Artur Schnabel |

Arthur Schnabel

Ua hōʻailona ko mākou kenekulia i ka mea nui loa i ka mōʻaukala o nā hana hoʻokani: ʻo ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kani leo i hoʻololi i ka manaʻo o nā mea hana, e hiki ai ke "reify" a hoʻopaʻa mau i nā wehewehe ʻana, e hoʻolilo iā ia i waiwai o nā mea hou. aka, o na hanauna e hiki mai ana. Akā i ka manawa like, ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa leo leo i hiki ke manaʻo me ka ikaika hou a me ka maopopo o ka hana ʻana, ka wehewehe ʻana, e like me ke ʻano o ke ʻano hana noʻeau, e pili ana i ka manawa: ka mea i manaʻo ʻia e like me ka hōʻike ʻana, i ka ulu ʻana o nā makahiki. kahiko; he aha ka mea i hauʻoli ai, i kekahi manawa waiho wale i ka piʻoloke. Hiki pinepine kēia, akā aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa - nā mea pena kiʻi ikaika a maikaʻi loa ʻaʻole ia e pili i ka "corrosion". ʻO Artur Schnabel kekahi mea pena. ʻO kāna pāʻani ʻana, mālama ʻia i nā hoʻopaʻa leo ma nā moʻolelo, e waiho ana i kēia lā kokoke i ka ikaika a me ka hohonu o ka manaʻo e like me ia mau makahiki i kona hoʻokani ʻana ma ke kahua ʻaha mele.

• Piano mele ma ka hale kūʻai pūnaewele OZON.ru

No nā makahiki he nui, noho mau ʻo Arthur Schnabel i kahi ʻano maʻamau - he kūlana o ka hanohano a me ka maʻemaʻe maʻamau o ke ʻano, ʻoluʻolu a me ka ʻuhane kiʻekiʻe o ka hana, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wehewehe ʻana i ke mele a Beethoven lāua ʻo Schubert; akā naʻe, ma ka wehewehe ʻana iā Mozart a i ʻole Brahms, he kakaikahi ka mea hiki ke hoʻohālikelike me ia.

I ka poʻe i ʻike iā ia mai nā memo wale nō - a ʻo kēia, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hapa nui i kēia lā - ʻo Schnabel he mea nui loa, titanic. I kēia manawa, ma ke ola maoli, he kanaka pōkole ʻo ia me ka paka like ma kona waha, a ʻo kona poʻo a me kona mau lima wale nō ka nui. Ma ka laulā, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i kūpono i ka manaʻo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia o uXNUMXbuXNUMXbka "pop star": ʻaʻohe mea i waho i ke ʻano o ka pāʻani, ʻaʻohe neʻe pono ʻole, nā hana, nā poses. Eia naʻe, i kona noho ʻana i lalo i ka mea kani a lawe i nā mele mua, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hāmau huna i loko o ke keʻena. ʻO kāna kiʻi a me kāna pāʻani i hoʻomālamalama i kēlā hiʻohiʻona kūikawā, i hoʻolilo iā ia i ʻano moʻolelo i kona wā e ola ana. Ke kākoʻo mau ʻia nei kēia kaʻao e nā "mea hōʻike" ma ke ʻano o nā moʻolelo he nui, ua hopu ʻia ʻo ia i loko o kāna mau memo "My Life and Music"; ke kākoʻo mau ʻia nei kāna halo e nā kakini o nā haumāna e noho mau nei i nā kūlana alakaʻi ma ka lewa o ka pianism honua. ʻAe, ma nā ʻano he nui hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ʻo Schnabel ka mea nāna i hana i kahi piano hou o kēia wā - ʻaʻole wale no ka mea i hana ʻo ia i kahi kula pianistic maikaʻi loa, akā no ka mea, ʻo kāna ʻoihana, e like me ke kiʻi o Rachmaninoff, ʻo ia ma mua o kona manawa ...

ʻO Schnabel, me he mea lā, hoʻopili, synthesized a hoʻomohala i kāna hana i nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o ka piano piano o XNUMXth-century - heroic monumentality, ākea ākea - nā hiʻohiʻona e hoʻokokoke aku ai iā ia i nā ʻelele maikaʻi loa o ka moʻomeheu pianistic Lūkini. ʻAʻole pono e poina ma mua o kona komo ʻana i ka papa o T. Leshetitsky ma Vienna, ua aʻo ʻo ia no ka manawa lōʻihi ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a kāna wahine, ka mea hoʻokani piano kaulana ʻo A. Esipova. I loko o ko lākou hale, ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā mea hoʻokani pila nui, me Anton Rubinstein, Brahms. I ka makahiki ʻumikūmālua, ua lilo ke keikikāne i mea pena kiʻi piha, nona ka manaʻo pāʻani i huki mua ʻia i ka hohonu o ka naʻauao, he mea maʻamau no kahi keiki prodigy. Ua lawa ka ʻōlelo ʻana ua hoʻokomo ʻia kāna repertoire i nā sonatas na Schubert a me nā haku mele a Brahms, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea hana akamai ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻaʻa e pāʻani. ʻO ka ʻōlelo a Leshetitsky i ʻōlelo ai i ka ʻōpio ʻo Schnabel ua komo pū i ka moʻolelo: "ʻAʻole ʻoe e lilo i piano. He mea hoʻokani pila ʻoe!”. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i lilo ʻo Schnabel i "virtuoso", akā ua hōʻike ʻia kāna talena ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila i ka nui o nā inoa, akā ma ke kahua o ka pianoforte.

Ua ho'omaka 'o Schnabel i ka makahiki 1893, ua puka 'o ia mai ka conservatory i ka makahiki 1897, i ka manawa i kaulana nui 'ia kona inoa. Ua hoʻoikaika nui ʻia kona hoʻokumu ʻana e kona makemake i ke mele keʻena. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 1919, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ka Schnabel Trio, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea hoʻokani pila ʻo A. Wittenberg a me ka mea cellist A. Hecking; ma hope mai, hoʻokani nui ʻo ia me ka mea hoʻokani pila ʻo K. Flesch; Aia ma waena o kāna mau hoa mele ʻo Teresa Behr, ka mea i lilo i wahine a ka mea hoʻokani pila. I ka manawa like, ua loaʻa iā Schnabel ka mana ma ke ʻano he kumu; i 1925 ua loaʻa iā ia ke poʻo inoa o ke kumu hoʻohanohano ma ka Conservatory o Berlin, a mai ka makahiki 20 ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka papa piano ma ke kula kiʻekiʻe ʻo Berlin Higher School of Music. Akā i ka manawa like, no kekahi mau makahiki, ʻaʻole i lanakila nui ʻo Schnabel ma ke ʻano he soloist. Ma hope o nā makahiki 1927, pono ʻo ia e hoʻokani i kekahi manawa ma nā keʻena hapa hapa ma ʻEulopa, a ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ʻAmelika; ʻoiai, ʻaʻole i hiki mai ka manawa no ka loiloi kūpono o ka mea pena. Akā, hoʻomaka mālie kona kaulana e ulu. I ka makahiki 100, ua hōʻailona ʻo ia i ka makahiki 32 o ka make ʻana o kāna kiʻi, ʻo Beethoven, no ka manawa mua i hana i kāna mau sonata 1928 i hoʻokahi pōʻai, a i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai ʻo ia ka mea mua ma ka mōʻaukala e hoʻopaʻa iā lākou āpau ma nā moʻolelo - ma 100. ia manawa, he hana i hana mua ʻole ʻia e pono ai ʻehā makahiki! I ka makahiki 1924, i ka makahiki 1935 o ka make ʻana o Schubert, ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i kahi pōʻaiapuni e komo pū ana me kāna mau mele piano. Ma hope o kēlā, i ka hopena, ua hiki mai ka ʻike honua iā ia. Ua mahalo nui ʻia kēia mea pena i ko mākou ʻāina (mai ka makahiki XNUMX a hiki i XNUMX ʻo ia i hāʻawi pinepine ai i nā ʻaha mele me ka kūleʻa nui), no ka mea, hoʻokomo mau nā mea aloha mele Soviet i ka wahi mua a ʻoi aku ka waiwai ma mua o ka waiwai o nā kiʻi. Ua makemake hoʻi ʻo ia e hana ma ka USSR, me ka ʻike ʻana i ka "moʻomeheu mele nui a me ke aloha o ka lehulehu ākea no ke mele" i ko mākou ʻāina.

Ma hope o ka hele ʻana o ka Nazis i ka mana, haʻalele ʻo Schnabel iā Kelemania, noho no kekahi manawa ma Italia, a laila ma Lākana, a neʻe koke i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma ke kono a S. Koussevitzky, kahi i loaʻa koke ai ke aloha honua. Ma laila ʻo ia i noho ai a hiki i ka hopena o kona mau lā. Ua make ʻole ka mea hoʻokani pila, i ka pō o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kekahi huakaʻi ʻaha mele nui.

He maikaʻi ka repertoire a Schnabel, akā ʻaʻole palena ʻole. Ua hoʻomanaʻo nā haumāna i loko o nā haʻawina i hoʻokani ʻia ko lākou kumu aʻoaʻo ma ka puʻuwai kokoke i nā palapala piano āpau, a i kona mau makahiki mua i kāna mau papahana hiki ke hālāwai me nā inoa o nā romantics - Liszt, Chopin, Schumann. Akā i ka hiki ʻana i ke oʻo, ua kaupalena ʻo Schnabel iā ia iho a lawe mai i ka lehulehu i nā mea i pili loa iā ia - Beethoven, Mozart, Schubert, Brahms. Ua hoʻoikaika ʻo ia i kēia me ka ʻole o ka coquetry: "Ua manaʻo wau he hanohano ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana iaʻu iho i kahi mauna kiʻekiʻe, kahi e wehe hou ai nā mea hou ma hope o kēlā me kēia piko i lawe ʻia."

Nui ko Schnabel kaulana. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i hiki i ka poʻe zealots o ka piano virtuosity i nā manawa a pau ke ʻae i ka kūleʻa o ka mea pena a hoʻokō me ia. Ua ʻike lākou, ʻaʻole me ka ʻino ʻole, kēlā me kēia "paʻi", kēlā me kēia hana ʻike ʻia, i hoʻohana ʻia e lākou e lanakila ai i nā pilikia i hāpai ʻia e ka Appassionata, concerto a i ʻole nā ​​​​sonata hope a Beethoven. Ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻo ia no ke akahele nui, maloʻo. ʻAe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā ia ka ʻikepili phenomenal o Backhouse a i ʻole Levin, akā ʻaʻohe pilikia ʻenehana i hiki ʻole ke hoʻokō iā ia. "He mea maopopo loa ʻaʻole ʻike ʻo Schnabel i ka ʻenehana virtuoso. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i makemake e loaʻa iā ia; ʻAʻole pono ʻo ia, no ka mea, i kona mau makahiki maikaʻi loa, he mea liʻiliʻi kāna makemake, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hana, "i kākau ai ʻo A. Chesins. Ua lawa kona virtuosity no ka hope loa o nā moʻolelo, i hana ʻia ma mua koke o kona make ʻana, i ka makahiki 1950, a me ka hōʻike ʻana i kāna wehewehe ʻana i kā Schubert impromptu. He ʻokoʻa ia - noho mau ʻo Schnabel i mea hoʻokani pila. ʻO ka mea nui i kāna pāʻani he manaʻo maopopo ʻole o ke ʻano, ka manaʻo noʻonoʻo, ka hōʻike ʻana o ka huaʻōlelo, ka ikaika. ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona ka mea i hoʻoholo i kona wikiwiki, kāna mele - pololei mau, akā ʻaʻole "metro-rhythmic", kāna manaʻo hana holoʻokoʻa. Ke hoʻomau nei ʻo Chasins: "ʻElua mau ʻano nui o ka pāʻani ʻana o Schnabel. He naʻauao maikaʻi loa ʻo ia i nā manawa a pau a me ka ʻike ʻole. ʻAʻole like nā ʻaha mele ʻo Schnabel me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻopoina ʻo ia iā mākou e pili ana i nā mea hoʻokani, e pili ana i ke kahua, e pili ana i ka piano. Ua koi ʻo ia iā mākou e hāʻawi iā mākou iho i ke mele, e kaʻana like i kāna kaiapuni ponoʻī.

Akā, no nā mea a pau, ma nā ʻāpana lohi, ma nā mele "maʻalahi", ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o Schnabel: ʻo ia, e like me nā poʻe liʻiliʻi, ʻike ʻo ia i ka hanu ʻana i ke ʻano i kahi mele maʻalahi, e haʻi i kahi huaʻōlelo me ke ʻano nui. He mea koʻikoʻi kāna mau ʻōlelo: “Ua ʻae ʻia nā keiki e pāʻani iā ​​Mozart, no ka mea he liʻiliʻi nā memo o Mozart; ʻAʻole nā ​​mākua i ka pāʻani ʻana iā Mozart no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o kēlā me kēia memo.

Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hopena o ka pāʻani ʻana o Schnabel e kāna kani. I ka wā e pono ai, he palupalu, ʻeleʻele, akā inā makemake ʻia nā kūlana, ʻike ʻia kahi malu kila i loko; i ka manawa like, he mea ʻē iā ia ka ʻoʻoleʻa a i ʻole ke kolohe, a ʻo nā gradations ikaika e pili ana i nā koi o ke mele, kona ʻano, kona hoʻomohala ʻana.

Ua kākau ʻo H. Weier-Wage, ka mea hoʻohewa Kelemania: "Ma kahi ʻokoʻa i ka manaʻo o nā mea hoʻokani piano nui ʻē aʻe o kona manawa (e like me d'Albert a i ʻole Pembaur, ʻo Ney a i ʻole Edwin Fischer), ʻo kāna pāʻani ʻana e hāʻawi mau i ka manaʻo o ke kāohi a me ka mālie. . ʻAʻole ʻo ia i hoʻokuʻu i kona mau manaʻo e pakele, ua hūnā ʻia kāna hōʻike ʻana, i kekahi manawa kokoke i ke anuanu, akā ʻaʻole mamao loa mai ka "objectivity" maʻemaʻe. Me he mea lā ua ʻike mua kāna ʻenehana akamai i nā manaʻo o nā hanauna ma hope mai, akā ʻo ia wale nō ke ala no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kahi hana kiʻekiʻe.

He ʻokoʻa ka hoʻoilina o Artur Schnabel. Ua hana nui ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoponopono. I ka makahiki 1935, ua paʻi ʻia kahi hana koʻikoʻi - he paʻi o nā sonata a pau a Beethoven, kahi āna i hōʻuluʻulu ai i ka ʻike o kekahi mau hanauna o ka unuhi ʻōlelo a hōʻike i kāna mau manaʻo mua i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā mele a Beethoven.

He wahi kūikawā loa ka hana a ka haku mele ma ka moʻolelo o Schnabel. ʻO kēia "maʻamau" koʻikoʻi ma ka piano a me ka zealot o nā papa mele he mea hoʻokolohua hoihoi i kāna mele. ʻO kāna mau haku mele - a ma waena o lākou he concerto piano, he string quartet, cello sonata a me nā ʻāpana no ka pianoforte - i kekahi manawa kahaha me ka paʻakikī o ka ʻōlelo, nā huakaʻi i manaʻo ʻole ʻia i loko o ke aupuni atonal.

Eia naʻe, ʻo ka waiwai nui o kāna hoʻoilina, ʻoiaʻiʻo, nā moʻolelo. Nui nā mea o lākou: nā ʻahamele a Beethoven, Brahms, Mozart, sonata a me nā ʻāpana e kā lākou mea kākau punahele, a ʻoi aku ka nui, a hiki i ka Schubert's Military Marches, i hana ʻia ma nā lima ʻehā me kāna keiki ʻo Karl Ulrich Schnabel, Dvorak a me Schubert quintets, i hopu ʻia ma hui pū me ka quartet "Yro arte". I ka loiloi ʻana i nā leo leo i waiho ʻia e ka mea hoʻokani piano, ua kākau ʻo D. Harrisoa ʻAmelika: "ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke kāohi iaʻu iho, i ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka kamaʻilio ʻana ua loaʻa ʻo Schnabel i nā hemahema o ka ʻenehana a no laila, e like me ka ʻōlelo a kekahi poʻe, ua ʻoi aku ka ʻoluʻolu o ia i ke mele mālie. ma mua o ka wikiwiki. He mea lapuwale wale keia, no ka mea, aia ka mea hookani piano i ka mana piha o kana mea kani a i na manawa a pau, me hookahi a elua paha koena, "hana" me na sonata a me na concerto me he mea la ua hanaia no kona mau manamana lima. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ka ʻenehana Schnabel i ka make, a ua hōʻoia kēia mau moʻolelo ʻaʻole kahi huaʻōlelo, nui a liʻiliʻi paha, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o kāna ʻano virtuoso acumen.

Ke ola nei ka hoʻoilina o Artur Schnabel. I loko o nā makahiki, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hoʻopaʻa leo ʻia mai ka waihona a hoʻolako ʻia i kahi pōʻai ākea o ka poʻe mele mele, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka nui o ka hana a ka mea pena.

Lit .: Smirnova I. Arthur Schnabel. – L., 1979