Nā mele i nā mele a me nā ʻano

ʻO ke kumuhana o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i kēia lā, ʻo ia nā mele mele. E kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka chord a me ke ʻano o nā chord.

ʻO ka chord ka consonance o kekahi mau leo ​​(mai ʻekolu a ʻoi aʻe paha) e pili ana kekahi i kekahi ma kahi mamao, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma kekahi mau manawa. He aha ka consonance? ʻO ka consonance nā leo e noho pū ana. ʻO ka consonance maʻalahi ka wā, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā ʻano consonances he mau mele like ʻole.

Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "consonance" me ka huaʻōlelo "constellation". I loko o nā hōkū, aia kekahi mau hōkū ma nā mamao like ʻole mai kekahi i kekahi. Inā ʻoe e hoʻopili iā lākou, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i nā outline o nā kiʻi o nā holoholona a i ʻole nā ​​​​meʻe moʻolelo. E like me ke mele, ʻo ka hui ʻana o nā leo e hāʻawi i nā consonances o kekahi mau chords.

He aha nā mele?

I mea e loaʻa ai kahi chord, pono ʻoe e hoʻohui i ʻekolu mau leo ​​a ʻoi aku paha. ʻO ke ʻano o ka chord e pili ana i ka nui o nā leo i hoʻopili ʻia, a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana (i ka manawa hea).

Ma nā mele kahiko, hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā leo i nā chord ma ke kolu. Ua kapa ʻia kahi puʻupuʻu i hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā leo ʻekolu i ke kolu. Inā hoʻopaʻa ʻoe i ka triad me nā memo, a laila e like ke kiʻi kiʻi o kēia chord me kahi kanaka hau liʻiliʻi.

Inā he consonance ʻehā mau leo, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi i kekahi e ke kolu, alaila huli mai mele ʻehiku. ʻO ka inoa "ʻehiku chord" ʻo ia hoʻi ma waena o nā leo koʻikoʻi o ka chord, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi manawa o "septim". I ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ʻo ka ʻehiku chord he "snowman", ʻaʻole wale mai ʻekolu mau hau hau, akā mai ʻehā.

inā ka i loko o kahi chord he ʻelima mau leo ​​i hoʻohui ʻia ma ka hapakolualaila kapaia non-chord (e like me ka wā "nona" ma waena o kona mau kikoʻī). ʻAe, ʻo ka ʻōlelo mele o ia chord e hāʻawi iā mākou i kahi "snowman", me he mea lā, ua ʻai nui i nā kāloti, no ka mea, ua ulu ʻo ia i ʻelima mau hau hau!

ʻO Triad, ʻehiku chord a me nonchord nā ʻano nui o nā mele i hoʻohana ʻia i ke mele. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻomau ʻia kēia ʻano me nā harmonies ʻē aʻe, i hoʻokumu ʻia e like me ke kumu like, akā hoʻohana pinepine ʻia. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke komo undecimacchord (6 leo ma ka hapakolu), tertsdecimacchord (7 leo ma ka hapakolu), quintdecimacchord (8 leo ma ka hapakolu). He mea kupanaha inā ʻoe e kūkulu i ke kolu o ka puʻupuʻu decimal a i ʻole ka hapalima o ka puʻupuʻu decimal mai ka memo "hana", a laila e hoʻokomo pono lākou i nā ʻanuʻu ʻehiku o ka pālākiō mele (do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si) .

No laila, ʻo nā ʻano nui o nā mele i ke mele penei:

• He triad – hōʻike ʻia kahi pu o ʻekolu leo ​​i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ke kolu e ka hui ʻana o nā helu 5 a me 3 (53);
• ʻEhiku chord – he chord o na leo eha ma ka hapakolu, ma waena o na leo loa o ka hiku, ua hoikeia e ka helu 7;
• Kūlike ʻole – ʻo ke mele o ʻelima leo ma ka hapakolu, ma waena o nā leo koʻikoʻi o ka ʻole, hōʻike ʻia e ka helu 9.

Nā mele hoʻolālā non-tertz

Ma nā mele hou, hiki i kekahi ke loaʻa pinepine i nā leo i loaʻa nā leo ʻaʻole i ka hapakolu, akā i nā wā ʻē aʻe - maʻamau i ka hapahā a i ʻole ka hapalima. ʻo kahi laʻana, mai ka hoʻohui ʻana o ʻelua mau kuata, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka mea i kapa ʻia he hapahā-hiku (i hōʻike ʻia e ka hui ʻana o nā helu 7 a me 4) me ka ʻehiku ma waena o nā leo ʻoi loa.

Mai ka paʻa ʻana o ʻelua hapalima, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i nā quint-chords (i hōʻike ʻia e nā helu 9 a me 5), e loaʻa kahi wā hui ʻole ma waena o ka leo haʻahaʻa a me luna.

ʻO nā puʻupuʻu tertsovye maʻamau kani mālie, ʻoluʻolu. ʻO nā mele o ka hale non-tertzian he kani kaʻawale, akā he ʻano kala. ʻO ia paha ke kumu kūpono loa o kēia mau chord kahi e pono ai ka haku ʻana i nā kiʻi mele pohihihi.

No ka laʻana, e kāhea kāua ʻO Prelude "Sunken Cathedral" na ka haku mele Farani ʻo Claude Debussy. ʻO nā mele ʻole o ka hapalima a me ka ʻehā ma aneʻi e kōkua i ka hana ʻana i kahi kiʻi o ka neʻe ʻana o ka wai a me ke ʻano o ka hale pule kaulana i ʻike ʻole ʻia i ke ao, e piʻi aʻe mai ka wai o ka loko i ka pō wale nō. ʻO nā mele like ʻole e hōʻike ana i ke kani ʻana o nā bele a me ke aumoe o ka uaki.

Hoʻokahi laʻana hou - ʻāpana piano na kekahi haku mele Farani ʻo Maurice Ravel "Gallows" mai ka pōʻai "Ghosts of the Night". Ma ʻaneʻi, ʻo nā quint-chords kaumaha ke ala kūpono e pena ai i ke kiʻi ʻeleʻele.

ʻO nā pūʻulu a i ʻole nā ​​hui lua

A hiki i kēia manawa, ua ʻōlelo wale mākou i kēlā mau consonances i loaʻa nā consonances o nā ʻano like ʻole - ʻekolu, ʻehā a me ka lima. Akā hiki ke kūkulu ʻia nā consonances mai nā intervals-dissonances, me nā kekona.

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā pūʻulu i kapa ʻia mai kekona. I kekahi manawa, kapa ʻia lākou ʻo nā pūpū ʻelua. (hoʻomanaʻo nui ko lākou kiʻi kiʻi i kahi hui o kekahi mau hua - no ka laʻana, ka lehu mauna a i ʻole nā ​​hua waina).

Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā puʻupuʻu i ke mele ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano o "scatters of note", akā e like me ka piha ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻāpana i loaʻa ma ka stave. Pono lākou e hoʻomaopopo penei: hoʻokani ʻia nā memo a pau (keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele paha nā kī piano ma muli o ke kala o ka hui, i kekahi manawa ʻelua) i loko o nā palena o kēia ʻāpana.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi laʻana o ia mau pūʻulu ma ʻāpana piano “Festive” na ka haku mele Lūkia ʻo Leyla Ismagilova.

ʻAʻole helu ʻia nā puʻupuʻu ma ke ʻano he mau mele. ʻO ke kumu o ia mau mea. ʻIke ʻia ma kēlā me kēia mele, pono ke lohe pono ʻia nā leo pākahi o kāna mau ʻāpana. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēlā me kēia leo ma ka lohe ʻana i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka leo a, no ka laʻana, hīmeni i ke koena o nā leo i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka chord, ʻoiai ʻaʻole mākou e hoʻopilikia ʻia. I loko o nā pūʻulu, ʻokoʻa ia, no ka mea, hui pū ko lākou mau leo ​​a pau i hoʻokahi wahi waihoʻoluʻu, ʻaʻole hiki ke lohe ʻia kekahi o lākou.

ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole o nā triads, nā mele ʻehiku a me nā mea ʻole

Nui nā ʻano mele mele kahiko. ʻEhā wale nō nā ʻano triads, ʻehiku mau mele - 16, akā 7 wale nō i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka hana. ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano like ʻole (64), akā hiki ke helu hou ʻia nā mea i hoʻohana mau ʻia ma nā manamana lima (4-5).

E hoʻokaʻawale mākou i nā pilikia ʻokoʻa i ka nānā kikoʻī ʻana i nā ʻano triads a me nā chord ʻehiku i ka wā e hiki mai ana, akā i kēia manawa e hāʻawi mākou iā lākou i ka wehewehe pōkole wale nō.

Akā ʻo ka mea mua, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ke kumu o nā ʻano mele like ʻole? E like me kā mākou i ʻike mua ai, hana nā wā mele ma ke ʻano he "mea kūkulu hale" no nā mele. He ʻano pōhaku kēia, kahi i loaʻa ai ka "kūkulu o ka chord".

Akā, hoʻomanaʻo hoʻi ʻoe he nui nā ʻano like ʻole o nā intervals, hiki ke ākea a haiki paha, akā maʻemaʻe hoʻi, nui, liʻiliʻi, hoʻemi ʻia, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. A mai ke aha a mākou e kūkulu ai (a hiki iā ʻoe ke kūkulu i nā chords mai nā wā like a me nā ʻokoʻa), pili ia i ke ʻano o ke mele, i ka hopena, e loaʻa iā mākou.

No laila, He 4 ʻano ʻano triad. Hiki ke nui (a i ʻole nui), liʻiliʻi (a i ʻole liʻiliʻi), hoʻemi a hoʻonui ʻia.

1. Triad nui (nui). hōʻike ʻia e ka hua nui B me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā helu 5 a me 3 (B53). Aia ka hapakolu nui a me ka hapakolu liʻiliʻi, e like me kēia ʻano: ʻo ka mua, aia ka hapakolu nui ma lalo, a kūkulu ʻia kahi mea ʻuʻuku ma luna.
2. triad liʻiliʻi (minor). hōʻike ʻia e ka hua nui M me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā helu like (M53). Hoʻomaka kahi triad liʻiliʻi me kahi hapakolu liʻiliʻi, kahi i hoʻohui ʻia kahi mea nui ma luna.
3. Hoʻonui ʻia ka triad loaʻa ma ka hui ʻana i ʻelua hapakolu nui, i hoʻopau ʻia ʻo - Uv.53.
4. Triad hoemi ua hoʻokumuʻia ma ka huiʻana iʻelua hapakolu liʻiliʻi,ʻo kona inoaʻo Um.53.

Ma kēia hiʻohiʻona, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻano triad i papa inoa ʻia i kūkulu ʻia mai nā memo "mi" a me "fa":

ʻEhiku mau ʻano nui o nā mele ʻehiku. (7 mai 16). Aia ko lākou mau inoa i ʻelua mau mea: ʻo ka mua ke ʻano o ka ʻehiku ma waena o nā leo koʻikoʻi (hiki ke nui, liʻiliʻi, hoʻemi a hoʻonui paha); ʻO ka lua, he ʻano triad, aia ma ke kumu o ka chord ʻehiku (ʻo ia hoʻi, he ʻano triad, i hana ʻia mai nā leo haʻahaʻa ʻekolu).

No ka laʻana, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka inoa ʻo "small major seventh chord" penei: ʻo kēia chord ʻehiku he hiku liʻiliʻi ma waena o ka bass a me ke kani o luna, a i loko o laila he triad nui.

No laila, hiki ke maʻalahi ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nā ʻano nui 7 o nā chords ʻehiku e like me kēia - ʻekolu o lākou e nui, ʻekolu - liʻiliʻi, a hoʻokahi - hoʻemi ʻia:

1. Nui nui ʻehiku chord - ka hiku nui + triad nui ma ke kumu (B.mazh.7);
2. Major minor seventh chord – ʻehiku nui ma nā ʻaoʻao + triad liʻiliʻi ma lalo (B.min.7);
3. Nui augmented seventh chord – ʻo ka ʻehiku nui ma waena o nā leo ʻoi loa + kahi triad i hoʻonui ʻia i ʻekolu leo ​​haʻahaʻa mai ka bass (B.uv.7);
4. Small major seventh chord – liʻiliʻi ʻehiku ma nā ʻaoʻao + triad nui ma ke kumu (M.mazh.7);
5. Liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ʻehiku chord – hoʻokumu ʻia ka hiku liʻiliʻi e nā leo ʻoi loa + loaʻa kahi triad liʻiliʻi mai nā leo haʻahaʻa ʻekolu (M. min. 7);
6. Liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ʻehiku chord - liʻiliʻi ʻehiku + triad i loko i emi iho (M.um.7);
7. Hoʻemi ʻia ʻehiku chord – ua hoemiia ka hiku ma waena o ka bass a me ka leo o luna + ua emi pu ka triad i loko (Um.7).

Hōʻike ka laʻana mele i nā ʻano papa inoa o nā mele ʻehiku, i kūkulu ʻia mai nā kani "re" a me "paʻakai":

No nā mele ʻole, pono lākou e aʻo i ka ʻokoʻa, ʻo ka hapa nui o kā lākou ʻole. E like me ke kānāwai, hoʻohana ʻia nā non-chords me kahi leka liʻiliʻi a nui paha. I loko o kahi non-chord, ʻoiaʻiʻo, pono e hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o ke ʻano o ka hiku a me ke ʻano triad.

mawaena o nā mea ʻole maʻamau e hoʻokomo i kēia (ʻelima ka nui):

• ʻAʻohe kumu nui nui - me ka nona nui, ka hiku nui a me ka triad nui (B.mazh.9);
• ʻAʻohe kumu liʻiliʻi nui - me ka nona nui, ka hiku nui a me ka triad liʻiliʻi (B.min.9);
• Nonchord hoʻonui nui - me ka non nui, ka hiku nui a me ka triad hoʻonui (B.uv.9);
• Liʻiliʻi nui nonchord - me kahi non liʻiliʻi, kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me kahi triad nui (M.mazh.9);
• Liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi nonchord - me kahi nona liʻiliʻi, kahi liʻiliʻi ʻehiku a me kahi triad liʻiliʻi (M. min. 9).

Ma kēia hiʻohiʻona mele, ua kūkulu ʻia kēia mau mele ʻole mai nā leo "do" a me "re":

Hoʻololi - he ala e loaʻa ai nā mele hou

Mai nā mele nui i hoʻohana ʻia i ke mele, ʻo ia hoʻi, e like me kā mākou hoʻokaʻawale ʻana - mai nā triads, nā chords ʻehiku a me nā nonchords - hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i nā mele ʻē aʻe ma o ka hoʻohuli ʻana. Ua kamaʻilio mua mākou e pili ana i ka hoʻohuli ʻana o nā manawa, i ka hopena o ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana i kā lākou mau kani, loaʻa nā manawa hou. Pili ka loina like i ka chords. Hana ʻia ka hoʻohuli ʻana i nā mele, maʻamau, nui ma ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ke kani haʻahaʻa (bass) i kahi octave kiʻekiʻe.

No laila, hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia ʻelua manawa, i ka wā o nā hoʻopiʻi, e loaʻa iā mākou nā consonances hou - sextant and quartz sextant. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻaono ʻeono e ka helu 6, nā mele hapahā-sext - e nā helu ʻelua (6 a me 4).

No ka laʻana, e lawe kāua i kahi triad mai nā leo “d-fa-la” a hoʻohuli i kona hoʻohuli. Hoʻololi mākou i ke kani "re" i kahi octave kiʻekiʻe a loaʻa i ka consonance "fa-la-re" - ʻo ia ke ono o ke mele o kēia triad. A laila, e hoʻoneʻe i ke kani "fa" i luna, loaʻa iā mākou "la-re-fa" - ka quadrant-sextakcord o ka triad. Inā mākou e hoʻoneʻe i ke kani "la" i kahi octave kiʻekiʻe, a laila e hoʻi hou mākou i ka mea a mākou i haʻalele ai - i ka triad kumu "d-fa-la". No laila, ua maopopo iā mākou he ʻelua mau hoʻololi wale nō ka triad.

ʻEkolu mau leo ​​hoʻopiʻi - quintsextachord, kolu hapahā kolu a me ka lua. ʻo ke kumu o kā lākou hoʻokō like. No ke koho ʻana i nā mele ʻelima-sext, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hui ʻana o nā helu 6 a me 5, no nā pahu kolu hapaha - 4 a me 3, hōʻike ʻia nā pahu lua e ka helu 2.

No ka laʻana, hāʻawi ʻia ka hiku o ke mele "do-mi-sol-si". E hoʻokō i kāna mau hoʻololi a loaʻa i kēia: quintsextakkord “mi-sol-si-do”, kolu hapaha chord “sol-si-do-mi”, lua chord “si-do-mi-sol”.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka hoʻohuli ʻana o nā triads a me nā mele ʻehiku i ke mele. Akā ʻo ka hoʻohuli ʻana o nā chord ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​​​chords, kahi i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā leo, ua hoʻohana pinepine ʻia (aneane ʻaʻole loa), no laila ʻaʻole mākou e noʻonoʻo iā lākou ma aneʻi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke kiʻi iā lākou a hāʻawi iā lākou i inoa (nā mea āpau. e like me ke kumu like o ka hoʻoili bass).

ʻElua waiwai o kahi chord - ka hoʻolālā a me ka hana

Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia kēlā me kēia chord ma nā ʻano ʻelua. ʻO ka mea mua, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūkulu iā ia mai ke kani a noʻonoʻo iā ia ma ke ʻano structurally, ʻo ia hoʻi, e like me ka haku mele ʻana. Hōʻike pololei ʻia kēia kumumanaʻo i ka inoa kūʻokoʻa o ka chord - major triad, major minor seventh chord, minor fourth chord, etc.

Ma ka inoa, maopopo iā mākou pehea e hiki ai iā mākou ke kūkulu i kēia a i ʻole kēlā chord mai kahi leo i hāʻawi ʻia a he aha ka "mea i loko" o kēia chord. A, e noʻonoʻo ʻoe, ʻaʻohe mea e pale iā mākou mai ke kūkulu ʻana i kekahi chord mai kekahi leo.

ʻO ka lua, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nā chords ma nā ʻanuʻu o kahi unahi nui a liʻiliʻi paha. I kēia hihia, ua hoʻoikaika nui ʻia ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā chords e ke ʻano o ke ʻano, nā hōʻailona o nā kī.

No laila, no ka laʻana, ma ke ʻano nui (e lilo ia C major), loaʻa nā triads nui ma nā ʻanuʻu ʻekolu wale nō - ka mua, ʻehā a me ka lima. Ma nā ʻanuʻu i koe, hiki ke kūkulu ʻia i nā triad liʻiliʻi a i emi ʻole.

Pēlā nō, i loko o kahi keiki liʻiliʻi (no ka laʻana, e lawe kākou i ka C minor) – aia nā triad liʻiliʻi ma nā ʻanuʻu mua, ʻehā a me ka ʻelima wale nō, ma ke koena hiki ke loaʻa i ka nui a i ʻole ka emi ʻana.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e hiki ke loaʻa i kekahi mau ʻano chords ma nā degere o ka nui a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi, a ʻaʻole kekahi (me ka ʻole o ka palena) ʻo ia ka hiʻohiʻona mua o ke "ola" o nā chords e pili ana i ka fret.

ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o nā chords i kahi hana (ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi kuleana, ʻano) a me kahi inoa hou aʻe. Aia nā mea a pau i ka pae hea i kūkulu ʻia ai ka chord. No ka laʻana, e kapa ʻia nā triads a me nā chords ʻehiku i kūkulu ʻia ma ka ʻanuʻu mua he triads a i ʻole nā ​​mele ʻehiku o ka pae mua a i ʻole tonic triads (tonic seventh chords), no ka mea, e hōʻike ana lākou i nā "tonic forces", ʻo ia hoʻi, e kuhikuhi lākou i ka mua. ʻanuʻu.

ʻO nā hui Triad a me nā mele ʻehiku i kūkulu ʻia ma ka ʻanuʻu ʻelima, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka dominant, e kapa ʻia ʻo dominant (dominant triad, dominant seventh chord). Ma ka ʻanuʻu ʻehā, kūkulu ʻia nā triad subdominant a me nā chords ʻehiku.

ʻO kēia waiwai lua o nā chords, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hiki ke hana i kekahi hana, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kuleana o kahi mea pāʻani i kekahi hui haʻuki, no ka laʻana, i ka hui pôpeku. ʻO nā mea pāʻani a pau i loko o ka hui he poʻe pāʻani pôpeku, akā he poʻe kiaʻi kime kekahi, he poʻe pale a i ʻole waena waena, a he poʻe hoʻouka kekahi, a hana kēlā me kēia i kāna hana ponoʻī.

ʻAʻole pono e huikau nā hana mele me nā inoa kūkulu. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka puʻupuʻu ʻehiku nui i hui like ʻia i loko o kona ʻano, he puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi ʻehiku nui, a ʻo ka pahu ʻehiku o ka ʻanuʻu ʻelua he puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ʻehiku. ʻAʻole naʻe kēia manaʻo ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia kekahi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi me kahi puʻupuʻu ʻehiku nui. A ʻaʻole kēia manaʻo ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi mau puʻupuʻu ʻē aʻe ke hana ma ke ʻano he mele ʻehiku nui - no ka laʻana, kahi keiki liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka hoʻonui nui.

No laila, i ka pukana o kēia lā, ua noʻonoʻo mākou i nā ʻano nui o nā consonances paʻakikī - nā chords a me nā pūʻulu, i hoʻopili ʻia i nā pilikia o kā lākou hoʻokaʻawale ʻana (nā mele me ka terts a me ka non-terts structure), wehewehe i ka hoʻohuli ʻana a ʻike i ʻelua ʻaoʻao nui o ka chord. - ka hoʻolālā a me ka hana. Ma nā pukana e hiki mai ana e hoʻomau mākou i ke aʻo ʻana i nā chords, e nānā pono i nā ʻano triads a me nā chords ʻehiku, a me kā lākou mau hōʻike maʻamau i ka lokahi. E noho mālie!

Hoʻomaha mele! Ma ka piano - Denis Matsuev.

ʻO Jean Sibelius - Etude i kahi Op. 76 aole. 2.