ʻO ka Enharmonism |
mai ka Helene enarmonios - enharmonic, lit. – consonant, consonant, harmonious
ʻOkoʻa ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe o nā leo (no ka laʻana, des = cis), nā wā (no ka laʻana,
chords (as-c-es-ges=as-c-es-fis=gis-his-dis-fis etc.), kī (Fis-dur=Ges-dur). ʻO ka manaʻo o "E." manaʻo ʻia he 12-step (equally) temperament system (see Temperament). Ua hoʻomohala ʻia e pili ana i ka hoʻohou ʻana i nā kikowaena o nā genera kahiko - chromatic a me enharmonic (e nānā i ka Chromatism, Enharmonic) - a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā leo o nā genera ʻekolu (me ka diatonic) i loko o ka unahi hoʻokahi; pela, mawaena o na leo diatonic. he leo holoʻokoʻa, hoʻonoho ʻia nā leo o nā ʻanuʻu haʻahaʻa a kiʻekiʻe, no ka laʻana. (c)-des-cis-(d) me ka helu ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ko lākou kiʻekiʻe (na P. de Beldemandis, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 15; e nānā: Coussemaker E., Scriptorum…, t. 3, p. 257-58; y H. . Vicentino, 1555). Mālama ʻia ma ka huaʻōlelo o ka manaʻo. treatises, ka kahiko enharmonics (kahi o ka microintervals okoa i ke kiʻekiʻe) i loko o ka 18th kenekulia, e like me ka laha ana o ka temperament, oi loa aku ke ano like, i loko o ka European E. hou (kahi o ka microintervals, no ka laʻana, eis a me des, ua coincide i ke kiʻekiʻe). ʻO ka manaʻo o "E." ʻokoʻa i ka pālua: E. ma ke ʻano he hōʻike o ka ʻike hana (passive a i ʻole imaginary E.; no ka laʻana, ma Bach i ka 1st volume o ka Well-Tempered Clavier, ka like o nā kī es-moll a me dis-moll i ka 8th. prelude a me ka fugue; ma Beethoven ma Adagio 8th fi. Sonata E-dur=Fes-dur) a ma ke ʻano he hōʻike o ka hana like ʻole ("detemperation", AS Ogolevets; e like me ke kānāwai intonation "koi ma luna o ka palahalaha"), huna ʻia, akā. mālama ʻia ma lalo o ka uhi o ke ʻano (ʻeleu a i ʻole maoli E., no ka laʻana, i ka modulation anharmonic ma o hf-as-d=hf-gis-d i ka wā e hoʻokomo ai i kahi reprise i ka cavatina o Gorislava mai Glinka's Ruslan a me Lyudmila).
Noi. ka hoohana ana o E. ma Europa. no ka hoomaka ke mele. Ke kenekulia 16 (A. Willart, duet "Quid non ebrietas"); Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo E. i ka chromatic. madrigal o nā kenekulia 16-17, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kula Venetian. Mai ka manawa o JS Bach, ua lilo ia i mea koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻololi koke ʻana, a ʻo ka pōʻai o 30 mau kī nui a me nā mea liʻiliʻi e pili ana iā ia ua lilo i mea pono no ka classical-romantic. ʻano pōʻai hoʻololi mele. I ka tonal chromatic 20th century system E. ua hoʻoili pū ʻia i nā pilina intratonal, no ka laʻana. i ka hoomaka ana o ka hapa 3 o ka fp 6. ʻO ka sonata a Prokofiev, ʻo ka chord nVI> o ke degere (ʻaoʻao palahalaha) ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā leo o ka enharmonic e like me ia ma ke degere ʻelima (ʻaoʻao ʻoi; i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka paukū - enharmonic simplification):
SS Prokofiev. Sonata 6 no ka piano, hapa III.
ʻO ka manaʻo o E. hiki i kona pae kiʻekiʻe loa i nā mele 12-leo, kahi e hoʻomau mau ʻia ai ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka enharmonic (no kahi laʻana mele no E. mau, e ʻike i ka ʻatikala Dodecaphony).
E hoʻomaopopo ': Renchitsky PN, Ke aʻo ʻana e pili ana i ka anharmonism, M., 1930; Ogolevets AS, Introduction to modern music thinking, M.-L., 1946; ʻO Tyulin Yu. (H.), He papa aʻoaʻo pōkole i kuʻikahi, L., 1960, hoʻoponopono hou ʻia. and add., M., 1978; Pereverzev N. (K.), Nā pilikia o ka leo mele, M., 1966; Sposobin IV, Nā haʻi'ōlelo ma ke ala o ka lokahi, M., 1969; Beldemandis P. de., Libellus monocordi (1413), ma Coussemaker E. de, Scriptorum de musica medii aevi. Novam series…, t. 3, Parisiis, 1869, facsimile. hoʻopuka hou iā Hildesheim, 1963; Vicentino N., L'antica musica ridotta alla moderna prattica…, Roma, 1555, facsimile. hoʻopuka hou iā Kassel, 1959; Scheibe JA, Compendium musices… (c. 1730-36), in Benary P., Die deutsche Kompositionslehre des 18. Jahrhunderts, Lpz., 1961; Levitan JS, A. Willaert duo kaulana, "Tijdschrift der Vereeniging vor Nederlandse Muziekgeschiedenis", 1938, bd 15; Lowinsky EE, Tonality and atonality in the 1961-century music, Berk.-Los Ang., XNUMX.
ʻO Yu. N. Kholopov
