Maria Petrovna Maksakova |
Maria Maksakova
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Maria Petrovna Maksakova ma ʻApelila 8, 1902 ma Astrakhan. Ua make koke ka makua kāne, a ʻo ka makuahine i ke kaumaha o ka ʻohana, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke nānā nui i nā keiki. I ka makahiki ʻewalu, hele ke kaikamahine i ke kula. ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo ia i aʻo maikaʻi loa ma muli o kona ʻano ʻokoʻa: ua pani ʻo ia iā ia iho, lilo ʻo ia i mea launa ʻole, a laila lawe aku i kona mau hoaaloha me nā hana ʻino.
I ka ʻumi o kona mau makahiki, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hīmeni i ka papa hīmeni o ka hale pule. A ma ʻaneʻi ua pani ʻia ʻo Marusya. ʻO ke kaikamahine hoʻonanea, hopuʻia e ka hana ma ka papa mele, ua hoʻomaha loa.
"Ua aʻo wau i ka heluhelu mele ʻana iaʻu iho," i hoʻomanaʻo ai ka mea mele. - No kēia, ua kākau wau i kahi unahi ma ka pā ma ka home a hoʻopaʻa i ka lā a pau. ʻElua mau mahina ma hope mai, ua manaʻo ʻia au he connoisseur o ke mele, a ma hope o kekahi manawa ua loaʻa iaʻu ka "inoa" o kahi mele i heluhelu manuahi mai kahi pepa.
I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua lilo ʻo Marusya i alakaʻi i ka hui viola o ka papa mele, kahi āna i hana ai a hiki i 1917. ʻO ia kahi i hoʻomaka ai nā ʻano maikaʻi loa o ka mea mele - impeccable intonation a me ka leo maʻalahi ke alakaʻi.
Ma hope o ka ʻOkakopa Revolution, i ka wā i lilo ai ka hoʻonaʻauao, ua komo ʻo Maksakova i ke kula mele, ka papa piano. No ka loaʻa ʻole o kāna mea kani ma ka home, aʻo ʻo ia i ke kula i kēlā me kēia lā a hiki i ke ahiahi. No ka poʻe makemake kiʻi kiʻi, he ʻano hiʻohiʻona i kēlā manawa. Ua hauʻoli ʻo ia i ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā unahi, maʻamau ka "inaina" o nā haumāna āpau.
"Ua makemake nui au i ke mele," wahi a Maksakova. - I kekahi manawa, lohe au, e hele ana ma ke alanui, pehea e pāʻani ai kekahi i ka unahi, kū wau ma lalo o ka puka makani a hoʻolohe i nā hola a hiki i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ai lākou iaʻu.
I ka makahiki 1917 a me ka mua o ka makahiki 1918, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka poʻe a pau i hana i ka papa himeni o ka hale pule i hoʻokahi mele mele a hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia i ka Hui Rabis. No laila ua hana au no ʻehā mahina. A laila ua haʻalele ka papa himeni, a laila hoʻomaka wau e aʻo i ka hīmeni.
Haʻahaʻa loa koʻu leo, aneane contralto. Ma ke kula mele, ua manaʻo ʻia au he haumāna mākaukau, a hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻouna iaʻu i nā ʻaha mele i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no ka Red Guard a me ka Navy. Ua holomua au a haʻaheo loa. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, hoʻomaka wau e aʻo mua me ke kumu Borodina, a laila me ka mea pena kiʻi o ka Astrakhan Opera - ka soprano dramatic Smolenskaya, he haumāna o IV Tartakov. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Smolenskaya e aʻo iaʻu pehea e lilo ai i soprano. Ua makemake nui au. Ua aʻo au no hoʻokahi makahiki, a ʻoiai ua hoʻoholo lākou e hoʻouna i ka ʻOpera Astrakhan i Tsaritsyn (ʻo Volgograd i kēia manawa) no ke kauwela, i hiki ai ke hoʻomau i ke aʻo ʻana me kaʻu kumu, ua hoʻoholo wau e komo pū i ka opera.
Hele au i ka opera me ka makaʻu. I kona ʻike ʻana mai iaʻu i loko o kahi lole haumāna pōkole a me kahi pahi, ua hoʻoholo ke alakaʻi e hele mai au e komo i ka papa mele o nā keiki. Ua ʻōlelo naʻe au, makemake wau e lilo i mea hoʻokani solo. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia au, ʻae ʻia a aʻo ʻia e aʻo i ka ʻāpana o Olga mai ka opera Eugene Onegin. ʻElua mahina ma hope mai ua hāʻawi mai lākou iā Olga e hīmeni. ʻAʻole au i lohe i nā hana opera ma mua a ua maikaʻi ʻole wau i kaʻu hana. No kekahi kumu, ʻaʻole wau i makaʻu i kaʻu hīmeni ʻana i kēlā manawa. Ua hoike mai ke alakai ia'u i na wahi au e noho ai a me ko'u wahi e hele ai. He naʻaupō wau i kēlā manawa a hiki i ka naʻaupō. A i ka wā i hōʻino mai ai kekahi o ka papa mele iaʻu, ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke hele a puni ke kahua, ua loaʻa iaʻu kaʻu uku mua, ua maopopo maoli iaʻu kēia ʻōlelo. No ke aʻo ʻana pehea e "hele ma ke kahua", ua hana wau i puka ma ka pale hope a, kukuli, nānā i ka hana holoʻokoʻa ma nā wāwae wale nō o nā mea keaka, e hoʻāʻo ana e hoʻomanaʻo i ko lākou hele ʻana. Pīhoihoi loa au i ka ʻike ʻana ua hele maʻamau lākou, e like me ke ola. I ke kakahiaka ua hele au i ka hale keaka a hele au a puni ke kahua me ko'u mau maka, i mea e ike ai i ka mea huna o "ka hiki ke hele a puni ke kahua". ʻO ia i ke kauwela o 1919. I ka hāʻule, he luna hui hou ʻo MK Maksakov, e like me kā lākou i ʻōlelo ai, ʻo ia ka ʻino o nā mea keaka hiki ʻole. Nui koʻu hauʻoli i ka wā i hāʻawi mai ai ʻo Maksakov iaʻu i ke kuleana o Siebel ma Faust, Madeleine ma Rigoletto a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻōlelo pinepine ʻo Maksakov he kālena keaka koʻu a he leo, akā ʻaʻole maopopo iaʻu pehea e hīmeni ai. Pihoihoi au: "Pehea e hiki ai kēia, inā wau i hīmeni ma ke kahua a lawe pū i ka repertoire." Akā naʻe, ua hoʻopilikia iaʻu kēia mau kamaʻilio ʻana. Ua hoʻomaka wau e noi iā MK Maksakova e hana pū me aʻu. Aia ʻo ia i loko o ka hui a me ka mea hīmeni, a me ke alakaʻi, a me ka luna keaka, a ʻaʻohe ona manawa noʻu. A laila ua hoʻoholo wau e hele e aʻo ma Petrograd.
Ua hele pololei wau mai ke kahua a hiki i ka conservatory, akā ua hōʻole ʻia au i ke komo ʻana ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka diploma kula kiʻekiʻe. No ka ʻae ʻana he mea hoʻokani opera wau, makaʻu wau. Me ka huhū loa i ka hōʻole ʻana, hele wau i waho a uwē nui loa. No ka manawa mua o koʻu ola ʻana i hoʻouka ʻia e ka makaʻu maoli: hoʻokahi wale nō ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻē, ʻaʻohe kālā, ʻaʻohe kamaʻāina. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua hālāwai wau me kekahi o nā mea pena mele ma Astrakhan ma ke alanui. Ua kōkua ʻo ia iaʻu e noho i kahi ʻohana kamaʻāina. ʻElua lā ma hope mai, ua hoʻokolokolo ʻo Glazunov iaʻu ma ka conservatory. Ua hāʻawi ʻo ia iaʻu i kahi polopeka, kahi aʻu i hoʻomaka ai e aʻo i ka hīmeni. Ua ʻōlelo ka polopeka he mele soprano kaʻu. A laila ua hoʻoholo wau e hoʻi koke i Astrakhan e aʻo me Maksakov, nāna i loaʻa kahi mezzo-soprano me aʻu. I koʻu hoʻi ʻana i koʻu ʻāina hānau, ua mare koke wau iā MK Maksakov, ʻo ia kaʻu kumu.
Mahalo i kāna mau leo leo maikaʻi, ua hiki iā Maksakova ke komo i ka hale opera. "He leo ʻo ia o kahi ʻoihana ʻoihana a lawa ka sonority," kākau ʻo ML Lvov. — ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka pololei o ka leo a me ke ʻano o ke kani. ʻO ka mea nui i huki ai i ka mea mele ʻōpio i ke mele ʻana i ke mele a me ka haʻi ʻōlelo a me ka manaʻo ikaika i ka ʻike o ka hana i hana ʻia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia kēia mau mea a pau i kona wā kamaliʻi, akā ua lawa ia no kahi kiʻi ʻike ʻike e ʻike i nā hiki ke hoʻomohala.
I ka makahiki 1923, ua ʻike mua ʻia ka mea mele ma ke kahua o ka Bolshoi ma ke ʻano o Amneris a ua ʻae koke ʻia i loko o ka hui keaka. ʻO ka hana i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā haku e like me ke alakaʻi ʻo Suk a me ke alakaʻi ʻo Lossky, nā soloists Nezhdanova, Sobinov, Obukhova, Stepanova, Katulskaya, ua ʻike koke ka mea pena ʻōpio ʻaʻole hiki ke kōkua ʻia kahi talena me ka ʻole o ka ikaika loa: "Mahalo i ke akamai o Nezhdanova a me Lohengrin - Sobinov, ua hoʻomaopopo mua au i ke kiʻi o kahi haku nui e hiki i ka palena o ka expressiveness wale nō ke hōʻike ʻia ka haʻalulu nui i loko o kahi ʻano maʻalahi a maʻalahi, i ka wā e hui pū ʻia ai ka waiwai o ka honua uhane me ka stinginess o nā neʻe. I ka hoʻolohe ʻana i kēia poʻe hīmeni, hoʻomaka wau e hoʻomaopopo i ke kumu a me ke ʻano o kaʻu hana e hiki mai ana. Ua ʻike mua wau ʻo ke kālena a me ka leo wale nō ka mea me ke kōkua ʻana ma o ka hana luhi ʻole e loaʻa ai i kēlā me kēia mele ke kuleana e hīmeni ma ke kahua o ka Bolshoi Theatre. ʻO ke kamaʻilio ʻana me Antonina Vasilievna Nezhdanova, ka mea mai nā lā mua o koʻu noho ʻana ma ka Bolshoi Theatre i lilo i mana nui loa iaʻu, ua aʻo mai iaʻu i ka paʻakikī a me ka pololei i kaʻu hana.
I ka makahiki 1925, ua kākoʻo ʻia ʻo Maksakova i Leningrad. Ma laila, ua hoʻopiha hou ʻia kāna repertoire opera me nā ʻāpana o Orpheus, Martha (Kovanshchina) a me ka hoa Dasha i ka opera For Red Petrograd na Gladkovsky a me Prussak. ʻElua mau makahiki ma hope mai, i ka makahiki 1927, ua hoʻi ʻo Maria i Moscow, i ka State Academic Bolshoi Theatre, i koe a hiki i 1953 ke alakaʻi soloist o ka hui mua o ka ʻāina.
ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia kēlā ʻāpana mezzo-soprano i nā keaka i hoʻokani ʻia ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Bolshoi kahi i ʻike ʻole ai ʻo Maksakova. Poina ʻole ʻia no nā tausani o nā kānaka ʻo kāna Carmen, Lyubasha, Marina Mnishek, Marfa, Hanna, Spring, Lel i loko o nā opera o nā mele Lūkini, kāna Delilah, Azuchena, Ortrud, Charlotte ma Werther, a hope loa ʻo Orpheus i ka opera a Gluck i hoʻokumu ʻia me kona komo ʻana e ka State Ensemble opera ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a IS Kozlovsky. ʻO ia ka Clarice nani ma Prokofiev's The Love for Three Oranges, ka Almast mua i ka opera a Spendiarov o ka inoa hoʻokahi, ʻo Aksinya ma Dzerzhinsky's The Quiet Don a me Grunya ma Chishko's Battleship Potemkin. ʻO ia ka laulā o kēia mea pena. He mea pono e ʻōlelo ʻo ka mea mele, ʻelua i nā makahiki o kona wā kiʻekiʻe, a ma hope, haʻalele i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, hāʻawi i nā ʻaha mele he nui. Ma waena o kāna mau hana kiʻekiʻe loa e hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā romances na Tchaikovsky a me Schumann, nā hana a nā mea haku mele Soviet a me nā mele mele.
ʻO Maksakova kekahi o kēlā mau mea pena Soviet i loaʻa ka manawa e hōʻike i kā mākou mele mele ma waho no ka manawa mua i ka makahiki 30, a he kuleana piha ʻo ia ma Turkey, Polani, Suedena, a i nā makahiki ma hope o ke kaua ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i ʻoi loa nā mea a pau i ke ola o ka mea mele nui. Wahi a ke kaikamahine ʻo Lyudmila, he mele hoʻi, Honored Artist of Russia:
“Ua lawe ʻia ke kāne a koʻu makuahine (ʻo ia ka ʻelele i Polani) i ka pō a lawe ʻia. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i ʻike hou iā ia. A pēlā pū me nā mea he nui…
… Ma hope o ko lākou hoʻopaʻahao ʻana a pana i kāna kāne, ua noho ʻo ia ma lalo o ka pahi kaua a Damocles, no ka mea, ʻo ia ka hale keaka o Stalin. Pehea e hiki ai i kahi mea mele me ia moʻolelo pilikino i loko. Ua makemake lākou e hoʻouna iā ia a me ka balerina ʻo Marina Semenova i ke pio ʻana. Akā, ua hoʻomaka ke kaua, ua haʻalele koʻu makuahine i Astrakhan, a me he mea lā ua poina ia mea. Akā, i kona hoʻi ʻana i Moscow, ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻohe mea i poina: Ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻo Golovanov i hoʻokahi minuke i kona hoʻāʻo e pale iā ia. Akā, he kanaka ikaika ʻo ia - ke alakaʻi alakaʻi nui o ka Bolshoi Theatre, ka mea hoʻokani pila, ka mea lanakila o nā makana Stalin ... "
Akā i ka hopena ua holo nā mea a pau. I ka makahiki 1944, ua loaʻa iā Maksakova ka makana mua ma kahi hoʻokūkū i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ke Kōmike no nā ʻĀpana o ka USSR no ka hana maikaʻi loa o kahi mele Lūkini. I ka makahiki 1946, ua loa'a 'o Maria Petrovna i ka USSR State Prize no nā hana ko'iko'i ma ke kahua o ka opera a me ka hana 'aha mele. Ua loaʻa hou iā ia i ʻelua manawa - ma 1949 a me 1951.
He kanaka hana koʻikoʻi ʻo Maksakova i hiki ke hoʻonui a hoʻokiʻekiʻe i kāna talena kūlohelohe ma o ka hana luhi. Hoʻomanaʻo kāna hoa hana ʻo ND Spiller:
"Ua lilo ʻo Maksakova i mea pena no kona makemake nui e lilo i mea pena. ʻO kēia makemake, ikaika e like me kahi mea, ʻaʻole hiki ke kinai ʻia e kekahi mea, ke neʻe ikaika nei ʻo ia i kāna pahuhopu. I kona lawe ʻana i kekahi hana hou, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hoʻōki i ka hana ʻana. Ua hana ʻo ia (ʻae, ua hana ʻo ia!) i kāna mau hana ma nā pae. A ʻo kēia ka mea i alakaʻi mau ai i ka ʻaoʻao leo, ka hoʻolālā kahua, ka hiʻohiʻona - ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, loaʻa nā mea āpau i kahi ʻano ʻenehana paʻa, piha i ka manaʻo nui a me ka ʻike naʻau.
He aha ka ikaika noʻeau o Maksakova? ʻAʻole i mele ʻia kēlā me kēia hana: i kēia lā i ke ʻano - maikaʻi ke kani, ʻapōpō ʻaʻole - ʻoi aku ka ʻino. Loaʻa iā ia nā mea āpau a "hana" ikaika loa. ʻO ia ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻoihana. Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei au i hoʻokahi manawa, i ka hana ʻana a Carmen, i mua o ke kahua o ka hale inu, ua hāpai ʻo Maria Petrovna, ma hope o nā hiʻohiʻona, i ka lepa o kona kapa i nā manawa he nui i mua o ke aniani a hahai i ka neʻe ʻana o kona wāwae. E hoʻomākaukau ana ʻo ia no ke kahua e hula ai. Akā, he mau kaukani o nā ʻenehana hana, nā hoʻololi ʻana, nā huaʻōlelo leo noʻonoʻo maikaʻi ʻia, kahi i maopopo a hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā mea a pau - ma ka laulā, loaʻa iā ia nā mea a pau i mea e hoʻopiha piha ai a me ka leo, a me ke kahua e hōʻike ai i ke ʻano o loko o kāna mau heroines, ka manaʻo o loko. kā lākou ʻano a me kā lākou hana . ʻO Maria Petrovna Maksakova he haku nui o ka leo leo. ʻO kona lokomaikaʻi, kona akamai kiʻekiʻe, kona ʻano i ka hale keaka, ʻo kona kuleana ke mahalo nui ʻia.
A eia ka mea a kekahi hoa hana S.Ya. wahi a Maksakova. Lemeshev:
“ʻAʻole ʻo ia e hāʻule i ka ʻono noʻeau. ʻOi aku ka "hoʻomaopopo" liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka "ʻomi" (a ʻo ia ka mea e lawe pinepine ai i ka lanakila maʻalahi i ka mea hoʻokani). A ʻoiai ʻo ka hohonu o ka nui o mākou e ʻike ʻaʻole nui ke kumukūʻai o ia kūleʻa, hiki i nā mea pena kiʻi nui ke hōʻole. Hōʻike ʻia ka naʻau mele o Maksakova i nā mea āpau, me kona aloha i ka hana ʻahamele, no ka palapala keʻena. He mea paʻakikī ke hoʻoholo i ka ʻaoʻao o ka hana hoʻomohala a Maksakova - ʻo ke kahua opera a i ʻole ke kahua ʻaha mele - ua lanakila ʻo ia i ke kaulana ākea. Ma waena o kāna mau hana maikaʻi loa i ka hana o ke keʻena, ʻo nā romances na Tchaikovsky, Balakirev, ʻo Schumann's cycle "Love and Life of a Woman" a me nā mea hou aku.
Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei au iā MP Maksakov, e hoʻokani ana i nā mele Lūkini: he aha ka maʻemaʻe a me ka lokomaikaʻi ʻole o ka ʻuhane Lūkini i hōʻike ʻia i kāna mele ʻana, he aha ka maʻemaʻe o ka manaʻo a me ke ʻano koʻikoʻi! Ma nā mele Lūkini he nui nā mele mamao. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hīmeni iā lākou ma nā ʻano like ʻole: me ka dashingly, a me ka paʻakikī, a me ke ʻano i hūnā ʻia ma nā huaʻōlelo: "E hele i Gehena!". A ʻike ʻo Maksakova i kāna leo kani, huki ʻia, i kekahi manawa keu, akā hoʻonani mau ʻia e ka palupalu wahine.
A eia ka manao o Vera Davydova:
"Ua pili nui ʻo Maria Petrovna i ka helehelena. ʻAʻole wale ʻo ia he nani loa a he kiʻi nui. Akā nānā mau ʻo ia i kona ʻano o waho, mālama pono i ka meaʻai koʻikoʻi a hoʻomaʻamaʻa paʻakikī i ka gymnastics ...
… Ua kū kokoke ko mākou mau dachas kokoke i Moscow ma Snegiri, ma ka muliwai ʻo Istra, a ua hoʻomaha mākou i ko mākou mau lā hoʻomaha. No laila, hui au me Maria Petrovna i kēlā me kēia lā. Ua nānā au i kona noho mālie home me kona ʻohana, ʻike i kona aloha a me kona nānā ʻana i kona makuahine, nā kaikuahine, nāna i pane like iā ia. Ua makemakeʻo Maria Petrovna e hele wāwae no nā hola ma nā kapa o ka Istra a mahalo i nā hiʻohiʻona nani, nā ululāʻau a me nā māla. I kekahi manawa, hui mākou a kamaʻilio pū me ia, akā ʻo ka mea maʻamau, kūkākūkā wale mākou i nā pilikia maʻalahi o ke ola a paʻakikī ʻole i kā mākou hana hui ma ka hale keaka. ʻO kā mākou pilina ka mea aloha a maʻemaʻe. Ua mahalo a mahalo mākou i ka hana a me ka hana a kekahi.
ʻO Maria Petrovna, i ka hopena o kona ola, ua haʻalele i ke kahua, hoʻomau i ke ola paʻa. Ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka leo leo ma GITIS, kahi i lilo ai ʻo ia i kumu aʻoaʻo kōkua, ke poʻo i ke kula ʻo People's Singing School ma Moscow, ua komo i ka jure o nā hoʻokūkū leo āpau āpau a me ka honua, a ua komo i ka nūpepa.
Ua make ʻo Maksakova ma ʻAukake 11, 1974 ma Moscow.
