Nā Nuances i ke mele: Dynamics (Lesson 12)

Ma kēia haʻawina, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kahi ala ʻē aʻe o ka lawe ʻana i nā manaʻo - dynamics (loudness) of music.

Ua ʻōlelo mua mākou ua like loa ka haʻiʻōlelo mele me ka haʻiʻōlelo ma ko mākou ʻano kuʻuna. A ʻo kekahi o nā ala e hōʻike ai i ko mākou mau manaʻo (ma waho aʻe o ka manawa o ka hana hou ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo) ʻo ia kekahi, ʻaʻole i emi iki ka ikaika - ʻo ia ka leo a mākou e haʻi ai i nā huaʻōlelo. ʻO nā ʻōlelo haʻahaʻa a me ke aloha ke ʻōlelo ʻia me ka leo leo, nā kauoha, ka huhū, nā ʻōlelo hoʻoweliweli a me nā hoʻopiʻi. E like me ka leo kanaka, hiki i ke mele ke "ho'ōho" a me ka "hauwana".

He aha kou manaʻo e hoʻohui i ka mea pahū i kapa ʻia ʻo "dynamite", ka hui haʻuki "Dynamo" a me ka lipine "speakers"? Mai ka huaʻōlelo hoʻokahi - δύναμις [dynamis], unuhi ʻia mai ka Helene ʻo "ikaika". Ma laila mai ka huaʻōlelo “dynamics”. ʻO nā aka o ke kani (aiʻole, ma ka'ōlelo Palani, nā nuances) i kapaʻia he mau dynamic hues, aʻo ka ikaika o kahi kani mele i kapaʻia he dynamics.

ʻO nā nuances dynamic maʻamau, mai ka palupalu a i ka leo nui, ua helu ʻia ma lalo nei:

• pp – pianissimo – pianissimo – mālie loa
• p – Piano – piano – palupalu
• mp — Mezzo piano — mezzo-piano — in meru quiet
• mf – Mezzo forte – mezzo forte – ʻano leo nui
• f – Forte – forte – leo nui
• ff -Fortissimo – fortissimo – leo nui loa

No ka hōʻike ʻana i nā degere kiʻekiʻe loa o ka leo, hoʻohana ʻia nā leka hou f a me p. Eia kekahi laʻana, nā inoa fff a me ppp. ʻAʻohe o lākou inoa maʻamau, ʻōlelo maʻamau lākou "forte-fortissimo" a me "piano-pianissimo", a i ʻole "ʻekolu fortes" a "ʻekolu piano".

ʻO ka koho ʻana o ka dynamics he pili, ʻaʻole paʻa. No ka laʻana, ʻaʻole hōʻike ʻia ka mp i ka pae leo pololei, akā pono e hoʻokani ʻia ka paukū i ʻoi aku ka leo ma mua o ka p a ʻoi aku ka mālie ma mua o ka mf.

I kekahi manawa, ʻo ke mele ponoʻī e haʻi iā ʻoe pehea e pāʻani ai. No ka laʻana, pehea ʻoe e pāʻani ai i kahi lullaby?

Pololei - mālie. Pehea e pāʻani ai i kahi alarm?

ʻAe, leo nui.

Akā, aia kekahi mau hihia inā ʻaʻole maopopo i ka ʻōlelo mele ke ʻano o ka mea haku mele i hoʻokomo i loko o ka ʻāpana mele. ʻO ia ke kumu i kākau ai ka mea kākau i nā hōʻailona ma ke ʻano o nā kiʻi dynamics ma lalo o ka kikokikona mele. ʻOi aku a emi mai paha e like me kēia:

Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia nā nuances dynamic ma ka hoʻomaka a ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe i kahi hana mele.

ʻElua mau hōʻailona o ka dinamika āu e hālāwai pinepine ai. I koʻu manaʻo, ua like lākou me nā nuku manu.

Hōʻike kēia mau kiʻi i ka piʻi mālie a i ʻole ka emi ʻana o ka leo kani. No laila, i mea e hīmeni nui ai, wehe aʻela ka manu i kona nuku (<), a i mea e hīmeni mālie ai, uhi ʻia kona nuku (>). Hōʻike ʻia kēia mau mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "forks" ma lalo o ka kikokikona mele, a ma luna aʻe o ia (ʻoi aku ma luna o ka ʻāpana leo).

E noʻonoʻo i ka laʻana:

Ma kēia laʻana, ʻo ka mākia lōʻihi lōʻihi ( < ) ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻokani nui ʻia ka ʻāpana a me ka leo nui a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ka crescendo.

A ma ʻaneʻi, ʻo ka tapering "fork" ( > ) ma lalo o ka huaʻōlelo mele, ʻo ia ka mea e pono ke hoʻokani mālie ʻia ka ʻāpana a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ka hōʻailona diminuendo, a ʻo ka pae leo mua i kēia laʻana he mf (mezzo forte), a ʻo ka leo hope. he p (piano).

No nā kumu like, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke ʻano waha. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "Ke ulu nei ʻoe“(Italian crescendo, abbreviated cresc.) hōʻike i ka piʻi mālie o ke kani, a”ʻO Diminuendo“(Italian diminuendo, abbreviated dim.), or hoʻēmi ʻana (decrescendo, abbreviated decresc.) – hoʻonāwaliwali mālie.

hoʻopaʻa inoa cresc. a pōʻeleʻele. hiki ke hui pū ʻia me nā kuhikuhi hou aʻe:

• poco - poco - liʻiliʻi
• poco a poco - poco a poco - liʻiliʻi
• subito a i ʻole subito. — subito – hikiwawe
• piū - inu wau - ʻoi aku

Eia kekahi mau huaʻōlelo e pili ana i ka dynamics:

• al niente – al ninte – literally “to nothing”, to silence
• calando – kalando – “hele i lalo”; e hoʻolohi i ka leo
• marcato - marcato - hoʻoikaika i kēlā me kēia memo
• morendo - morendo - mae (hoʻomaha a hoʻolohi i ka wikiwiki)
• perdendo a i ʻole perdendosi - perdendo - pau ka ikaika, hāʻule
• leo sotto – leo sotto – in an undertone

ʻAe, i ka hopena, makemake wau e huki i kou manaʻo i kahi nuance ikaika - ʻo kēia ka leo. Ma ka haʻiʻōlelo mele, ʻike ʻia ʻo ia he uē ʻoi kaʻawale.

Ma nā memo, ua hōʻike ʻia:

• sforzando a i ʻole sforzato (sf a i ʻole sfz) – sforzando a i ʻole sforzato – ka leo ʻoi koke
• piano forte (fp) – leo nui, a laila mālie koke
• piano sforzando (sfp) - hōʻike i kahi sforzando i ukali ʻia e kahi piano

ʻO kekahi “accent” ke kākau ʻia e hōʻike ʻia e ka > hōʻailona ma luna a ma lalo paha o ka memo (chord).

A ʻo ka hope, eia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona kahi āu, ke manaʻolana nei au, e hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokō i nā ʻike āpau āu i loaʻa ai i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa: