Alexander Vasilyevich Mosolov |

Alexander Mosolov

Paʻakikī a ʻokoʻa ka hopena o A. Mosolov ma ke ʻano he haku mele, he mea pena kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a me ka mea maoli, nona ka mea i ulu nui aʻe i kēia mau lā. ʻO nā modulations stylistic maikaʻi loa i hana ʻia i kāna hana, ka mea i hōʻike i nā metamorphoses i hana ʻia ma nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mele Soviet. ʻO ka makahiki like me ke kenekulia, ua komo ʻo ia me ka wiwo ʻole i ke kiʻi i nā makahiki 20. a organically kūpono i loko o ka "context" o ka au, me kona impulsiveness a pau indefatigable ikehu, embodying kona uhane kipi, openness i hou au. No Mosolov 20s. ua lilo i ʻano manawa o "ka ʻino a me ke kaumaha". I kēia manawa, ua wehewehe mua ʻia kona kūlana i ke ola.

ʻO ka hopena o Mosolov, ka mea i neʻe aku i ka makahiki 1903 me kona mau mākua mai Kyiv a Moscow, ua pili pono ʻia me nā hanana kipi. Me ka hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻana i ka lanakila o ka Great October Revolution, i ka makahiki 1918 ua hāʻawi manawaleʻa ʻo ia i mua; i ka makahiki 1920 - hoʻoneʻe ʻia ma muli o ka haʻalulu pūpū. A wale nō, i ka makahiki 1921, i kona komo ʻana i ka Moscow Conservatory, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Mosolov e haku mele. Ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka haku mele, ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka counterpoint me R. Glier, a laila hoʻoneʻe ʻia i ka papa o N. Myaskovsky, kahi āna i puka ai mai ka conservatory i ka makahiki 1925. Ma ka manawa like, ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka piano me G. Prokofiev, a ma hope me K. Igumnov. He mea kupaianaha ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o Mosolov: ma ka waena o nā makahiki 20. lilo ʻo ia i mea kākau o ka nui o nā hana i kūkulu ʻia ai kona ʻano. "He ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻoe, piʻi mai ia mai ou aku, me he mea lā mai kahi cornucopia," i kākau ai ʻo N. Myaskovsky iā Mosolov ma ʻAukake 10, 1927. "ʻAʻole ia he mea hoʻohenehene ke ʻōlelo - 10 romances, 5 cadences, a symphonic suite, a kākau ʻoe i kahi mea liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēia, e kuʻu hoaaloha, ʻo ia ʻo "Universal" ”(Universal Edition publishing house in Vienna. – NA),“ a e ʻuwē ʻo ia mai kēlā nui ”! Mai ka makahiki 1924 a hiki i ka makahiki 1928, ua hana ʻo Mosolov ma kahi o 30 mau opuses, ʻo ia hoʻi nā sonatas piano, nā mele mele a me nā mea kani, kahi symphony, kahi keʻena opera "Hero", kahi concerto piano, mele no ka ballet "Steel" (mai kahi ʻano symphonic kaulana. ʻike ʻia ʻo "Factory").

I nā makahiki aʻe, ua kākau ʻo ia i ka operetta "The Baptism of Russia, Anti-Religious Symphony" no ka poʻe heluhelu, choir and orchestra, etc.

I ka 20-30s. ʻO ka hoihoi i ka hana a Mosolov ma ko mākou ʻāina a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i pili pū me ka "Factory" (1926-28), kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ke ʻano o ka polyostinato sound-depictive i ka manaʻo o kahi mīkini nui i ka hana. Ua kōkua nui kēia hana i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o Mosolov e kona poʻe o ka wā ma ke ʻano he ʻelele o ka constructivism mele e pili ana i nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pāʻani Soviet a me ke keaka mele (e hoʻomanaʻo i nā hana kuhikuhi o Vs. "Metallurgical Plant" mai ka opera. "Ice and Steel" na V. Deshevov - 1925). Eia nō naʻe, ʻimi ʻo Mosolov i kēia manawa a loaʻa i nā papa ʻē aʻe o ke ʻano mele mele hou. I ka makahiki 1930, ua kākau ʻo ia i ʻelua puʻupuʻu leo ​​koʻikoʻi a me ke kolohe i loaʻa kahi ʻano o ka huhū: "ʻEkolu Nā Kiʻi o nā keiki" a me "Four Newspaper Ads" ("mai Izvestia o ka All-Russian Central Executive Committee"). ʻO nā palapala ʻelua i hoʻoulu ai i ka walaʻau a me ka wehewehe ʻana. No ke aha ʻo ArtоʻO ka nūpepa wale nō nā kikokikona iā lākou iho, no ka laʻana: “Hele au ponoʻī e pepehi i nā ʻiole, nā ʻiole. Aia nā loiloi. 25 mau makahiki o ka hana. He mea maʻalahi ke noʻonoʻo i ke kūlana o ka poʻe hoʻolohe i hāpai ʻia i ka ʻuhane o ka moʻomeheu o ke keʻena mele! Ma ka laina me ka ʻōlelo mele o kēia wā me kāna dissonance koʻikoʻi, chromatic wanderings, akā naʻe, ua maopopo ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā kaʻa me ke ʻano leo o M. Mussorgsky, a hiki i nā hoʻohālikelike pololei ma waena o "Nā Kiʻi ʻEkolu Keiki" a me "Nā Keiki"; "Nūpepa Hoʻolaha" a me "Seminarian, Rayk". ʻO kekahi hana koʻikoʻi o nā makahiki 20. - ʻO ka concerto piano mua (1926-27), ka mea i hōʻailona i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi manaʻo anti-romantic hou o kēia ʻano i nā mele Soviet.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 30. Ua pau ka manawa o "ka ino a me ka hoouka kaua" ma ka hana a Mosolov: ua haki koke ka mea haku mele me ke ano kahiko o ke kakau ana a hoomaka e "hopu" no ka mea hou, e ku pono ana i ka mea mua. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka mea hoʻokani pila, ʻo ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i kāna mau hana i kākau ʻia ma mua a ma hope o nā makahiki 30 mua, he paʻakikī ke manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo lākou a pau no ka haku mele hoʻokahi. ʻO ka modulation Stylistic ma ka hana ʻana; i hoʻomaka i ka 30s, ua hoʻoholo i nā hana a pau a Mosolov. He aha ka mea i hoʻololi ʻia ai kēia ʻano hoʻololi koʻikoʻi? Ua ho'okani 'ia kekahi hana e ka mana'o ho'ohewa mai ka RAPM, nona ka hana i'ike'ia e ka hana ho'oha'aha'a i ka phenomena of art (i ka makahiki 1925 ua lilo'o Mosolov i lālā piha o ka ASM). Aia kekahi mau kumu kumu no ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻōlelo a ka mea haku mele: pili ia i ka hana Soviet o nā makahiki 30. ka umekaumaha i ka akaka a me ka maʻalahi.

I ka makahiki 1928-37. ʻIke ikaika ʻo Mosolov i ka moʻolelo o Central Asia, e aʻo ana iā ia i kāna huakaʻi, a me ka ʻōlelo ʻana i ka hōʻiliʻili kaulana o V. Uspensky lāua ʻo V. Belyaev "Turkmen Music" (1928). Ua kākau ʻo ia i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana no ka piano "Turkmen Nights" (3), Two Pieces on Uzbek Themes (1928), e pili ana i ka wā kahiko, kipi, e hōʻuluʻulu ana. A ma ka Concerto Second for Piano and Orchestra (1929) a me nā mea hou aʻe ma ʻEkolu Mele no ka Leo a me ka Orchestra (1932s), ua hōʻike maopopo ʻia kahi ʻano hou. ʻO ka hopena o 30s i hōʻailona ʻia e ka ʻike wale nō i ka hana a Mosolov i ka hana ʻana i kahi opera nui ma nā kumuhana kīwila a me ka pilikanaka - "Dam" (20-1929), - āna i hoʻolaʻa ai i kāna kumu ʻo N. Myaskovsky. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka libretto e Y. Zadykhin i kahi consonant plot me ka manawa o ka huli ʻana o nā makahiki 30-20: pili ia i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi pā no ka mana hydroelectric ma kekahi o nā kauhale mamao o ka ʻāina. Ua kokoke ke kumuhana o ka opera i ka mea kākau o The Factory. Hōʻike ka ʻōlelo orchestral o ka Plotina i kahi kokoke i ke ʻano o nā hana symphonic a Mosolov o nā makahiki 30. Hoʻohui ʻia ke ʻano ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka grotesque ma ʻaneʻi me nā hoʻāʻo e hana i nā kiʻi maikaʻi i ke mele e kū ana i nā koi o kahi kumuhana pilikanaka. Eia nō naʻe, ʻeha pinepine kona ʻano i kekahi schematism o nā hoʻokūkū hoʻolālā a me nā koa, no ka mea ʻaʻole i lawa ka ʻike o Mosolov, ʻoiai i ke ʻano o nā ʻano maikaʻi ʻole o ka honua kahiko i loaʻa iā ia ka ʻike.

ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ua mālama ʻia nā ʻike liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka hana hana a Mosolov ma hope o ka hana ʻana o Dam. I ka hopena o 1937, ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo ia: ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo ia i 8 mau makahiki ma kahi hoʻomoana hana, akā ma ʻAukake 25, 1938 ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo ia. I ka manawa mai 1939 a hiki i ka hopena o nā makahiki 40. aia ka hoʻokumu hope ʻana o kahi ʻano hana hou o ka haku mele. Ma ka Extraordinarily poetic Concerto for harp and orchestra (1939), ua pani ʻia ka ʻōlelo kuʻuna e nā kumuhana a ka mea kākau kumu, i ʻike ʻia e ka maʻalahi o ka ʻōlelo harmonic, melodicism. I nā makahiki 40 mua. Ke alakaʻi ʻia nei nā manaʻo hoʻomohala o Mosolov ma nā kahawai, ʻo ia kekahi o ka opera. Ua kākauʻo ia i nā keaka "Signal" (libre na O. Litovsky) a me "Masquerade" (ma hope o M. Lermontov). Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka helu o The Signal ma ʻOkakopa 14, 1941. No laila, ua lilo ka opera i mea mua ma kēia ʻano (ʻo ka mua loa paha) pane i nā hanana o ke Kaua Patriotic Nui. ʻO nā wahi koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe o ka hana hoʻomohala a Mosolov i kēia mau makahiki - ke mele mele a me ke keʻena leo leo - ua hui pū ʻia e ke kumuhana o ke aloha ʻāina. ʻO keʻano nui o nā mele mele o nā makahiki kaua -ʻo ke mele - ua hōʻikeʻia e kekahi mau haku mele, i waena o ia mau mele meleʻekolu i hui pūʻia me ka pianoforte i nā pauku o Argo (A. Goldenberg), i kākauʻia i loko o kaʻuhane o nā mele heroic nui. ʻOi aku ka hoihoi: "He mele e pili ana iā Alexander Nevsky, he mele e pili ana iā Kutuzov" a me " Mele no Suvorov. Ke alakaʻi i nā haku mele o ke keʻena o nā makahiki 40 mua. e hoʻokani i nā ʻano mele a me nā mele; ʻO kahi ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa he lyrical romance a, ʻo ia hoʻi, romance-elegy ("Three elegies on poems by Denis Davydov" - 1944, "Five poems by A. Blok" - 1946).

I loko o kēia mau makahiki, huli hou ʻo Mosolov, ma hope o ka hoʻomaha lōʻihi, i ke ʻano symphony. ʻO ka Symphony in E Major (1944) i hōʻailona i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi epic nui o 6 symphonies, i hana ʻia ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki. Ma kēia ʻano, hoʻomau ka mea haku mele i ka laina o ka symphonism epic, āna i hoʻomohala ai ma Lūkini, a laila ma nā mele Soviet o nā makahiki 30. ʻO kēia ʻano ʻano, a me nā pilina pili i ka intonation-thematic pili i waena o nā symphonies, hāʻawi i ke kuleana e kapa i nā symphonies 6 he epic ʻaʻole ia he metaphorically.

I ka makahiki 1949, komo ʻo Mosolov i nā huakaʻi moʻolelo i ka Teritori ʻo Krasnodar, kahi i hōʻailona ai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi "folklore wave" hou i kāna hana. Hōʻike ʻia nā suites no kahi orkestra o nā mea kani Lūkini (Kubanskaya, etc.). Ua aʻo ka mea haku mele i ka moʻolelo o Stavropol. I ka makahiki 60. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Mosolov e kākau no ka poʻe hīmeni (me ka hui mele ʻo Rūsia ʻĀkau, alakaʻi ʻia e ka wahine a ka mea haku mele, People's Artist of the USSR Y. Meshko). Ua mākaukau ʻo ia i ke ʻano o ke mele ʻākau, e hoʻonohonoho ana. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hana a ka mea haku mele me ka papa mele i hāʻawi i ke kākau ʻana i ka "Folk Oratorio e pili ana iā GI Kotovsky" (Art. E. Bagritsky) no nā soloists, choir, reader and orchestra (1969-70). Ma kēia hana hope loa, ua huli ʻo Mosolov i nā hanana o ke kaua kīwila ma Ukraine (kahi i komo ai ʻo ia), e hoʻolaʻa ana i kahi oratorio i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i kāna luna. I nā makahiki hope loa o kona ola ʻana, ua hana ʻo Mosolov i nā kiʻi kiʻi no nā haku mele ʻelua - ʻo ke Kolu Piano Concerto (1971) a me ka Symphony ʻeono (ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ka ʻEwalu). Eia kekahi, ua paʻa ʻo ia i ka manaʻo o ka opera He aha ka mea e hana ai? (e like me ka moʻolelo o ka inoa like e N. Chernyshevsky), ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokō ʻia.

"ʻOliʻoli wau i kēia manawa ua hoihoi ka lehulehu i ka hoʻoilina hoʻoilina o Mosolov, ke paʻi ʻia nei nā memo e pili ana iā ia. ... Manaʻo wau inā i hana ʻia kēia mau mea i ka wā o ke ola ʻana o AV Mosolov, a laila malia paha e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka nānā hou ʻana i kāna mau haku mele i kona ola a ua lōʻihi ʻo ia i waena o mākou, "i kākau ai ka cellist kaulana ʻo A. Stogorsky e pili ana. ka mea haku mele , nāna i hoʻolaʻa ʻo Mosolov i ka "Elegiac Poem" no cello a me ka orchestra (1960).

N. Aleksenko