Maria Nikolaevna Kuznetsova-Benois |

Maria Kuznetsova-Benois

ʻO Maria Nikolaevna Kuznetsova he mea hoʻokani opera Lūkia (soprano) a he hula, kekahi o nā mele kaulana loa o Russia ma mua o ke kipi. ʻO ke alakaʻi soloist o ka Mariinsky Theatre, ka mea komo o Sergei Diaghilev's Russian Seasons. Ua hana ʻo ia me NA Rimsky-Korsakov, Richard Strauss, Jules Massenet, hīmeni pū me Fyodor Chaliapin a me Leonid Sobinov. Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana iā Rūsia ma hope o 1917, hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka hana kūleʻa ma waho.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Maria Nikolaevna Kuznetsova i ka makahiki 1880 ma Odessa. Ua ulu ʻo Maria i loko o kahi ʻano noʻonoʻo a noʻonoʻo, ʻo kona makuakāne ʻo Nikolai Kuznetsov he mea pena, a ʻo kona makuahine i hele mai mai ka ʻohana Mechnikov, ʻo nā ʻanakala o Maria he Nobel laureate biologist Ilya Mechnikov a me ka sociologist Lev Mechnikov. Ua kipa ʻo Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky i ka hale o Kuznetsov, nāna i huki i ka manaʻo i ke talena o ka mea mele e hiki mai ana a haku i nā mele a nā keiki nona, mai kona wā kamaliʻi ua moe ʻo Maria e lilo i mea hana keaka.

Ua hoʻouna kona mau mākua iā ia i kahi hale haʻuki ma Switzerland, e hoʻi ana i Rusia, ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka ballet ma St. Ua ʻike nā kānaka a pau i kāna soprano lyrical maʻemaʻe, kālena ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hana keaka a me ka nani wahine. Ua wehewehe ʻo Igor Fedorovich Stravinsky iā ia "... he soprano dramatic e ʻike ʻia a hoʻolohe ʻia me ka makemake like."

I ka makahiki 1904, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Maria Kuznetsova i kāna hana mua ma ke kahua o ka St. Petersburg Conservatory e like me Tatyana ma Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin, a ma ke kahua o ka Mariinsky Theatre ma 1905 ʻo Marguerite ma Gounod's Faust. ʻO Soloist o ka Mariinsky Theatre, me kahi hoʻomaha pōkole, ua noho ʻo Kuznetsova a hiki i ke kipi ʻana o 1917. I ka makahiki 1905, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻelua mau mele mele mele me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o kāna mau hana ma St.

I kekahi manawa, i ka makahiki 1905, ma hope koke iho o ka ho'omaka 'ana o Kuznetsova ma Mariinsky, i ka wā o kāna hana ma ka hale keaka, ua ho'omaka ka hakaka ma waena o nā haumāna a me nā luna, he kipi ke kūlana o ka'āina, a ho'omaka ka panic ma ka hale keaka. Ua hoʻopau ʻo Maria Kuznetsova i ka aria a Elsa mai ka "Lohengrin" a R. Wagner a hīmeni mālie i ke mele Lūkini "God Save the Tsar", ua koi ʻia nā buzzers e hoʻōki i ka hakakā a ua mālie ka poʻe, hoʻomau ka hana.

ʻO ke kāne mua a Maria Kuznetsova ʻo Albert Albertovich Benois, mai ka moʻokūʻauhau kaulana o nā mea kākau Lūkini, nā mea pena, nā mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo Benois. I ka wā mua o kāna ʻoihana, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Maria ma lalo o ka inoa ʻelua ʻo Kuznetsova-Benoit. I ka lua o ka male, ua mare ʻo Maria Kuznetsova i ka mea hana ʻo Bogdanov, i ke kolu - i ka mea panakō a me ka mea hana ʻoihana ʻo Alfred Massenet, ke keiki a ka mea haku mele kaulana ʻo Jules Massenet.

I loko o kāna ʻoihana holoʻokoʻa, ua komo ʻo Kuznetsova-Benois i ka nui o nā opera opera ʻEulopa, me nā ʻāpana o Fevronia ma Rimsky-Korsakov's The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevronia and Cleopatra mai ka opera o ka inoa hoʻokahi e J. Massenet, ʻo ia hoʻi. Ua kākau nui ka haku mele nona. A ma ke kahua Lūkini hoʻi, hōʻike ʻo ia no ka manawa mua i nā kuleana o Woglinda ma R. Gold o ka Rhine na R. Wagner, Cio-Cio-san ma Madama Butterfly na G. Puccini a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui. Ua mākaʻikaʻi ʻo ia i nā kūlanakauhale ma Rusia, Farani, Pelekane Nui, Kelemānia, Italia, USA a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe me ka Mariinsky Opera Company.

Ma waena o kāna mau hana maikaʻi loa: Antonida ("Life for the Tsar" na M. Glinka), Lyudmila ("Ruslan and Lyudmila" na M. Glinka), Olga ("Mermaid" na A. Dargomyzhsky), Masha ("Dubrovsky" na E . Napravnik), Oksana ("Cherevichki" na P. Tchaikovsky), Tatiana ("Eugene Onegin" na P. Tchaikovsky), Kupava ("The Snow Maiden" na N. Rimsky-Korsakov), Juliet ("Romeo and Juliet" na Ch. Gounod), Carmen ("Carmen" Zh Bizet), Manon Lescaut ("Manon" na J. Massenet), Violetta ("La Traviata" na G. Verdi), Elsa ("Lohengrin" na R. Wagner) a me na mea e ae. .

I ka makahiki 1914, ua ha'alele 'o Kuznetsova i ka Mariinsky Theatre a, me ka Russian Ballet o Sergei Diaghilev, i ho'okani 'ia ma Palika a me Lādana ma ke 'ano he ballerina, a ua kāko'o pū 'o ia i kā lākou hana. Ua hula ʻo ia i ka ballet "The Legend of Joseph" na Richard Strauss, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka ballet e nā hōkū o ko lākou manawa - ka haku mele a me ke alakaʻi ʻo Richard Strauss, ke alakaʻi ʻo Sergei Diaghilev, choreographer Mikhail Fokin, nā lole a me nā hiʻohiʻona Lev Bakst, alakaʻi hula Leonid Myasin. . He kuleana koʻikoʻi ia a he hui maikaʻi, akā mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka hana ʻana i kekahi mau pilikia: ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi ka manawa no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, ua hewa ʻo Strauss, no ka mea, hōʻole ʻo Ida Rubinstein lāua ʻo Lydia Sokolova i ka hoʻokipa, a hana ʻo Strauss. ʻAʻole makemake e hana pū me nā mea hoʻokani Farani a hakakā mau me ka orkestra, a ua hopohopo mau ʻo Diaghilev no ka haʻalele ʻana o ka mea hula ʻo Vaslav Nijinsky mai ka hui. ʻOiai nā pilikia ma hope o nā hiʻohiʻona, ua lanakila ka ballet ma Ladana a me Palisa. Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i kona lima ma ka ballet, ua hana ʻo Kuznetsova i kekahi mau hana operatic, me ka hana ʻana o Borodin ʻo Prince Igor ma Lākana.

Ma hope o ke kipi i ka makahiki 1918, haʻalele ʻo Maria Kuznetsova iā Rusia. E like me ka mea e pono ai ka mea hana keaka, ua hana ʻo ia i ka nani nani - ua ʻaʻahu ʻia e like me ke keiki kāne keʻena, ua peʻe ʻo ia ma ka papa haʻahaʻa o kahi moku e holo ana i Suedena. Ua lilo ʻo ia i mele mele ma ka Stockholm Opera, a laila ma Copenhagen a laila ma ka Royal Opera House, Covent Garden ma Lākana. I kēia mau manawa a pau ua hele mau ʻo ia i Palika, a i ka makahiki 1921 ua noho ʻo ia ma Paris, a ua lilo ʻo ia i lua o ka hale hana.

I ka makahiki 1920, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Kuznetsova i nā ʻaha mele pilikino kahi i hīmeni ai ʻo ia i nā mele Lūkini, Palani, Paniolo a me nā mele gypsy, romances a me nā keaka. Ma kēia mau ʻaha mele, hula pinepine ʻo ia i nā hula poʻe Sepania a me ka flamenco. ʻO kekahi o kāna mau ʻahamele he manawaleʻa e kōkua ai i ka neʻe ʻana o Rūsia nele. Ua lilo ʻo ia i hōkū o ka opera Parisian, ʻo ka ʻae ʻia ʻana i loko o kāna salona i manaʻo ʻia he hanohano nui. "ʻO ke kala o ke kaiāulu", ʻo nā kuhina a me nā mea hana ʻoihana i hoʻopili i mua o kona alo. Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻaha mele pilikino, ua hana pinepine ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he soloist ma nā hale opera he nui ma ʻEulopa, me nā mea ma Covent Garden a ma Paris Opera a me ka Opéra Comique.

I ka makahiki 1927, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo Maria Kuznetsova, me Prince Alexei Tsereteli a me baritone Mikhail Karakash, i ka hui kūʻokoʻa ʻo Russian Opera ma Paris, kahi i kono ai lākou i nā mea mele opera Lūkini i haʻalele iā Russia. Ua hoʻokani ka ʻOpera Lūkini iā ​​Sadko, The Tale of Tsar Saltan, The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevronia, The Sorochinskaya Fair and other operas and ballets by Russian haku mele a hoʻokani ʻia ma Lākana, Paris, Barcelona, ​​​​Madrid, Milan. a ma kahi mamao loa o Buenos Aires. Ua mau ka ʻOpera Lūkini a hiki i ka makahiki 1933.

Ua make ʻo Maria Kuznetsova i ka lā 25 ʻApelila, 1966 ma Paris, Farani.