Hermann Scherchen |
Herman Scherchen
ʻO ke kanaka koʻikoʻi o Hermann Scherchen ke kū nei i ka mōʻaukala o ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā kiʻi ma kahi pā me nā kukui e like me Knappertsbusch a me Walter, Klemperer a me Kleiber. Akā i ka manawa like, noho ʻo Sherchen i kahi kūlana kūikawā ma kēia moʻo. He mea noʻonoʻo mele, he mea hoʻokolohua ʻiʻo ʻo ia a he mea ʻimi i kona ola a pau. No Sherhen, ʻo kāna hana ma ke ʻano he mea pena kiʻi ke kula kiʻekiʻe, me he mea lā i loaʻa mai kāna mau hana a pau ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomohala, tribune a paionia o nā kiʻi hou. ʻAʻole wale no ka hana ʻana i nā mea i ʻike mua ʻia, akā no ke kōkua ʻana i nā mele i nā ala hou, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka poʻe hoʻolohe i ka pololei o kēia mau ala, e paipai i ka poʻe haku mele e hahai i kēia mau ala a laila e hoʻolaha i nā mea i loaʻa, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo. ʻo ia ka manaʻo o Sherhen. A ua paʻa ʻo ia i kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo mai ka hoʻomaka a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola ʻino a ʻino.
Ua aʻo ʻia ʻo Sherchen ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he violist ma ka Berlin Blutner Orchestra (1907-1910), a laila hana ʻo ia ma ka Berlin Philharmonic. ʻO ke ʻano ʻeleu o ka mea hoʻokani pila, piha i ka ikaika a me nā manaʻo, alakaʻi iā ia i ke kū o ke alakaʻi. Ua hana mua ia ma Riga i ka makahiki 1914. ʻAʻole koke i hoʻomaka ke kaua. Aia ʻo Sherhen i ka pūʻali koa, ua lawe pio ʻia a aia ma ko mākou ʻāina i nā lā o ka ʻOkakopa. No ka mahalo nui i kāna mea i ʻike ai, ua hoʻi ʻo ia i kona ʻāina hānau i ka makahiki 1918, kahi i hoʻomaka ai ʻo ia e alakaʻi i nā papa mele hana. A laila ma Berlin, hoʻokani ka Schubert Choir i nā mele kipi Lūkini no ka manawa mua, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia a me nā kikokikona Kelemania na Hermann Scherchen. A pela lakou e mau nei a hiki i keia la.
I kēia mau makahiki mua o ka hana a ka mea pena, ua ʻike ʻia kona hoihoi nui i nā kiʻi o kēia wā. ʻAʻole ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia i ka hana ʻahamele, e piʻi mau ana ka nui. Ua hoʻokumu ʻo Sherchen i ka New Musical Society ma Berlin, hoʻopuka i ka Melos magazine, i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i nā pilikia o nā mele o kēia wā, a ke aʻo nei ma ke Kula ʻo Higher School of Music. I ka makahiki 1923 ua lilo ʻo ia i hope o Furtwängler ma Frankfurt am Main, a i ka makahiki 1928-1933 ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka orchestra ma Königsberg (ʻo Kaliningrad i kēia manawa), i ka manawa like ʻo ia ke alakaʻi o ke Kulanui Mele ma Winterthur, kahi āna i alakaʻi pinepine ai a hiki i 1953. I ka hiki ʻana mai i ka mana o nā Nazis, ua neʻe ʻo Scherchen i Switzerland, kahi i noho ai ʻo ia i ka manawa hoʻokele mele o ka lekiō ma Zurich a me Beromunster. I nā makahiki ma hope o ke kaua, ua mākaʻikaʻi ʻo ia i nā wahi a pau o ka honua, alakaʻi i nā papa alakaʻi āna i hoʻokumu ai a me ka studio electro-acoustic hoʻokolohua ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Gravesano. No kekahi manawa ua alakaʻi ʻo Sherchen i ka Vienna Symphony Orchestra.
He paʻakikī ke helu ʻana i nā haku mele, ʻo ka mea hoʻokani mua ʻo Sherhen i kona ola. ʻAʻole wale ka mea hoʻokani, akā, he mea kākau pū kekahi, he mea hoʻoikaika i nā mea haku mele he nui. Ma waena o nā hanana mua i mālama ʻia ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi ʻana, ʻo ka concerto violin na B. Bartok, nā ʻāpana orchestral mai "Wozzeck" na A. Berg, ka opera "Lukull" na P. Dessau a me "White Rose" na V. Fortner, "Mother". "na A. Haba a me "Nocturne" na A. Honegger, nā mea haku mele o nā hanauna a pau - mai Hindemith, Roussel, Schoenberg, Malipiero, Egk a me Hartmann iā Nono, Boulez, Penderecki, Maderna a me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka avant-garde hou.
Hoʻohewa pinepine ʻia ʻo Sherchen no ka hiki ʻole ke heluhelu ʻia, no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻolaha i nā mea hou a pau, me ka mea ʻaʻole i hele ma waho o ke ʻano o ka hoʻokolohua. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā mea a pau i hana ʻia ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi ʻana i nā kuleana kupa ma ke kahua ʻaha mele. ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo Sherchen i hoʻohālike. ʻO kahi makemake nui no nā mea hou a pau, mākaukau e kōkua i kekahi ʻimi, e komo i loko o lākou, ʻo ka makemake e loaʻa i loko o lākou he mea kūpono, pono ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke alakaʻi, e aloha nui ʻia a kokoke i ka ʻōpio mele.
I ka manawa like, he kanaka kānalua ʻo Sherchen no nā manaʻo kiʻekiʻe. Nui kona hoihoi i nā haku mele kipi o ke Komohana a me nā mele ʻōpio Soviet. Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia hoihoi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo Sherkhen kekahi o nā mea hoʻokani mua ma ke Komohana o kekahi mau hana a kā mākou haku mele - Prokofiev, Shostakovich, Veprik, Myaskovsky, Shekhter a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua kipa ka mea pena kiʻi i ka USSR i ʻelua manawa a ua hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā hana a nā mea kākau Soviet i kāna papahana huakaʻi. I ka makahiki 1927, i kona hō'ea 'ana i ka USSR no ka manawa mua, ua ho'okani 'o Sherhen i ka Myaskovsky's Seventh Symphony, ka mea i lilo i ka hopena o kona huaka'i. "ʻO ka hana o ka symphony a Myaskovsky i lilo i mea hōʻike maoli - me ka ikaika a me ka hoʻohuli ʻana i hōʻike ʻia e ke alakaʻi, nāna i hōʻoia me kāna hana mua ma Moscow he mea unuhi maikaʻi ʻo ia i nā hana o ke ʻano hou. ” i kākau ai ka mea hoʻohewa o ka makasina Life of Art. , No laila, he makana maoli no ka hana ʻana i nā mele hou, ʻaʻole i emi iki ʻo Scherchen i ka mea hoʻokani mele kahiko, i hōʻoia ʻo ia me ka hana puʻuwai o ka ʻenehana a me ka paʻakikī Beethoven-Weingartner fugue.
Ua make ʻo Sherchen ma ke kia o ke alakaʻi; i kekahi mau lā ma mua o kona make ʻana, ua mālama ʻo ia i ka ʻaha mele o nā mele Farani a me Polani hou loa ma Bordeaux, a laila alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka hana ʻo DF Malipiero ʻOrpheida ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Florence.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek
