Pavel Gerasimovich Lisitsian (Pavel Lisitsian) |

Pavel Lisitsian

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Nowemapa 6, 1911 ma Vladikavkaz. Makuakane – Lisitsian Gerasim Pavlovich. makuahine – Lisitsian Srbui Manukovna. Wahine - Dagmar Alexandrovna Lisitsian. Nā keiki: Ruzanna Pavlovna, Ruben Pavlovich, Karina Pavlovna, Gerasim Pavlovich. Loaʻa nā mea a pau i ka hoʻonaʻauao mele kiʻekiʻe, lilo i mea hoʻokani kaulana, nā laureates o nā hoʻokūkū honua, loaʻa nā poʻo inoa o People's Artists of Armenia, Honored Artists of Russia.

ʻO ke kupuna kāne o PG Lisitsian, ʻo Pavel Gerasimovich hoʻi, he mea hoʻokele. Ua hana koʻu makuakāne ma ke ʻano he foreman drill. A laila, ua ho'onohonoho 'o ia i hale hana no ka hana 'ana i nā pahu cigakeke (ka makua kāne o ka mea ho'okele hale ki'i nui 'o Yevgeny Vakhtangov, Bagrationi Vakhtangov, hā'awi iā ia i ke kālā no kēia 'oihana). Ua kūʻaiʻo Gerasim Pavlovich i nā mea hana ma Finland, hoʻonohonoho i ka hana, aʻelua makahiki ma hope mai ua uku piha i kāna mau aie. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hale hana a ua koi ʻia ka makuakāne e hoʻi i ka ʻoihana o kahi haku wili.

Ua hauʻoli ka ʻohana Lisitsian i ka mahalo kūikawā ma ke kaiāulu ʻAmenia ma muli o ke ʻano mele ʻole o nā ʻohana āpau - ʻo ka makuahine a me ka makuakāne, a me ke kaikuaʻana ʻo Ruzanna, a mai ka wā liʻiliʻi ʻo Pavel ponoʻī - ua hīmeni nā mea a pau i ka papa mele o ka hale pule ʻAmenia. ua hoʻopiha ʻia nā hola leʻaleʻa home i nā mele . I ka makahiki ʻehā, ua hāʻawi ka mea mele i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e noho ana ma ka ʻūhā o kona mau kūpuna, i kāna mau ʻaha mele mua - ua hana ʻo ia i ka solo a me ka duet me kona makuakāne ʻaʻole wale ʻo Armenia, akā ʻo nā mele ʻo Rūsia, Ukrainian a me Neapolitan. Ma hope mai, he mau makahiki o ke aʻo ʻana i ka papa mele ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana o ke kumu aʻoaʻo koʻikoʻi - nā haku mele ʻo Sardaryan lāua ʻo Manukyan - i hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o Pavel Lisitsian. ʻO ka hoʻonaʻauao mele ʻana o ke keiki he mea maʻalahi a ikaika - ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka cello, lawe i nā haʻawina piano, hoʻokani ʻia ma kahi okestra amateur ... ʻO ka hana mele home kekahi i loaʻa iā ia nā pōmaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻole: makemake nā mea hoʻokipa huakaʻi e kipa i kahi ʻohana hoʻokipa, a ua pau nā ahiahi me ka hiki ʻole. nā ʻahamele. No Paul, ʻoiai hiki iā ia ke hoʻomanaʻo, ʻo ka hīmeni ʻana he mea kūlohelohe ia e like me ke kamaʻilio ʻana a me ka hanu ʻana. Akā, ʻaʻole i mākaukau nā mākua o ke keiki no ka hana mele. ʻO ka laka a me nā mea hana kamana mai ka wā liʻiliʻi, ua maʻa i ke keiki a ma lalo o nā mea mele.

I ka makahiki ʻumikūmālima, ma hope o kona puka ʻana mai ke kula ʻeiwa makahiki, haʻalele ʻo Pavel i ka hale o kona mau mākua e hana kūʻokoʻa. Ua hoʻomaka ke ola nomadic i ka ʻimi ʻāina, nā hui ʻeli daimana. 1927 – Nā mines ʻo Sadon ma kahi o Vladikavkaz, ʻo Pavel – ka haumāna driller, mea hana lima, kōkua. 1928 - ʻO Makhuntets kokoke i Batumi, hana ma ke ʻano he kōkua i ka haku. 1929 - ʻO Akhalkalaki, ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kahua mana hydroelectric Taparavan, ʻo Pavel - he haku wili a he mea komo mau i nā hana kiʻi amateur, he mea hoʻokani mele i kahi mele mele. Ma hope o kekahi o nā haʻiʻōlelo, ua hāʻawi ke poʻo o ka pāʻina i ka haku he ʻumikumamāwalu makahiki i kahi tiketi mai ka Tiflis Geological Administration i ke kumu hana o ka Leningrad Conservatory. Ua hōʻea ʻo Pavel i Leningrad i ke kauwela o 1930. Ua ʻike ʻia aia he mau mahina i koe ma mua o nā hoʻokolohua komo, a hoʻomaka koke ʻo ia e hana ma ka Baltic Shipyard. Ua haku ke kanaka ʻōpio i nā ʻoihana o ka riveter a me ka welder uila, ka hāmare. Akā, pono wau e haʻalele me ka Leningrad Conservatory i koʻu hoʻomaka ʻana e aʻo.

Ua komo ʻo Pavel i ka Bolshoi Drama Theatre ma ke ʻano he keu. Ua hoʻomaka nā kula kiʻiʻoniʻoni, kahi piʻi ʻē aʻe o nā ʻanuʻu ʻoihana - mai kahi keu a hiki i ke kuhina nui. ʻO ka hana i hiki ai ke ʻike i nā haku i kēlā me kēia lā, hanu i ka lewa o nā hiʻohiʻona, e hui pū me nā kuʻuna o ke kula hana Lūkini. ʻO ka mea mahalo, ua loaʻa i ka mea mele kahi diploma o ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe i ka wā makua, ʻo ia ka mea i aʻo nui ʻia a me People's Artist o ka USSR - ua puka ʻo ia mai ka Yerevan Conservatory ma ke ʻano he haumāna waho ma 1960.

I ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻōpio ʻōpio i ka hana o kahi helu solo - ʻo Shaporin's romance "Night Zephyr". ʻO kēia mau hana ma ka Bolshoi Drama Theatre hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka hoʻomaka leo ʻoihana a ka mea pena. I ka makahiki 1932, ho'omaka hou 'o Pavel i nā ha'awina himeni ma'amau me ke kumu MM Levitskaya. ʻO ka hope, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ke ʻano o kona leo - he baritone. Ua hoʻomākaukauʻo Levitskaya iā Pavel no ke komoʻana i ke kulanui mele, kahi i hoʻomaka aiʻo ia e aʻo me ZS Dolskaya. ʻEkolu mau makahiki wale nō ʻo Lisitsian ma ke akamai o ka hīmeni ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i kona leo - mai ka makahiki 1932 a hiki i ka makahiki 1935. ʻO ia ka manawa i mahalo ai ʻo AI Orfenov i kāna ʻano leo oʻo loa. He ʻelua kumu leo ​​ʻo Lisitsian, ʻaʻole helu ʻo Battistini, akā i waena o nā kumu i kōkua iā ia e haku i nā wahi like ʻole o ka hana, ua kapa ʻo ia i nā inoa he nui loa, a, ʻo ka mea mua, nā piano-concertmasters A. Meerovich, M. Sakharov, haku mele A. Dolukhanyan, nā alakaʻi S. Samosud, A. Ter-Hovhannisyan, V. Nebolsin, A. Pazovsky, A. Melik-Pashaev, alakaʻi B. Pokrovsky…

I ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ʻo ia e aʻo ma ke kula ʻenehana, ua lilo ʻo Pavel i mea mele me ka First Youth Opera House. ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana ma Rossini's Barber of Seville ma kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole ia i ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka loiloi i paʻi ʻia ma ka nūpepa Leningrad Smena ua hoihoi. Akā, ʻo ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole koke, ma muli o ka nele o ke kumu waiwai, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hale keaka ʻōpio. ʻO kekahi makahiki o ke aʻo ʻana ma ke kulanui mele, i hui pū ʻia me ka hana paʻakikī - wiliwili i nā pahu kinoea nui ma ka hale hana - a ʻo ka hale keaka hou, ʻo ia ka hui ʻōpio o ka Leningrad Maly Opera Theatre.

ʻO nā makahiki 1935-1937 paha ka mea koʻikoʻi a hoʻoholo i ka moʻolelo pilikino o ka mea pena. Ua hana ʻo ia i ka ʻāpana ʻelua a me ke kolu, akā he kula nui! ʻO Samuil Abramovich Samosud, ke alakaʻi alakaʻi nui o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, he mea akamai i ka opera, mālama pono i ka mea pena kiʻi ʻōpio, e pāʻani ana i nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa loa me ia. ʻO ka hana ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana o ke alakaʻi Austrian, i kēlā mau makahiki, hāʻawi nui ke poʻo o ka symphony orchestra o Leningrad Philharmonic, Fritz Stiedry. ʻO ka hālāwai me ka haku mele ʻo Aram Ter-Hovhannisyan i hauʻoli loa no Lisitsian.

I ka makahiki 1933, ua hoʻomaka nā hana i nā hui o nā limahana, nā hale o ka moʻomeheu, nā kula ... ka hana ʻaha mele a Lisitsian, he 45 mau makahiki. He kanaka hoʻokahi ʻo ia o ka ʻaha mele a me ka hale keaka ʻo Lenggosakteatrov. I ka makahiki 1936, ua hoʻomākaukau a hīmeni ʻo Lisitsian i loko o ka hale ʻaha mele ʻo Capella ma kahi hui me AB Meerovich i ka hapa mua o kona ola - nā mele na Borodin, Balakirev, Rimsky-Korsakov, Glazunov. ʻOiai ka nui o ka hana, ʻike ka mea mele i ka manawa a me nā manawa no ka ulu ʻana o ka naʻauao. Ke aʻo nei ʻo ia i nā hale hōʻikeʻike a me ka hoʻolālā o ke kūlanakauhale, heluhelu nui. ʻO ke "kula" o ka Leningrad Philharmonic i lawe mai i nā pono waiwai nui o Lisitsian.

Ua lawe mai ʻo 1937 i nā loli hou i kāna hopena kiʻi. Loaʻa i ka mea mele kahi kono i ka Yerevan Opera and Ballet Theatre i kapa ʻia ma hope o Spendiarov no nā ʻāpana mua. ʻEkolu a me ka hapa makahiki o ka hana ma Armenia ua hua nui loa - ua hana ʻo ia i ʻumikumamālima mau hana i nā hana kahiko a me nā hana hou: Eugene Onegin, Valentin, Tomsky a me Yelets, Robert, Tonio a me Silvio, Maroles a me Escamillo, a me Mitka a me Listnitsky ma The Quiet Don, Tatula i ka opera "Almast", ʻO Mine ma "Anush", Tovmas i ka "Oriental Dentist", Grikora i ka opera "Lusabatzin". Akā, ua lanakila nui ka mea mele i ka Decade of Armenian Art ma Moscow iʻOkakopa 1939. Ua hanaʻo ia iʻelua mau māhele heroic - Tatul a me Grikor, a ua komo pū i nā'ahamele nui loa. Ua hoʻokipa maikaʻi ka poʻe metropolitan kūpono i ka leo leo ʻōpio, ua ʻike nā alakaʻi o ka Bolshoi Theatre iā ia a ʻaʻole i hoʻokuʻu iā ia mai ko lākou mau maka. Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Lisitsian i ke poʻo inoa ʻo Honored Artist of the Armenian SSR, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i ka Order of the Red Banner of Labor, ua koho ʻia ʻo ia i hope o ka ʻAha Kūkākūkā o Yerevan, a lilo i lālā moho o ka Communist Party.

ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua hoʻomaka kahi hana koʻikoʻi hou - ua kono ʻia ka mea mele i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Bolshoi, kahi i koho ʻia ai ʻo ia e lilo i mea hoʻokani solo no iwakāluakūmāono. ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Pavel Lisitsian ma ke kahua o ka lālā o ka Bolshoi Theatre i mālama ʻia ma ʻApelila 26, 1941. He nui nā loiloi. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke Kaua Honua II, ua hiki iā ia ke hīmeni i ka ʻāpana o Eugene Onegin a me ka ʻāpana o Yeletsky. ʻO ka ʻōlelo koʻikoʻi, ʻo ka hoʻomaka mua o ka mea mele ʻo ia ka pāʻani "The Queen of Spades", i mālama ʻia i hoʻokahi mahina ma mua o "Eugene Onegin", akā ua hala ka paʻi ʻana o ke kapikala i ka hana a pane wale i ka hana a Onegin i hoʻokahi mahina ma hope, e hōʻike ana. ma ke ʻano he hoʻomaka.

Ua hoʻomaka ke kaua. Mai Iulai a ʻOkakopa 1941, hele ʻo Pavel Lisitsian, me ka brigade, ma nā ʻōlelo a ka GlavPURKKA a me ke komite e lawelawe i ka Western Front, ka Reserve Front of Army General Zhukov, nā pūʻali koa lio o General Dovator a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe ma ia wahi. ʻO Vyazma, Gzhatsk, Mozhaisk, Vereya, Borodino, Baturin a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i hana ʻia i nā ʻāpana mokulele, nā halemai, nā kikowaena haʻalele ma nā kahua kaʻaahi. Ua hīmeni ʻo ia ma ke alo o ke alo ma lalo o ke ahi, i ka ninini ʻana i ka ua 3-4 mau manawa i ka lā. I Kepakemapa 1941, ma hope o kekahi o nā ʻaha mele mua, kahi i hoʻokani ai ka mea pena i nā mele ʻAmenia me ka hoʻokani ʻole ʻia, ua hāʻawi aku kekahi koa iā ia i ka pua pua. A hiki i kēia manawa, hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Pavel Gerasimovich i kēia bouquet ʻo ia ka mea nui loa i kona ola.

No ka hana ponoʻole i mua, ua loaʻa iā PG Lisitsian ka mahalo o ka Political Directorate o ka Western Front, ke kauoha a ka pūʻali koa ma ke kahua, a me nā mea kaua pilikino mai General Dovator. Ma mua a ma hope, ua hīmeni ʻo ia ma mua o ʻelima haneli mau ʻaha mele a haʻaheo ʻo ia i nā makana koa - nā mekala "No ka Courage", "No ka Liberation of the Caucasus". A i ka hopena o 1941, ua lawe ʻia ʻo ia i ka haukapila Yerevan ma ke kūlana koʻikoʻi a no ka manawa lōʻihi ma waena o ke ola a me ka make.

Ma hope o kona ola ʻana mai kona maʻi, hīmeni ʻo Lisitsian ma ke kahua o ka Yerevan Theatre no hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa. I loko o kēia manawa, hoʻopiha ʻo ia i kāna repertoire me nā kuleana o Kiazo ma Paliashvili's Daisi and Count Never in Meyerbeer's Huguenots, a ma 1943 hoʻi ʻo ia i Moscow, kahi i ka lā 3 o Dekemaba, no ka manawa mua ma hope o ka hoʻomaha lōʻihi, hana ʻo ia ma ke kahua. o ka opera o ke kapikala. Hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ka lā lanakila no ka ʻohana Lisitsian ʻaʻole wale ma ka hauʻoli o ka ʻāina i ka pau ʻana o ke kaua koko, akā me kekahi hanana hauʻoli: ma Mei 9, 1945, hānau ʻia nā māhoe - Ruzanna lāua ʻo Ruben.

Ma 1946, hana ʻo P. Lisitsian i ka ʻāpana o Germont ma Verdi's La Traviata, Kazbich ma A. Alexandrov's Bela. Ma hope o kēia, hana ʻo ia i ka ʻāpana o ke Komisina Kūikawā ma ka opera a Muradeli ʻO The Great Friendship. Ua mālama ʻia ka hana mua ma Nowemapa 1947. Ua lokahi ka poʻe paʻi i ko lākou mahalo i ka hana a Lisitsian. Ua loaʻa ka loiloi like i kāna hana ʻē aʻe - ke kiʻi o Ryleyev ma ka opera a Shaporin "The Decembrists" ma ke kahua o ka Bolshoi Theatre i ka makahiki 1953. ʻEkolu mau hana hou aʻe i nā keaka a nā mea haku mele Soviet i hana ʻia e Lisitsian ma kēia kahua: ka Belgian anti -ʻo Andre patriot fascist ma Nazib Zhiganov's Jalil, Napoleon i ke Kaua a me ka Maluhia o Prokofiev. Ma ka opera a Dzerzhinsky "The Fate of a Man" ua hīmeni ʻo ia i ka requiem kanikau "In Memory of the Fallen".

I Iune 1959, ua hoʻokumu ka Bolshoi Theatre i ka opera Carmen a Bizet me ke komo ʻana o Mario del Monaco. Ua hana ʻia ka ʻāpana o Carmen e IK Arkhipova. Ua kaʻana like ʻo ia i kāna kūleʻa lanakila me kāna hoa Italia, a ʻo PG Lisitsian, ma ke ʻano o Escamillo, hiki ke hōʻoia hou i ka loli ʻole o ke aloha a me ka mahalo o ka lehulehu iā ia me ka nānā ʻole ʻana i ka mea e hīmeni ma hope ona - kēlā me kēia puka a haʻalele. mai nā hiʻohiʻona i hele pū ʻia me ke kū ʻana.

Ua lanakila ʻo Pavel Gerasimovich i nā lanakila hoʻomohala he nui i kona wā lōʻihi a me ka hanana operatic ola, kani ʻia nā pāpaʻi i kona hanohano ma lalo o nā waihona o La Scala, ka Metropolitan, ka Bolshoi Theatre, nā hale keaka ʻē aʻe he kanakolukumamālua ma ko mākou ʻāina a me nā haole he nui. Ua huakaʻi ʻo ia ma nā ʻāina he kanakolu. Ma ka Bolshoi Theatre wale nō, ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i 26 mau kau, 1800 mau hana! Ma waena o nā ʻāpana baritone i mele ʻia e Lisitsian, ua hōʻike nui ʻia nā mele a me nā mele. ʻO kāna mau hoʻopaʻa hoʻopaʻa ʻana e noho mau ʻole a hiki i kēia lā. ʻO kāna kiʻi, ua lanakila i ka manawa a me ka manawa, i kēia lā he mea hou, kūpono a kūpono hoʻi.

ʻO PG Lisitsian, aloha aloha ʻole i ka opera, hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi i ka ʻoihana o ke keʻena hana, nā hana me nā ʻaha mele.

P. Lisitsian no hoi i uku hoʻokupu i ka ensemble mele-hana: ia no hoi i mele i loko o ke keʻena duets me nā hoa hana mai ka Bolshoi Theatre (ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka mākaʻikaʻi ma Vienna - nā hana a Varlamov a me Glinka me Valeria Vladimirovna Barsova), ua mele ia ma quartets. ʻO ka quartetʻohana Lisitsian he mea kūikawā i ka hanaʻoihana Lūkini. Ua hoʻomaka lākou ma ke ʻano he hui hoʻokahi i ka makahiki 1971, e hana ana i nā ʻāpana āpau - soprano, alto, tenor a me bass - ma Mozart's Requiem. ʻO ka makuakāne - Pavel Gerasimovich, ʻelua mau kaikamahine - ʻo Karina lāua ʻo Ruzanna, a me ke keiki kāne ʻo Ruben i hui pū ʻia i ka mele e ka hui ʻana o nā kumu hana kiʻi, ka ʻono maikaʻi, ke aloha i ka hoʻoilina kahiko. ʻO ke kī i ka holomua nui o ka hui aia ma ke kūlana aesthetic maʻamau o kona mau lālā, kahi ala hoʻokahi i nā pilikia ʻenehana a me ke kani, a ma ka mākaukau hoʻomaʻemaʻe o kēlā me kēia lālā o ka hui.

Ma hope o kāna hana no 26 mau kau ma ka Bolshoi Theatre, e noho ana i ka hapa nui o kona ola ma Moscow, ʻo Lisitsian naʻe ʻaʻole poina ʻo ia he Armenian. ʻAʻole he kau hoʻokahi i loko o kona ola hoʻomohala holoʻokoʻa ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hīmeni ma Armenia, ʻaʻole wale ma ka opera, akā ma ke kahua ʻaha mele, ʻaʻole wale ma nā kūlanakauhale nui, akā i mua o nā limahana o nā kauhale mauna mamao.

I ka huakaʻi ʻana i ka honua, makemake ʻo Pavel Gerasimovich e lawe mai i nā ʻāina like ʻole a hāʻawi i nā mea nona kā lākou mele mele, e hoʻokani ana iā lākou ma ka ʻōlelo kumu. Akā ʻo kāna makemake nui ʻo nā mele Armenia a me Lūkini.

Mai 1967 a hiki i 1973, pili ʻo Lisitsian me ka Yerevan Conservatory: ma ke ʻano he kumu mua, a laila ma ke ʻano he kumu aʻo a me ke poʻo o ke keʻena. I loko o kāna huakaʻi i ka USA (1960) a me Italia (1965), akā naʻe, a me nā huakaʻi ʻē aʻe he nui, ʻo ia, me ke komo ʻana i nā ʻaha mele a me nā hana i hoʻolālā mua ʻia, loaʻa iā ia ka ikaika a me ka manawa e hana ai i nā kaiāulu Armenia. , a ma Italia, ua hiki iaʻu ke hoʻolohe i nā keiki ʻAmenia he nui i mea e koho ai i nā mea kūpono no ka hoʻonaʻauao hīmeni ʻana.

Ua komo pinepine ʻo PG Lisitsian i nā hoʻokūkū honua ma ke ʻano he lālā o ka jure, me ka hoʻokūkū ma Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), nā hoʻokūkū Schumann a me Bach ma East Germany. No 20 mau makahiki, ua komo ʻo ia i ka Weimar Music Seminars. He laureate ʻo ia o ka Schumann Prize (city of Zwickau, 1977).

I kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ʻōlelo maikaʻi ʻo Pavel Lisitsian i ke kahua keaka a me ke kahua ʻaha mele a hīmeni wale nō ma ka papa hoʻomaʻamaʻa, akā nani nō naʻe ʻo ia e hōʻike ana i kāna mau haumāna pehea e hoʻokō ai i kēia a i kēlā ʻōlelo, kēia a i kēlā hana.

Aia ma ka pu'uwai o nā hana a pau a Pavel Gerasimovich Lisitsian ke kūlana ola o ka mea paʻahana i aloha i kāna ʻoihana i koho ʻia. I kona helehelena ʻaʻole a ʻaʻole hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona o ka "kiʻekiʻe", manaʻo ʻo ia i hoʻokahi mea - pono a pono i nā kānaka, i kāna ʻoihana. Ke ola nei ia i ka manaʻo hoʻāno no ke mele, ka hana, ka maikaʻi, ka nani.