Maria Izrailevna Grinberg |

Maria Grinberg

"Aloha au i kāna hana hoʻomohala ʻana i kona ʻike mau ʻana o ka noʻonoʻo, ʻike maoli i ke ʻano o ke mele, ka ʻono ʻole ... , akā, ʻo ke ʻano nui o ka hōʻike ʻana, kahi ʻenehana piha, akā ʻaʻole he aka o ka "virtuosity". ʻIke pū wau i kāna pāʻani i ke koʻikoʻi, ka manaʻo hanohano o nā manaʻo a me nā manaʻo ... "

• Piano mele ma ka hale kūʻai pūnaewele Ozon →

Nui nā poʻe mele mele i kamaʻāina i ke ʻano o Maria Grinberg e ʻae maoli i kēia loiloi o GG Neuhaus. Ma kēia, hiki i kekahi ke ʻōlelo, he ʻano hoʻopuni āpau, makemake wau e hōʻike i ka huaʻōlelo "harmony". ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua lanakila ke kiʻi kiʻi o Maria Grinberg me kona kūpaʻa a ma ka manawa like versatility. Ma ke ʻano he mea noiʻi o ka hana a ka mea hoʻokani piano, ʻo kēia kūlana hope loa ma muli o ka mana o kēlā mau kumu a Grinberg i aʻo ai ma Moscow Conservatory. I kona hōʻea ʻana mai Odessa (ʻo kāna kumu a hiki i 1925 ʻo DS Aizberg), ua komo ʻo ia i ka papa o FM, Blumenfeld; ma hope mai, ua lilo ʻo KN Igumnov i alakaʻi, nona ka papa Grinberg i puka mai ka conservatory ma 1933. Ma 1933-1935, lawe ʻo ia i kahi papa postgraduate me Igumnov (ke kula o ke akamai kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka mea i kapa ʻia i kēlā manawa). A inā mai FM Blumenfeld ka mea pena kiʻi ʻōpio "ʻaiʻē" i ke ʻano maikaʻi loa o ka huaʻōlelo, kahi ala nui i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia interpretive, a laila mai KN Igumnov, ua hoʻoilina ʻo Grinberg i ka naʻau stylistic, ka haku o ke kani.

ʻO kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mea hoʻokani pila ʻo ia ka Second All-Union Competition of Performing Musicians (1935): Ua lanakila ʻo Grinberg i ka makana ʻelua. ʻO ka hoʻokūkū ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kāna hana ʻaha mele ākea. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka piʻi ʻana o ka mea hoʻokani piano i ka "Olumepus mele". Wahi a ka ʻōlelo kūpono a J. Milshtein, "he poʻe hana keaka ʻaʻole i loaʻa koke i ka loiloi pololei a piha loa ... Ke ulu mālie nei lākou, ʻaʻole i ʻike wale i ka hauʻoli o nā lanakila, akā i ka ʻawaʻawa o nā pio. Akā ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ulu lākou i ke kino, paʻa a hiki i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻi i nā makahiki. No ia mau mea ho'okani 'o Maria Grinberg.

E like me nā mea hoʻokani pila, ʻo kāna repertoire, i hoʻonui ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki, he ākea loa, a he mea paʻakikī ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma kahi ʻano paʻa e pili ana i nā ʻano repertoire o ka piano. I nā pae like ʻole o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hana noʻeau, ua hoihoi ʻia ʻo ia i nā papa mele like ʻole. Eia naʻe ... Ma ka waena o nā makahiki 30, ua hoʻokūpaʻa ʻo A. Alschwang i ka mea kūpono no Grinberg ʻo ia ka hana maʻamau. ʻO kāna mau hoa mau ʻo Bach, Scarlatti, Mozart, Beethoven. ʻAʻole me ke kumu ʻole, i ka manawa i hoʻolauleʻa ʻia ai ka lā hānau 60 o ka mea hoʻokani piano, ua mālama ʻo ia i kahi pōʻai ʻaha mele, i komo pū me nā sonata piano a Beethoven. I ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻaha mele mua o ka pōʻai, ua ʻōlelo ʻo K. Adzhemov: "ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o Grinberg ma waho o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Hōʻike ʻia ka hana i kēlā me kēia manawa e ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa o ke ʻano pilikino o ka mea hoʻokani piano, ʻoiai ke hōʻike pololei ʻia nā aka liʻiliʻi o ka notation mele a Beethoven i ka hoʻouna ʻana. Loaʻa i ka kikokikona kamaʻāina ke ola hou me ka mana o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka mea pena. Ua lanakila ʻo ia i ka hoihoi i ka hana mele, ka leo ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ka manaʻo paʻakikī, a ʻo ka mea nui loa, ʻo nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka pono o kēia mau ʻōlelo i kēia manawa ma ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā sonata a pau a Beethoven, i hana ʻia e ka mea hoʻokani piano i nā makahiki 70. Ma ka loiloi ʻana i kēia hana kupanaha, kākau ʻo N. Yudenich: “Ua piha ka mana o Grinberg me ka ikaika o ka mana nui. Ma ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā ʻano ʻuhane maikaʻi loa o ka mea hoʻolohe, hoʻāla ia i kahi pane ikaika a hauʻoli. ʻO ka hiki ʻole o ka hopena o ka hana a ka mea hoʻokani piano ke wehewehe mua ʻia e ka intonational persuasiveness, "distinctness" (e hoʻohana i ka ʻōlelo a Glinka), ka māmā o kēlā me kēia huli, pauku, kumuhana, a, ka hopena, ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻōlelo. Hoʻokomo ʻo Grinberg i ka mea hoʻolohe i ka honua nani o nā sonata a Beethoven ma ke ʻano maʻalahi, me ka ʻole o ka pili, me ka ʻole o ka mamao e hoʻokaʻawale i ka mea pena akamai mai ka mea hoʻolohe ʻike ʻole. Hōʻike koke ʻia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i ke ʻano hou o ka leo o ka hana.

Intonational freshness… He wehewehe pololei loa e wehewehe ana i ke kumu o ka hopena mau i ka lehulehu o ka pāʻani a Maria Grinberg. Pehea i loaʻa ai iā ia. Malia paha ka mea huna nui i loko o ka "general" kumu hoʻokumu o ka mea hoʻokani piano, āna i hoʻokumu mua ai penei: "Inā makemake mākou e hoʻomau i ka noho ʻana i kekahi hana, pono mākou e ʻike e like me ka mea i kākau ʻia i ko mākou manawa."

ʻOiaʻiʻo, i nā makahiki ʻaha mele lōʻihi, ua hoʻokani pinepine ʻo Greenberg i nā mele o nā mele aloha - Schubert, Schumann, Liszt, Chopin a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Akā ma kēia kumu, e like me ka nānā pono ʻana o kekahi o nā mea hoʻohewa, ua loaʻa nā loli qualitative i ke ʻano kiʻi o ka mea pena. Ma ka loiloi a D. Rabinovich (1961) heluhelu mākou: "I kēia lā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo ʻo ka naʻauao, ʻo ia ka waiwai paʻa o ke kālena a M. Grinberg, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kekahi manawa ma mua o kona ʻano ʻoiaʻiʻo. I kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻoi aku ka hauʻoli o kāna hana ma mua o ka hoʻopā ʻana. Aia kekahi "hoʻomaha" i ka hana a M. Grinberg, kahi i ʻike nui ʻia i ka wā i huli ai ka mea hoʻokani piano iā Chopin, Brahms, Rachmaninoff. I kēia manawa ua hōʻike piha ʻo ia iā ia iho ʻaʻole wale i nā mele kahiko, kahi i lawe lōʻihi iā ia i nā lanakila hoʻomohala maikaʻi loa, akā i nā mele aloha.

Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻo Greenberg i nā haku mele i kāna mau papahana i ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻia e ka lehulehu ākea a ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole loa i loaʻa ma nā pepa ʻaha mele. No laila, i kekahi o kāna mau hana ʻo Moscow, kani nā hana a Telemann, Graun, Soler, Seixas a me nā mea haku mele ʻē aʻe o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Hiki iā mākou ke inoa i nā pāʻani hapa poina e Wiese, Lyadov a me Glazunov, ʻo Tchaikovsky's Second Concerto, kekahi o kāna mau mea hoʻolaha ikaika i ko mākou manawa ua lilo ʻo Maria Grinberg.

Ua loaʻa i ka mele Soviet kekahi hoa aloha i kona kino. Ma keʻano he hoʻokahi o kona nānā ʻana i ka hana hoʻokani mele o kēia wā, hiki i kahi papahana sonata holoʻokoʻa e nā mea kākau Soviet, i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no ka makahiki 30 o ʻOkakopa, hiki ke lawelawe: ʻElua - na S. Prokofiev, ʻekolu - na D. Kabalevsky, ʻEhā - na V. Bely, Kolu – na M. Weinberg. Ua hana ʻo ia i nā mele he nui na D. Shostakovich, B. Shekhter, A. Lokshin.

I loko o nā hui, nā hoa hana o ka mea pena he mau leo ​​leo ʻo N. Dorliak, A. Dolivo, S. Yakovenko, kāna kaikamahine, pianist N. Zabavnikova. Hoʻohui mākou i kēia ua kākau ʻo Greenberg i nā hoʻonohonoho a me nā hoʻonohonoho no nā piano ʻelua. Ua hoʻomaka ka piano i kāna hana aʻo i ka makahiki 1959 ma ke Keʻena ʻo Gnessin, a i ka makahiki 1970 ua loaʻa iā ia ka inoa o ke kumu.

Ua hāʻawi nui ʻo Maria Grinberg i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hana hana Soviet. I loko o kahi obituary pōkole i kākau ʻia e T. Khrennikov, G. Sviridov a me S. Richter, aia kekahi mau huaʻōlelo penei: "ʻO ka nui o kāna talena aia i ka mana nui o ka mana pololei, i hui pū ʻia me ka hohonu o ka noʻonoʻo, ka pae kiʻekiʻe. o ke akamai a me ka hana piano. ʻO kāna wehewehe ponoʻī ʻana i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana āna e hana ai, ʻo kona hiki ke "heluhelu" i ka manaʻo o ka haku mele ma ke ʻano hou, ua wehe ʻia nā ʻano hana hou a me nā mea hou.

Lit.: Milshtein Ya. Maria Grinberg. – M., 1958; Rabinovich D. Nā kiʻi o nā mea hoʻokani piano. – M., 1970.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.