻenehana orchestral koʻikoʻi. Ua ʻike maopopo ʻia ka ʻike maikaʻi o ka hiki o ka orchestra i ka wehewehe ʻana a Rodzinsky i nā hana a Ravel, Debussy, Scriabin, Stravinsky mua me kā lākou mau kala ʻālohilohi a me nā kala orchestral maʻalahi, nā mele paʻakikī a me nā hana harmonic. Ma waena o nā hoʻokō maikaʻi loa o ka mea pena, ʻo ia hoʻi ka wehewehe ʻana i nā symphonies e Tchaikovsky, Berlioz, Sibelius, nā hana a Wagner, R. Strauss a me Rimsky-Korsakov, a me kekahi mau mea haku mele o kēia wā, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Shostakovich, nona ka mea hoʻolaha hoʻomohala i alakaʻi. . ʻO nā symphonies Viennese maʻamau ʻo Rodzinsky liʻiliʻi.

I nā makahiki he kanahā, ua noho ʻo Rodzinsky i kekahi o nā kūlana alakaʻi i ka elite o ka alakaʻi alakaʻi US. No kekahi mau makahiki - mai 1942 a 1947 - ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka New York Philharmonic Orchestra, a laila ʻo Chicago Symphony Orchestra (a hiki i 1948). I nā makahiki he ʻumi hope o kona ola ʻana, ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi huakaʻi, e noho nui ana ma Italia.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek