Maria Veniaminovna Yudina |

Maria Yudina

ʻO Maria Yudina kekahi o nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a me nā kiʻi kumu i kā mākou lewa piano. I ke kumu o ka manaʻo, ka ʻokoʻa o nā wehewehe he nui, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka maʻamau ʻole o kāna repertoire. ʻAneʻane lilo nā hana a pau āna i hanana hoihoi a kū hoʻokahi.

• Piano mele ma ka hale kūʻai pūnaewele OZON.ru

A i kēlā me kēia manawa, inā paha i ka wanaʻao o ka hana a ka mea pena (nā makahiki 20) a i ʻole ma hope, ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa nui kāna kiʻi i waena o ka poʻe piano ponoʻī, a ma waena o ka poʻe hoʻohewa, a ma waena o ka poʻe hoʻolohe. Akā i ka makahiki 1933, ua kuhikuhi pololei ʻo G. Kogan i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ko Yudina ʻano noʻeau: "Ma ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o kāna talena, ʻaʻole kūpono kēia pianist i ke ʻano hana maʻamau o kā mākou hana ʻaha mele i hoʻokomo ʻia i nā mea hoʻokani pila. piʻi i loko o nā kuʻuna romantic epigonation. ʻO ia ke kumu o nā ʻōlelo e pili ana i ke kiʻi o MV Yudina he ʻokoʻa a kūʻē ʻole, ʻo ka laulā o ia mau mea mai ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka "hiki ʻole" i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka "hoʻohanohano nui". ʻAʻole pololei nā hoʻopiʻi ʻelua. Ma ke ʻano o ka ikaika a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka piano, ʻike liʻiliʻi loa ʻo MV Yudina i nā mea like ma ke kahua ʻaha mele hou. He mea paʻakikī ke kapa ʻana i kahi mea hoʻokani e hoʻokau i ka ʻuhane o ka mea hoʻolohe i kahi peʻa ikaika, ikaika, alualu ʻia e like me ka ʻāpana ʻelua o ka concerto A-dur a Mozart i hana ʻia e MV Yudina ... ʻAʻole hiki mai ka "Feeling" a MV Yudina mai ka uē a kaniuhu: ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻuhane nui, ua huki ʻia i kahi laina koʻikoʻi, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā ʻāpana nui, i kāwili ʻia i kahi ʻano kūpono. I kekahi poʻe, ʻike ʻia kēia kiʻi "ʻaʻole i haʻi ʻia": ʻo ka ʻike maopopo ʻole o ka pāʻani o MV Yudina i hala loa i ka nui o nā mitigations "ʻoluʻolu" i manaʻo ʻia. ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona o ka hana a MV Yudina e hiki ai ke hoʻokokoke i kāna hana i kekahi mau ʻano hou o ka hana hana. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona ma ʻaneʻi ka "polyplan" o ka noʻonoʻo, "extreme" tempos (lohi - lohi, wikiwiki - ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ka mea maʻamau), he "heluhelu" wiwo ʻole a hou o ka kikokikona, mamao loa mai ke aloha arbitrariness, akā i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka hakakā me ka epigone. kuʻuna. ʻOkoʻa kēia mau hiʻohiʻona ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea kākau ʻokoʻa: ʻoi aku ka manaʻo o Bach a me Hindemith ma mua o Schumann a me Chopin. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻike i hoʻomau i kona ikaika no nā makahiki he ʻumi aʻe ...

Ua hele 'o Yudina i ka 'aha mele ma hope o kona puka 'ana mai ka Petrograd Conservatory ma 1921 ma ka papa o LV Nikolaev. Eia kekahi, ua aʻo ʻo ia me AN ​​Esipova, VN Drozdov a me FM Blumenfeld. I loko o ka ʻoihana a Yudina, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia e ka "mobility" kiʻi a me ka hoʻonohonoho wikiwiki ʻana i ka palapala piano hou. Ma ʻaneʻi, ʻo kona ʻano i ka hana mele ma ke ʻano he mea ola, hoʻomohala mau i ka hana. ʻAʻole like me ka hapa nui o nā mea pāʻani ʻahamele i ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole i haʻalele ʻo Yudin i nā mea hou piano iā ia i kona mau makahiki emi. Ua lilo ʻo ia i mea hana mua ma ka Soviet Union o nā hana e K. Shimanovsky, I. Stravinsky, S. Prokofiev, P. Hindemith, E. Ksheneck, A. Webern, B. Martin, F. Marten, V. Lutoslavsky, K. Serotsky; ʻO kāna repertoire ʻo D. Shostakovich's Second Sonata a me B. Bartok's Sonata for Two Pianos and Percussion. Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻo Yudina i kāna Sonata Piano ʻElua iā Yu. Shaporin. ʻO kona hoihoi i nā mea hou a pau ʻaʻole hiki ke maona. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i kali no ka hiki ʻana mai o ka ʻike i kēia mea kākau. Hele ʻo ia iā lākou iho. Nui nā mea haku mele Soviet i loaʻa ma Yudina ʻaʻole wale ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana, akā he pane hoʻokō ola. Ma kāna papa inoa repertoire (ma waho aʻe o nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia) ʻike mākou i nā inoa o V. Bogdanov-Berezovsky, M. Gnesin, E. Denisov, I. Dzerzhinsky, O. Evlakhov, N. Karetnikov, L. Knipper, Yu. Kochurov, A. Mosolov, N. Myaskovsky, L. Polovinkin, G. Popov, P. Ryazanov, G. Sviridov, V. Shcherbachev, Mikh. ʻO Yudin. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ua hōʻike ʻia nā mea hoʻokumu o kā mākou moʻomeheu mele a me nā haku o ka hanauna ma hope o ke kaua. A e hoʻonui hou aʻe kēia papa inoa o nā mea haku mele inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka hana mele mele lumi lumi, kahi a Yudina i hoʻokomo ai me ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole.

ʻO kahi wehewehe maʻamau - "ka mea hoʻolaha o nā mele hou" - pololei, kani haʻahaʻa loa e pili ana i kēia pianist. Makemake au e kapa aku i kāna hana hoʻolaha hoʻolaha kiʻekiʻe a me nā manaʻo nani.

"Ua paʻi mau wau i ka nui o kona honua uhane, kona ʻuhane mau," i kākau ai ka mea haku mele L. Ozerov. Eia ʻo ia e hele ana i ka piano. A me he mea lā iaʻu, a me nā mea a pau: ʻaʻole mai ka mea akamai, akā mai ka lehulehu o nā kānaka, mai ia, kēia lehulehu, nā manaʻo a me nā manaʻo. Hele ʻo ia i ka piano e ʻōlelo, haʻi, hōʻike i kahi mea nui, koʻikoʻi loa.

ʻAʻole no kahi leʻaleʻa leʻaleʻa, hele nā ​​mea aloha mele i ka ʻaha mele a Yudina. Me ka mea pena kiʻi, pono lākou e hahai i ka ʻike o nā hana kahiko me ka maka ʻole, ʻoiai e pili ana i nā laʻana kaulana. No laila, ʻike pinepine ʻoe i ka mea ʻike ʻole ʻia ma nā mele a Pushkin, nā moʻolelo a Dostoevsky a i ʻole Tolstoy. ʻO ke ʻano ma kēia ʻano ka nānā ʻana iā Ya. I. Zak: “Ua ʻike au i kāna ʻano hana ma ke ʻano he kamaʻilio kanaka - hanohano, koʻikoʻi, ʻaʻohe manaʻo. ʻO ka haʻiʻōlelo a me ka hana keaka, i kekahi manawa… ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia i ke ʻano o ka kikokikona o ka hana, i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka hana a Yudina. ʻO ka ʻono ʻoiaʻiʻo i hoʻokaʻawale loa i ke aka o ka noʻonoʻo. 'O ka mea'ē a'e, ua alaka'i'o ia i ka hohonu o ka ho'omaopopo'ana i ka mana'o o ka hana, i hā'awi i ka mana nui loa i kāna mau hana'o Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Shostakovich. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona i kū akaka ma kāna ʻōlelo mele wiwo ʻole he kūlohelohe maoli, ʻaʻohe ala hoʻopilikia. Hoʻokaʻawale wale ʻo ia a hoʻoikaika i ka manaʻo noʻonoʻo a me ka noʻonoʻo o ka hana. ʻO ia ka "italic" i koi ai i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā mana naʻauao mai ka mea hoʻolohe i kona ʻike ʻana i ka wehewehe ʻana a Yudin, e ʻōlelo, ʻo Bach's Goldberg Variations, Beethoven's concertos a me sonatas, Schubert's impromptu, Brahms's Variations on a Theme by Handel Russian… Ua hōʻailona ʻia nā mele e kahi kumu hohonu, a ma luna o nā mea āpau "Pictures at an Exhibition" na Mussorgsky.

Me ka hana noʻeau o Yudina, ʻoiai ma ka palena palena, hiki i nā moʻolelo āna i pāʻani ai i kēia manawa ke hiki ke kamaʻāina. "ʻO nā hoʻopaʻa ʻana paha, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka haʻawina ma mua o ke kani ola," i kākau ai ʻo N. Tanaev ma Musical Life, "akā hāʻawi pū lākou i kahi kiʻi piha piha o ka makemake hana o ka mea hana ... . ʻAʻole ka ʻenehana ponoʻī, ka leo Yudinsky kūʻokoʻa me ka nui o kona leo (e hoʻolohe i ka liʻiliʻi loa i kāna mau bass - ke kumu ikaika o ka hale kani holoʻokoʻa), akā ʻo nā ala o ka lanakila ʻana i ka pūpū o waho o ke kani, e wehe ana i ke ala e hiki ai. ka hohonu loa o ke kii. He mea mau ka piano a Yudina, kela leo, kela leo hookahi, he kino piha… Ua hoowahawahaia o Yudina i kekahi manawa no kekahi ano ano. No laila, no ka laʻana, manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo G. Neuhaus i kona makemake no ka hōʻoia ʻana iā ia iho, ʻo ke ʻano ikaika o ka pianist e hana hou i nā mea kākau "i kona kiʻi a me kona ʻano." Me he mea lā, akā naʻe (ma kekahi hihia, e pili ana i ka hana hope loa a ka mea hoʻokani piano) ʻaʻole mākou e hālāwai me ka manaʻo arbitrariness a Yudina ma ke ʻano o "makemake wau pēlā"; ʻAʻole kēia ma laila, akā aia "e like me kaʻu i hoʻomaopopo ai" ... ʻAʻole kēia he manaʻo ʻole, akā ʻo kona ʻano ponoʻī i ke kiʻi.