Hand harmonicas: hoʻolālā, mōʻaukala o ke kumu, nā ʻano

ʻOi aku ma mua o 200 mau makahiki i hala mai ka ʻike ʻana o ka accordion lima. ʻO ka puka ʻana o kēia mea kani i mea e pono ai no ka puka ʻana mai o nā hale mele kaulana e like me ke pihi accordion a me ka accordion, i kēia lā i komo i ka hui kula. Akā hoʻomau ka hele ʻana o nā harmonicas lima o nā ʻano like ʻole a puni ka honua, e hoʻohauʻoli ana i ka poʻe hoʻolohe me kā lākou leo ​​like ʻole.

Design

ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole o ka harmonica, e like me ke ʻano o ka hana leo, ʻo nā ʻano mea a pau he mau mea kani ʻohe, ʻo ia hoʻi, lawe ʻia ke kani ma lalo o ka hana a kahi kahawai ea e pili ana i ka ʻohe. Ma waho, ua like ke ʻano o ka mea harmonica:

• haʻalele semi-kino me kona kīpē ponoʻī;
• ʻĀkau semi-kino me kahi kīpē aia ma ka manamana lima;
• keena huluhulu me ka helu okoa o na barins (pilo).

Aia i loko o ka mea hana ka mea nui - ka pahu leo, kahi i hoʻopili ʻia ai nā alelo. ʻElua o lākou. Haʻalulu kekahi i ka wā e wehe ʻia ai ka bellow, a ʻo kekahi ke hoʻoomi ʻia. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona o ka harmonics lima ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka wā e hoʻohola ʻia ai nā bellows a hoʻi i ko lākou kūlana mua, hoʻololi ke kuhikuhi o ka ea.

He unahi diatonic ka harmonica. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā ʻokoʻa nui mai ka harmonica relatives bayan a me ka accordion me ka chromatic a i hui pū ʻia.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hana o ka harmonica ma ke kumu o ka mīkini kīwī lever, e like me ka piano. Ke paʻi ʻia kahi kī, puka ka puka ma ka papa, kahi e komo ai ka ea i ke keʻena resonator, kahi e kū ai nā ʻohe.

Ua kapa ʻia ka mea "manual" no ka mea paʻa ka mea hoʻokani accordion i kona mau lima. No ka maʻalahi, pili nā kaula i ke kino, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kau iā lākou ma kou poʻohiwi a i ʻole nā ​​kaula liʻiliʻi no ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kou lima inā liʻiliʻi ke kumu hoʻohālike.

mō'aukala

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Kelemānia kahi hānau o ka accordion. I nā makahiki 20 o ke kenekulia 19, ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka mea kani mua e ka haku Berlin ʻo Friedrich Buschmann. ʻO ka mea hana āna i hana ai i kapa ʻia ʻo "harmonica". Akā aia kekahi mau mana i hiki ke hana ʻia ma ʻEnelani a ma St. Petersburg.

ʻO ka mua o ka harmonica ka harmonica. Loaʻa iā ia ke ʻano like o ka hana leo.

I ka makahiki 30-40 o ke kenekulia XNUMX, ua hoʻomaka nā harmonicas mua i Rusia. Ua lawe ʻia mai lākou e nā makaʻāinana waiwai mai nā ʻāina ʻē. I ka manawa like, hoʻomaka ka hana lima lima e nā mea hana lima Lūkini ma ka moku ʻo Tula.

Manaʻo ʻia nā mea hana lima ʻo Tula nā mea hana harmonica mua a nui. Ua hana lākou i mea hana māmā me hoʻokahi lālani pihi ma ka lima ʻākau a me ka lima hema.

He mau hiʻohiʻona lālani hoʻokahi kēia, akā ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki, ua ʻike ʻia "ʻelua lālani". Akā, loaʻa iā lākou kahi drawback koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻokani pila ʻana, no laila ua hoʻololi ʻia ka harmonization o nā mele Lūkini. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona Saratov, Livny a me ka "lei" iʻoi aku ka holomua.

ano

I ka moʻolelo o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka accordion, ua ala mai nā ʻano like ʻole me ka helu ʻokoʻa o nā kī a me nā haku, ka nui, a me ke ʻano o nā hihia. ʻAʻole pono lākou e huikau me ka pihi accordion a me ka accordion, no ka mea, he mau ʻano like ʻole kēia mau hoʻolālā. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka accordion, accordion a me nā pihi accordion i ka nui a me ka helu o nā octaves, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea hope. ʻO ka pālākiō lōʻihi o nā "ʻohana" nui he ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe.

Wahi a ke ʻano o ka unuhi ʻana i ke kani, ua māhele ʻia nā hale i ʻelua ʻano:

• Ke paʻiʻia ke pihi, laweʻia ke kani o ke kiʻekiʻe hoʻokahi - khromka, "livenka", "lei Lūkini".
• Aia ke kani i ke kuhikuhi o ka neʻe ʻana o nā hulu - "honu", "Tula", Vyatka accordion.

Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa e like me ka wahi o ka mea kani.

Hiki ke kapa ʻia kekahi mea ʻokoʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo "nā honu". He mau harmonicas liʻiliʻi loa kēia i kūʻai ʻia ma Cherepovets, i hana mua ʻia no ka leʻaleʻa o nā keiki, a ma hope ua lilo i mea kaulana i nā mea pāʻani harmonica hou a me nā mea pena.

ʻO nā ʻano kaulana loa:

• Yelets piano harmonica - i hoʻolālā ʻia ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Yelets. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka haku ʻo Ilyin i ʻike ʻia e ka mea i loaʻa iā ia kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā kī, e like me ka piano a me ke ʻano o ʻelua a me ka hapa octaves.
• ʻO Livenskaya - kaʻokoʻa nui i ka nui o nā keonimana e hana i kahi keʻena hulu lōʻihi.
• Saratovskaya - aia nā bele i ka hoʻolālā.
• ʻO Cherepovets - he liʻiliʻi loa kona nui, a aia nā pihi kīwī bass ma ke kino.
• ʻO Kirillovskaya accordion - i hanaʻia ma ka moku Vologda, paʻa, māmā, akā me ka laulā o ke kani.

Ma waena o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka khromka ka mea ākea loa - "ʻelua lālani" a i ʻole lālani hoʻokahi Russian harmonica. A loaʻa i nā lāhui like ʻole kā lākou mau harmonicas: marla-carmon ma waena o ka Mari, talyan harmun ma waena o nā Tatars, pshine ma waena o nā Adygs, komuz ma waena o nā Dagestanis.

ʻO ka accordion ka mea aloha nui a laha loa o ka poʻe Lūkini. ʻO ka harmonist ka mea nui loa i ka malihini i kēlā me kēia lā hoʻomaha, a hele pū kāna mele i nā ʻahaʻaina poʻe, nā leo i nā ʻaha kaiāulu, nā lā hoʻomaha.