Edward William Elgar |

Edward Elgar

ʻElegar. ʻO ka ʻaha mele Violin. Allegro (Jascha Heifetz)

ʻO Elgar… aia ma ka mele Pelekania ʻo ia ka Beethoven ma ka mele Kelemānia. B. Shaw

E. Elgar - ka mea haku mele Pelekania nui loa o ka manawa o nā kenekulia XIX-XX. ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o kāna mau hana e pili pono ana me ka manawa o ka mana kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka politika o ʻEnelani i ka wā o ka Mōʻīwahine Victoria. ʻO nā hana ʻenehana a me ka ʻepekema o ka moʻomeheu Pelekane a me nā kūʻokoʻa bourgeois-democratic paʻa i paʻa i ka hopena maikaʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā palapala a me nā kiʻi. Akā inā hoʻopuka ke kula palapala aupuni i kēlā manawa i nā kiʻi koʻikoʻi o C. Dickens, W. Thackeray, T. Hardy, O. Wilde, B. Shaw, a laila ua hoʻomaka hou ka mele ma hope o ʻelua mau keneturi o ka hāmau. Ma waena o ka hanauna mua o nā haku mele o ka English Renaissance, ʻo Elgar ka hana koʻikoʻi, nona kāna hana e hōʻike pono ana i ka manaʻo maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa o ka wā Victorian. Ma keia ua kokoke oia ia R. Kipling.

ʻO ka ʻāina hānau ʻo Elgar ka ʻāina ʻEnelani, kahi kokoke i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Worcester, ʻaʻole mamao loa mai Birmingham. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kāna mau haʻawina mele mua mai kona makuakāne, he mea hoʻokani a me ka mea nona kahi hale kūʻai mele, ua hoʻomohala hou ʻo Elgar i ke kūʻokoʻa, e aʻo ana i nā kumu o ka ʻoihana ma ka hana. I ka makahiki 1882 wale nō i hele ai ka mea haku mele i nā hoʻokolohua ma ka Royal Academy of Music ma Lākana ma ka papa violin a ma nā kumuhana theoretical musical. I ka wā kamaliʻi, ua akamai ʻo ia i ka hoʻokani ʻana i nā mea kani he nui - violin, piano, i ka makahiki 1885 ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i kona makuakāne ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokalakupua halepule. ʻO ka mokuʻāina ʻEnelani i kēlā manawa ʻo ia ka mea mālama pono i nā mele mele aupuni a, ʻo ka mea mua, nā kuʻuna mele. ʻO kahi pūnaewele nui o nā pōʻai amateur a me nā hui i mālama i kēia mau kuʻuna ma kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. I ka makahiki 1873, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Elgar i kāna ʻoihana ʻoihana ma ke ʻano he violinist ma ka Worcester Glee Club (choral society), a mai ka makahiki 1882 ua hana ʻo ia ma kona ʻāina hānau ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila a me ke alakaʻi ʻana i kahi orkestra amateur. I loko o kēia mau makahiki, ua haku ka mea haku mele i nā mele mele no nā hui amateur, nā ʻāpana piano a me nā hui keʻena, ua aʻo i ka hana a nā poʻe kahiko a me nā mea hou, a hoʻokani i ka piano a me ka mea hoʻokani pila. Mai ka hopena o nā makahiki 80. a hiki i ka makahiki 1929, noho ʻo Elgar i nā kūlanakauhale like ʻole, me Lākana a me Birmingham (kahi āna e aʻo ai ma ke kulanui no 3 mau makahiki), a hoʻopau i kona ola ma kona ʻāina hānau - ma Worcester.

ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o Elgar no ka mōʻaukala o nā mele Pelekania e hoʻoholo nui ʻia e nā haku mele ʻelua: ka oratorio The Dream of Gerontius (1900, ma ke ala o J. Newman) a me ka symphonic Variations on an Enigmatic Theme (Enigma Variations {Enigma (lat. ) - he nane. }, 1899), i lilo i mea kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻokani pila o ka ʻōlelo Pelekania. ʻO ka oratorio "The Dream of Gerontius" e hōʻuluʻulu i ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻano cantata-oratorio i ka hana a Elgar ponoʻī (4 oratorio, 4 cantatas, 2 odes), akā ma nā ʻano he nui ke ala holoʻokoʻa o nā mele mele Pelekane ma mua. ia. Hōʻike ʻia kekahi hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o ka Renaissance aupuni ma ka oratorio - he hoihoi i ka moʻolelo. Ma hope o ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka "The Dream of Gerontius", ua hoʻolaha ʻo R. Strauss i ka ʻahaʻaina "no ka pōmaikaʻi a me ka kūleʻa o ka mea holomua Pelekane mua ʻo Edward Elgar, ka haku o ke kula holomua o nā haku mele Pelekane." ʻAʻole like me ka Enigma oratorio, ua hoʻokumu nā ʻano like ʻole i ka pōhaku kumu no ka symphonism aupuni, ma mua o Elgar ka wahi nāwaliwali loa o ka moʻomeheu mele Pelekane. "Ke hōʻike nei nā ʻano like ʻole o Enigma i ke kanaka o Elgar ua loaʻa i ka ʻāina kahi haku mele o ka nui mua," i kākau ai kekahi o nā mea noiʻi Pelekane. ʻO ka "pohihihi" o nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻo ia ka inoa o nā hoaaloha o ka mea haku mele i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o lākou, a hūnā ʻia ke kumuhana mele o ka pōʻai mai ka ʻike ʻana. (Hoʻomanaʻo kēia mau mea a pau i nā "Sphinxes" mai "Carnival" na R. Schumann.) No Elgar pū kekahi i ka symphony Pelekane mua (1908).

Ma waena o nā hana hoʻokani pila ʻē aʻe a ka mea haku mele (overtures, suites, concertos, etc.), kū ka Violin Concerto (1910) – kekahi o nā haku mele kaulana loa o kēia ʻano.

ʻO ka hana a Elgar kekahi o nā mea kupaianaha o ka romanticism mele. Synthesizing 'āina a me Western European, ka nui o Austro-German influences, lawe ia i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka lyrical-psychological a me ka epic kuhikuhi. Hoʻohana nui ka mea haku mele i ka ʻōnaehana leitmotifs, kahi i ʻike maopopo ʻia ai ka mana o R. Wagner a me R. Strauss.

ʻO ke mele a Elgar he mele mele, ʻulaʻula, he hiʻohiʻona nani, i nā hana symphonic e huki ai i ke akamai orchestral, subtlety o ka mea kani, hōʻike i ka noʻonoʻo aloha. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia XX. Ua piʻi aʻe ʻo Elgar i ko ʻEulopa.

Ma waena o nā mea hoʻokani o kāna mau haku mele, he mau mea hoʻokani pila - ka mea hoʻokele H. Richter, nā violinists F. Kreisler a me I. Menuhin. 'Ōlelo pinepine ma waho, ua kū ka haku mele ma ke kahua o ke alaka'i. Ma Rusia, ua'āponoʻia nā hana a Elgar e N. Rimsky-Korsakov a me A. Glazunov.

Ma hope o ka ho'okumu 'ia 'ana o ka Violin Concerto, ua emi iki ka hana a ka mea haku mele, i nā makahiki hope o kona ola 'ana i ola hou ai kāna hana. Kākau ʻo ia i kekahi mau mele no nā mea kani makani, kiʻi kiʻi i ka Third Symphony, ka Piano Concerto, ka opera The Spanish Lady. Ua olaʻo Elgar i kona nani, i ka hopena o kona olaʻana ua lilo kona inoa i moʻolelo, he hōʻailona ola a me ka haʻaheo o ka moʻomeheu mele Pelekane.

G. Zhdanova